This master thesis deals with the measurement properties of ultrasound probes. Ultrasound probes and their parameters significantly affect the quality of the final image. Values of pa-rameters of the probes may change due to their use, because probes may be damaged and the final image may no longer be correct. For these reasons the measurements of parameters of probes are very important. In this master thesis there are described and implemented the possibility of measuring the spatial resolution, focal zone, the sensitivity of the probe and measuring the length of the dead zone. Two ultrasonic phantoms were used for measuring. In the practical part there was created the program called Mereni_parametru, which allows to determine the value of four parameters from captured images of the phantom. Further, there are listed and described measured values for five ultrasonic probes. Results for two of these probes are then compared with the parameters given by the manufacturers.

Image registration is widely used in clinical practice. However image registration and its~evaluation is still challenging especially with regards to new possibilities of various modalities. One of these areas is contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging. The time-dependent image contrast, low signal-to-noise ratio and specific speckle pattern make preprocessing and image registration difficult. In this thesis a method for registration of images in ultrasound contrast-enhanced sequences is proposed. The method is based on automatic fragmentation into image subsequences in which the images with similar characteristics are registered. The new evaluation method based on comparison of perfusion model is proposed. Registration and evaluation method was tested on a flow phantom and real patient data and compared with a standard methods proposed i literature. The second part of this thesis contains examples of application of image registration in~ophthalmology and proposition for its improvement. In this area the image registration methods are widely used, especially landmark based image registration method. In this thesis methods for landmark detection and its correspondence estimation are proposed.

This thesis deals with the possibilities of determining perfusion parameters of vascular system, using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging, which is non-invasive method. Properties of ultrasonography and use of contrast agents are briefly summarized. The methods selected for perfusions analysis were Bolus-tracking¬¬, Burst-replenishment and both of them combined – Bolus&Burst. Parametric models based on these methods were created for modelling an approximation of set perfusion parameters with the use of blind deconvolution.

The diploma thesis deals with a structural and technical survey of the surviving cellar of the German House in Brno. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the theoretical description of the constructions, methods performed and their evaluation concerning the investigated space. The aim of the survey is to determine the strength characteristics of the masonry and on their basis to propose appropriate rehabilitation and structural protection.

This thesis deals with the inspection and construction-technical survey of the highway bridges D2-058..1 and D2-058..2. These structures ale located on the border with the Slovak Republic and were built in 1980. The thesis is focused on the substructure of this long overpass, because of its major failures caused by leaking water. Theoretical part contains information about construction-technical surveys of the bridges, bridges inspections and theory of ultrasound methods. That method has been used in the practical part for identification of the damage extent. Also, material property have been verified and overall condition of the substructure has been evaluated.

Introduction: Internal Carotid Stump Syndrome may be one of the possible causes of ischemic stroke (iCMP), as well as retinal infarction (RI). Syndrome of the occluded internal carotid (ACI) (stump syndrome) is a nosological unit, which is characterized by an onset of ipsilateral iCMP or RI of thromboembolic ethiology in patients with occlusion of ACI via the externa carotid or arteria ophthalmica. In my thesis, I have concentrated upon the specification of the stump syndrome, its diagnostics and treatment; furthermore I have assessed the appropriateness of surgical approach in comparison with conservative approach. Material and methods: A total of 621 patients with occlusion were treated in two centres in the course of five years. In a group of 40 patients, the ACI occlusion was detected sonographically, the length of the occluded ACI being >5 mm, with normal vasoreactivity based upon SPECT CO2 and excluded cardiogenic cause of iCMP. The patients were divided in two groups - surgical and conservative. Patients were monitored in 6-month intervals for the total period of four years. Results: No RI or iCMP were detected in the surgical group; one patient died six months after surgery. We observed one case of amaurosis fugax in the conservative group. Conclusion: Ultrasound examination is a fully sufficient...

Ultrasound investigation is one of meaningful imaging at present. Advantages of ultrasound are, that it hasn´t side effects as a rtg radiation and it is noninvasive. Ultrasound diagnostic is exploited in all branch of medicine (urology, cardiology, orthopeadist, gynecology etc.) to display organs, tissues and cavities of the human body. We use display in 2D, 3D and most modern display in 4D. We can encounter with many kinds of artifact. Artifacts are described more closely at 3rd chapter. Speckle noise deteriorates informative yiled of ultrasound picture. We try to remove speckle noise by simpler methods or more complex methods of filtration. These methods are described at 5th chapter. Programme for speckle filtering from pictures is part of this master´s thesis.

Master thesis deals with the study of ultrasound. The first part of this work is devoted to basic physical principles, imaging modes, ultrasound probes, biological effects and the last part is associated with the artifact associated with ultrasound waves. In the next part the specific noise called speckle noise is detaily discussed. The description includes both a mathematical and a statistical view. Several methods are described to eliminate this noise. In the practical part the described methods are realized and compared based on objective and subjective evaluation.

The master thesis is focused on the principle of ultrasonographs and their modes, and ways of denoising data obtained by ultrasonographs. This project will also concentrate on removing the speckle noise, because the speckle noise has the largest share of the noise in the measured data in ultrasonographs. The other main objective was to describe advanced methods of filtration, especially the modifications of the median filter, such as the modified hybrid median filter and modification of the anisotropic diffusion, namely generalizing Perona-Malik anisotropic diffusion using restricted dissimilarity functions. These two filters were tested on images with artificial noise and on data captured using the ultrasound system GE VingMed System FiVe. Also, the program for filtering and display filtered ultrasound data captured by GE VingMed System FiVe is described.

Introduction: Internal Carotid Stump Syndrome may be one of the possible causes of ischemic stroke (iCMP), as well as retinal infarction (RI). Syndrome of the occluded internal carotid (ACI) (stump syndrome) is a nosological unit, which is characterized by an onset of ipsilateral iCMP or RI of thromboembolic ethiology in patients with occlusion of ACI via the externa carotid or arteria ophthalmica. In my thesis, I have concentrated upon the specification of the stump syndrome, its diagnostics and treatment; furthermore I have assessed the appropriateness of surgical approach in comparison with conservative approach. Material and methods: A total of 621 patients with occlusion were treated in two centres in the course of five years. In a group of 40 patients, the ACI occlusion was detected sonographically, the length of the occluded ACI being >5 mm, with normal vasoreactivity based upon SPECT CO2 and excluded cardiogenic cause of iCMP. The patients were divided in two groups - surgical and conservative. Patients were monitored in 6-month intervals for the total period of four years. Results: No RI or iCMP were detected in the surgical group; one patient died six months after surgery. We observed one case of amaurosis fugax in the conservative group. Conclusion: Ultrasound examination is a fully sufficient...