Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in solid organs of old men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a valuable prostate cancer biomarker that is now wildly used for population screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of patients with prostate cancer. Howere it is reported that PSA is not feasible to discriminate the progress of prostate cancer, so many investigators still works on developing new biomarker of prostate carcinoma. Here, we propose the study of differentially expressed prostate proteins in blood of patients. With the aid of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption-induced time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, comparison of normal men and prostate cancer patients serum proteins and analysis protein variation of different stages of prostate cancer serum. We find 31 and 17 protein spots overexpression in cancer development and after treatment, respectively. At present, with the aid of SWISS-PORT database and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we had identified fibrinogen gamma chain, fibrinogen alpha/alpha-E chain, major histocompatibility complex (MHC), class I, C and Mayven were overexpressed in prostate cancer development, where Mayven is fist reported by us.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-68).

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-104).

Deinococcus radiodurans is a highly UV and radio resistant bacterium. The addition of Mn2+ could induce an Mn-CD effect in this bacterium. In this study, we used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to compare and analyze the expressed-proteins under various growth conditions, such as temperature and the presence of Mn2+ or not. The results showed that Mn2+ could affect the similarity proteins expression. As the time of Mn-CD effect elapsed longer, the similarity of the proteins from different growth phages became lower. This indicated that Mn2+ indeed could induce or repress the gene expression. From the 2-D gel analysis, there were fourteen proteins had been induced or overexpressed. Five of them were the proteins with the functions for the synthesis and decomposition of proteins and DNA, others were ATP-binding cassette¡]ABC¡^transporter¡Bsuperoxide dismutase［Mn］, and the rest five were the hypothetical proteins with unclear function. In addition, this study also found that the cultivation temperatures caused conformational and physiological modification of the cell. The addition of Mn2+ could enhance the viability of the bacterium at higher temperature.

Polyalthia longifolia is a lofty evergreen tree found in India and Sri Lanka. Today, P. longifolia var. pendula is in large-scale cultivation in south Taiwan as a landscape plant. A new compound, clerodane diterpenoid 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15, 16 -olide¡]CD¡^, was isolated from the bark of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula. The compound was shown with cell growth inhibitory property at first screen in KMU¡]Kaohsiung Medical University¡^. In our study, antiproliferative activity of CD on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells¡]HT29 and HCT116¡^were tested and the inhibitory concertration of 50¢Mcell viability¡]IC50¡^is 5 £gg/ml¡]HCT116¡^ and 10 £gg/ml¡]HT29¡^determined by MTT(3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The caspase 3 and PARP cleavage experiment results indicated that CD induced apoptosis is dose dependent manner. We found that CD induced sub-G1 accumulation and reactive oxygen species(ROS) release by flow cytometry analysis. Pretreatment of N-Acetyl-L-cystine(NAC), an antioxidant agent, can reverse the anti-proliferation effect by CD. We found that CD induced loss of mitochondria membrane potentiol¡]£G£Zm¡^. We also analysis differentially expressed proteins by 2-D electrophoresis and find drug response proteins, e.g. HSP10, Profilin-1, Peroxindoxin-1. RT-PCR and western blot was performed to confirm the protein expression changes. It is interesting to reveal the role of these proteins in the colorectal cancinogenesis and anti-tumor drug response.

Thesis (M.S.)--Youngstown State University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-53). Also available via the World Wide Web in PDF format.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-98).

Apesar da importância econômica e ambiental que a madeira representa como fonte natural e renovável de energia e fibras, pouco é conhecido sobre os processos celulares, moleculares e bioquímicos envolvidos com a sua formação. Usando metodologias proteômicas como 2D-PAGE e espectrometria de massas foi iniciada a análise do proteoma do caule de Eucalyptus grandis em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento (5 meses, 3 anos e 6 anos). O presente trabalho baseou-se especificamente na idade de cinco meses. As plantas tiveram suas folhas, raízes e cascas removidas e seus caules foram macerados em almofariz com nitrogênio líquido e as proteínas extraídas pelo método de extração fenólica. As proteínas foram separadas por eletroforese bidimensional em fitas IPG com gradiente de pH imobilizado linear de 4-7 na primeira dimensão e gel de poliacrilamida (12,5%) na segunda dimensão. A coloração dos géis foi realizada com coomassie G250. Foram detectados 438 spots e um total de 168 spots foram retirados do gel, digeridos com tripsina e submetidos ao sequenciamento por espectrometria de massas através do sistema LCMS/ MS. O sequenciamento por MS apresentou uma eficiência de 72,02% possibilitando a identificação de 121 spots, enquanto que 35 (20,83%) não apresentaram homologia com nenhuma base de dados. Entre as proteínas identificadas 22 foram representadas por mais de um spot, podendo indicar a ocorrência e eventos provenientes do splicing alternativo, modificações pós-traducional, variações alélicas de uma mesma proteína ou degradação da amostra. Entre os spots analisados, 22,02% estão relacionados com a produção de energia, (17,86%) metabolismo, (13,69%) processes celulares, (0,60%) transporte, (8,33%) componentes estruturais, (5,36%) metabolismo macromolecular, (4,17%) proteínas putativas, (20,83%) não apresentaram homologia com nenhuma base de dados e (7,14%) não demonstraram resultado. A comparação realizada entre o volume de 59 proteínas e os seus respectivos transcritos demonstrou que não existe correlação entre mRNA e as proteínas do caule. O método possibilitou uma rápida e precisa separação e identificação das proteínas do caule de Eucalyptus grandis que são diferencialmente expressas durante a fase de crescimento de cinco meses. / The process of wood formation is an important economical factor for the forestry industry and it is also of ecological importance, although little is known about the proteins involved in wood formation. The sequencing, identification and analysis of proteins provides such information of wood formation. Using proteomics techniques such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry we have started a proteomic analysis of wood formation in Eucalyptus grandis at different stages of development (5 months, 3 and 6 years old). This work presents data related to the stage of 5 months. Using high resolution 2DE with linear pH gradient ranging from 4 to 7, a total of 438 spots were detected. However, only 168 spots were analyzed by LC ESIMS/ MS and 121 were identified (72.02%) while 35 (20.83%) presented no homology in the database used. Overall, 22 proteins appeared as multiple spots and accounted for most of the proteins found in the group. This observation may reflect post-translation modification, alternative splicing events, isozyme variation, allelic variation of the same protein, but also protein degradation. Over the 168 spots analysed, (22.02%) play a role in energy, (17.86%) metabolism, (13.69%) cellular processes, (0.60%) transport, (8.33%) structural components, (5.36%) macromolecular metabolism, (4.17%) putative protein, (20.83%) no homology and (7.14%) no result. For 59 proteins, the spot volume was compared with their respective transcript with mRNAs extracted from wood forming tissue. The method provided a faster and accurate tool for separation and identify of protein which are differentially expressed under different stages of development in Eucalyptus grandis.

Em bovinos, o sucesso no estabelecimento da gestação depende de interações entre o concepto e o útero. Tais interações ocorrem através de moléculas presentes no ambiente uterino. Falhas nesse processo causam 30-40% de perdas de gestação. As proteínas são constituintes desse ambiente e possuem um importante papel nesse processo. Objetivou-se na presente dissertação caracterizar o perfil protéico do ambiente uterino de fêmeas bovinas, ciclando ou prenhes, durante o período crítico, utilizando eletroforese bidimensional. O objetivo específico foi comparar a composição protéica de lavados uterinos obtidos in vivo, por sonda de folley ou post-mortem no dia 18 após o estro de vacas não inseminadas ou gestantes. Para a obtenção das amostras, 48 fêmeas bovinos tiveram seu ciclo estral sincronizado e foram alocadas aleatoriamente para receberem lavagens in vivo por sonda de folley (12 inseminadas e sete não inseminadas) ou para receberem lavagens post-mortem (12 inseminadas e cinco não inseminadas) no dia 18 após o estro. Após a coleta, os lavados foram processados e submetidos à eletroforese bidimensional. Os géis foram analisados utilizando o programa Image Master-2D ELITE V. 4.01 (GE Healthcare) para determinação do ponto isoelétrico (PI) e peso molecular relativo (PMR) das proteínas nos diferentes grupos e análise da densidade óptica. Foram selecionadas 178 proteínas presentes nos lavados. Em relação à distribuição das proteínas de acordo com o ponto isoelétrico, 74% (132/178) apresentaram PI entre 5,5 e 8, em relação ao peso molecular, 44% (79/178) das proteínas possuíam PMR menor que 50KDa enquanto 54% (95/178) entre 50 e 100KDa. Nos lavados realizados por sonda de folley (FC ou FP) foram selecionadas 151 proteínas, sendo 96 nos lavados de animais cíclicos e 86 nos prenhes. Os lavados realizados post-mortem (PMC ou PMP) apresentaram apenas 54 proteínas, das quais 24 estiveram presentes nos lavados PMC e 36 nos lavados PMP. Em relação ao estado reprodutivo 115 proteínas foram encontradas nos lavados dos animais cíclicos (FC ou PMC), enquanto 104 proteínas foram selecionadas nos lavados de animais prenhes (FP e PMP). Entre os lavados realizados por sonda de folley (FC e FP) 31 proteínas foram comuns entre os estados, enquanto entre os lavados realizados post-mortem (PMC e PMP) apenas seis proteínas estiveram presentes em ambos os lavados. Nos lavados realizados em animais ciclando (FC e PMC) cinco proteínas estiveram presentes em ambos os tipos de lavados, enquanto nos lavados realizados em animais prenhes (FP e PMP) 18 proteínas foram comuns em ambos os tipos de lavado. Entre os lavados FC e PMP ou FP e PMC, 15 e 6 proteínas, respectivamente, foram comuns. As proteínas presentes exclusivamente nos lavados de vacas prenhes, possivelmente estão envolvidas no diálogo materno-embrionário durante o processo de estabelecimento da gestação. Proteínas detectadas exclusivamente nos lavados obtidos via sonda de folley podem ser devidas ao influxo de proteínas do soro sanguíneo em resposta à manipulação do trato reprodutivo durante a obtenção dos lavados. Esperava-se uma maior efetividade dos lavados realizados post-mortem em relação aos realizados por sonda de folley. Entretanto os lavados obtidos por sonda de folley foram melhores por identificar um maior numero de proteínas, permitindo identificar diferenças maiores entre os lavados de animais ciclando e prenhes. Concluiu-se que a eletroforese bidimendional constitui um método adequado para avaliar quantitativamente o perfil protéico do ambiente uterino bovino e que tanto o estado reprodutivo quanto o método de obtenção de lavados uterinos modificam sua composição protéica. Novos estudos são necessários para se obter a seqüência de aminoácidos das proteínas localizadas para que se conheça sua identidade e função na gestação inicial de bovinos. / In the cattle, the outcome for the establishment of pregnancy depends on interactions between conceptus and uterus. These interactions occur through molecules presents in the uterine environment. Failure in this process causes 30-40% of loss in gestation. The proteins are component of this environment and have a important role in this process. The aim of this dissertation was to characterize the protein profile of the uterine environment in cows, cyclic or pregnant, during the critical period, using two-dimensional electrophoresis. The specific aim was to compare the protein composition of uterine washings recovered in vivo, through a folley catheter, with washings recovered post-mortem at day 18 after estrus of not inseminated or pregnant cows. To obtain the samples 48 cows had their estrous synchronized and here aleatoric put in the group to receive washings in vivo through the folley catheter (12 inseminated and seven not inseminated) or to be washed post-mortem (12 inseminated and five not inseminated) at day 18 after estrus. After the recover, the washings were proceeded and submitted to two-dimensional electrophoresis. The gels were analyzed using the software Image Master-2D ELITE V. 4.01 (GE Heathcare) to determine the isoelectric point (PI) and relative molecular weight (PMR) of the proteins presents in the different groups and analysis of the optical density. One hundred and seventy eight proteins were presents in the washings. The distribution of the proteins according to the PI, 74% (132/178) had PI between 5,5 and 8 and according to the PMR 44% (79/178) of the proteins showed PMR lower than 50KDa, while 54% (95/178) had PMR between 50 and 100KDa. In the washings recovered through the folley catheter (FC and FP) 151 proteins were selected, being 96 from the cyclic cows and 86 from the pregnant cows. The washings recovered post-mortem (PMC and PMP) showed only 54 proteins, from those 24 were present in the cyclic animals and 36 in the pregnant animals. According to the reproductive status 115 proteins were found in the washings from the cyclic animals (FC and PMC), while 104 proteins were selected from the washings of the pregnant animals (FP and PMP). Among the washings recovered through the folley catheter (FC and FP) 31 proteins were the same between the reproductive status. While in the washings recovered post-mortem (PMC and PMP) only six proteins were present in both washings. In washings done in the cyclic animals (FC and PMC) five proteins were presents in both kind of washings, while in washings done in the pregnant animals (FP and PMP) 18 proteins were the same in both kind of washings. Among the washings FC and PMP or FP and PMC, 15 and six proteins, respectively were the same. The proteins presents exclusively in the washings of the pregnant animals are probably involved with the embryo-maternal interplay during the process of pregnancy establishment. Proteins detected exclusively in the washings recovered through the folley catheter may be inflow of proteins from the serum, in response to the uterine manipulation during the process of washing. It was expected a better effect from the washings post-mortem than the ones through the folley catheter. However the washings from the folley catheter had a better result, because they identified a greater number of proteins which allowed identify greater differences between the washings from cyclic and pregnant animals. In conclusion, the two-dimensional electrophoresis is a adequate method to analyze the quantitatively proteins profile of the uterine environment in the cow and that both the reproductive status and the method to obtain the uterine washings modify the proteins composition. New studies are necessary to obtain the amino acids sequence of the proteins found so that we know their identity and function in the beginning of pregnancy in the cow.

Estudou-se o perfil de proteínas de plasma seminal de touros das raças Nelore (Bos taurus primigerus indicus) e Simental (Bos taurus primigerus taurus), criados a campo, em regime de acasalamento múltiplo e manejo extensivo, na região de Dourados/MS, a fim de analisar a relação entre estas proteínas e características ligadas ao desempenho reprodutivo de touros. Coletaram-se amostras de sêmen no período de inverno (Julho/2001) e verão (Fevereiro/2002), realizando-se inicialmente o exame andrológico nos animais, e em seguida a análise padrão do sêmen. O plasma seminal foi, então, submetido à dosagem de proteínas totais, à dosagem de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), para avaliação da ocorrência de lipoperoxidação, e à eletroforese bidimensional de proteínas. Para análise do perfil proteico de plasma seminal da cada raça, foram utilizados os seguintes parâmetros: comparação entre os períodos de inverno e verão; comparação de grupos de amostras separados de acordo com a quantificação de características ligadas ao desempenho reprodutivo (morfologia espermática, dosagem de proteína total e dosagem de TBARS); e comparação de grupos de amostras separados de acordo com classificações para avaliação da capacidade reprodutiva, previamente descritas na literatura (Breeding Soundness Evaluations – BSEs). Os touros da raça Simental demonstraram menor adaptação às condições ambientais tropicais, com valores mais altos de defeitos espermáticos maiores, proteína total e dosagem de TBARS no período de verão. Observou-se grande variabilidade no perfil proteico entre as raças Nelore e Simental e, dentro de cada raça, encontrou-se expressiva variação individual. O perfil de proteínas de plasma seminal de touros Nelore apresentou 155 spots, entre os quais 04 se destacaram como possíveis marcadores de características ligadas ao desempenho reprodutivo. Já na raça Simental foram identificados 248 spots, com destaque para 04 spots, que demonstraram maior potencial como marcadores de características de interesse para a reprodução. Os resultados mostram que o perfil de proteínas de plasma seminal está relacionado ao desempenho reprodutivo de touros, fazendo-se necessários maiores estudos sobre as proteínas que se destacaram como marcadores, a fim de identificar as funções que elas exercem no trato reprodutivo e nos eventos ligados à fertilização. / Seminal plasma proteins profiles from Nelore (Bos taurus primigerus indicus) and Simmental (Bos taurus primigerus taurus) bulls, used for multiple-sire breeding under range conditions, at Dourados/MS region, were studied aiming to analyze the relation between these proteins and traits linked to bulls’ reproductive performance. Semen samples were collected in the winter (July/2001) and summer (February/2002). Initially, an andrological examination was performed, followed by standard semen analysis. Seminal plasma was subjected to total protein quantification, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances quantification (TBARS, to evaluate lipid peroxidation), and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis. To analyze seminal plasma protein profile of each breed, the following parameters were used: comparison between winter and summer, comparison among groups of samples divided by quantification of traits linked to reproductive performance (sperm morphology, total protein quantification, TBARS quantification) and comparison among groups of samples divided by breeding soundness evaluations (BSEs), previously reported in literature. Simmental bulls showed lower adaptability to tropical environment conditions, with higher values of major sperm defects, total protein and TBARS in the summer. A great variability was observed in the protein profile between Nelore and Simmental breeds, and, for each breed it was found great individual variability too. Nelore seminal plasma protein profile presented 155 spots, 04 of which were considered potential markers for traits linked to reproductive performance. For Simmental breed, 248 spots were identified, with special interest for 04 spots, which showed higher potential as markers to reproductive characteristics. Results show that seminal plasma protein profile is related to bulls’ reproductive performance. Further studies about those proteins which are potential markers are needed, to determine their function at bulls’ reproductive system and in the events related to fertilization.