Angl. resumé

České resumé

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The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the parameters of the milk performance, reproduction indicators and health of Holstein cows that were raised on pasture. The data were obtained from 50 pure bred animals and its crossbreeds which had been grazed and the control group which was represented by 20 heifer which had been reared in stable. The evaluation of parameters was set on the first standardized lactation in the range of 240 to 305 days. The first lactation milk performance traits were: quantity of milk (kg), quantity and content of fat (kg; %), quantity and content of protein (kg; %). The fertility traits were: length of service period (days), insemination interval (days), age at first calving (days).

This work occupy with analysis of selected impact milk efficiency and fertility milk cow of herd of czech motley cattle in enterprise Šumavský statek Dlouhá Ves. Main selected impact are genotype, grazing of milk cow, age of first calve, duration of servis period, duration interlude and exterior of milk cow. From result emerge, the biggest impact milk efficiency had age during first calve, Heifer calve in later life had statistical verifiably higher milk yield at first and another lactations. Milk cowswhit lower part of blood of breed czech motley cattle had higher milk yield. In persue years was always reach the biggest milk yield during graze. Durations of servis period and interlude was identical with reached average of Czech Republic. At judge milk cow was find out positive correlational relations between exterior and average daily milk yield only at judge muscle and at judge udder. The enterprise have been anprofitable without provision of subsidy all year long 2012.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects selected for milk production, fertility and longevity in dairy herd of Holstein cattle (RED). Data processing for the thesis was collected from cows that ended the lactation period from 1 October 2012 to 30 September 2013, ie during the previous inspection year. From the reports were selected information on lactation, genotype, milk yield, meantime, service period, due to retirement, days of lactation and age at first calving for each cow separately. By tracking and a total of 274 cows Holstein cattle (RED) genotypes R1 (R88% or more), R2 (R76% - 87%) and R3 (R51% - 75%). There were statistically significant differences (P <0,05) milk yield of dairy cows with genotype R3, divided by lactation. When the third lactation had the highest yields (8,520 kg of milk). In the thesis was relationship between age at first calving and lifetime performance (rxy = -0,21). The relationship between age at first calving and age at retirement wasn´t demonstrated. Other differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The highest yield of dairy cows in the investigated group reached the second lactation (7571 kg of milk). The average time of insemination interval was 71 days, best service period amounted to dairy cows on the third and higher lactation (107 days). The average length of the interim reporting for dairy herd does not exceed the limit of 400 days. Shortest age at first calving cows reached genotype R1 and R2 (777 days). Longevity culled dairy cows in lactation was 2,8.

The aim of this bachelor´s thesis was to capture the basic behaviour categories in dairy cattle breeding cows in production stable in relation to their reproductive cycle. The research was carried out on four groups: after calving (12 pcs), between 1st - 3rd insemination (50 pcs), heavily pregnant (39 pcs) and cows in the dry period (32 pcs). The milk and combined utility type of dairy cows were housed in a large scale stable. Milk yield was monitored as a factor of milk performance traits. Milk yield of Holstein cattle (H) and Czech Fleckvieh cattle (C) were 35.10 kg and 30.88 kg (P>0.05) during increasing milk flow. In a group of dairy cows in insemination period Holstein and Czech Fleckvieh cows produced 31.16 kg of milk respectively 25.15 kg. The differences in milk yield were statistically significant (P0.01). In the group of heavily pregnant cows decreased milk yield in both Holstein and Czech Fleckvieh cattle to 18.18 kg respectively 17.31 kg of milk (P>0.05). The length of insemination interval (from the group of fertility traits) reached 75.57 days within group of dairy cows H and 67.82 days within group C. Service period of dairy cows H was 151.99 days and 152.25 days within dairy cows C (P>0.05). The length of feed intake was determined while differences in behaviour were being assessed between groups. In the group after calving took the feed intake 25.7 % days, in the group of dairy cows in insemination period 23.9 %, by heavily pregnant cows 25.8 % and by dairy cows standing in the dry period 29.6 % of total time. The length of standing achieved by the group after calving was 18.8 %, by the group of dairy cows in the insemination period 24.0 %, by heavily pregnant dairy cows 16.5 % and by dry cows 15.7 % of total time. The length of rest was by the group after calving 42.0 %, by the group of dairy cows in the insemination period 37.1 %, by heavily pregnant dairy cows 53.9 %, and by dry cows 53.2 % of total time. The average aggression in the group after calving reached a value 3.67 per one cow. In the group of dairy cows in the mating period increased aggressiveness on 4.68. In the group of heavily pregnant dairy cows fell the average to 0.33 and nearly the same was in the group of dry cows (0.38). The incidence of comfort behaviour in a group of cows after calving was for one cow 11.08. In the group of inseminated cows decreased significantly to 3.78. Other decrease was observed within the group of heavily pregnant dairy cows and by the group of dry cows too (1.44 or 1.28 per one dairy cow).

During two successive lactations in 2009 and 2010 the aim of the study was to determine and evaluate chosen milk quality and quantity parameters in the flock of purebred East Friesian (EF) ewes. Experiment occurred during two lactation periods and 35 ewes were included in experiment in 2009 and 45 ewes in 2010. Milk records and samplings were carried out five times during milking period from May to September. Individual milk samples were analyzed for: total solids (TS), fat (F), protein (P), casein (CN), whey protein (WP), lactose (L). In addition the samples from 20 ewes were analyzed for: pH, titratable acidity (TA), rennet clotting time (RCT), rennet curd quality (RCQ), somatic cell count (SCC) and urea (U). In the study the effects of lactation stage, parity, litter size and month of lambing on chosen parameters were evaluated, as well as their interactions with LS. In 2009 the lactation stage had a significant effect on daily milk yield (DMY), milk composition, pH and titratable acidity. The parity had a significant effect on P, WP, L and RCT. However the litter size had a significant effect on DMY, L, TA and U. The month of lambing had a significant effect on DMY, TS, P, CN, L and TA. In 2010 the lactation stage had a significant effect on on DMY, milk composition, pH, TA, SCC and RCT. The parity had a significant effect on TS, F, L and U. Nevertheless the litter size had a significant effect on L and the month of lambing had a significant effect on L and SCC. In 2010 the part aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of lactation stage on fatty acids composition. The LS had a significant effect on contents of all chosen fatty acids and their sums.

Problems of efficiency and fertility dairycows of holstein cattel herd in warious types of lairage.

The point of the work was to make an analysis of milk production an and fertility and to attest dependence of milk production and fertility in the holstein cattle herd. Background materials were acquired especially from milk production control and cattle accompanying documents. Data of 251 dairy cows were worked up. Big problem of the high producing dairy cows is the low fertility. That is why the work was focused on analysing of milk production and fertility index. Service period, insemination interval and interval were analysed out of the fertility index. Milk production, proteins and fats percentage content represent the efficiency. The results show the high selection of cows out of the herd. It result shows from a number of included heifers. Most frequent reasons of selection are health condition, low milk efficiency and fertility disorders. Average efficiency in control increases. On the other hand the protein contest in milk is weak. A breading aim 3,3% was achieved only in year 2003 (3,32%). Milk production increases from the first to the third lactation. Milk production is decreasing from the fourth lactation. Fat percentage content increases to the third lactation, then it stagnates. The protein content goes down with number of lactation. Required interval length to 400 days is exceed in all lactation. Service period is to high regardless of lactation number. Insemination interval increases to the third lactation, then it decreases, but it is nonconforming all the time. The results show that fat and protein content decreases with milk production. The high milk production was reached on cows calved in autumn (8920,77 kg) and in winter (9231,48 kg). Data of cows calved in spring and in summer are almost the same. The results evidence general rule, that fertility decreases with increasing milk production.