This thesis is focused on the methodes of crushing kidney’s concrements with continual wave for the frequency 27 kHz and the intensity of ultrasound 10 W/cm2. The main aim is design of the ultrasound head with layer converter and design circuitry. First part of this work describes physical principle of ultrasound, ultrasound waves and methods by which could be remove kidney’s concretions. Practical part of this work is focused on compreshive design of ultrasound crushing system. In the introdiction is analyzed the proposal of applicator and the next step decscribing proposal excitation generator. The work contains results of simulation which was done on proposal curcuit, drawings of scheme, list of components and drawing of PCB.

Tato práce se zabývá návrhem ultrazvukového odstraňovače zubního kamene pracujícím na frekvenci 27 kHz s maximální intenzitou ultrazvuku 5W/cm2. Popisuje mechanismus vzniku zubního kamene, důsledky na zdraví a metody jeho odstraňování. Zaměřuje se na principy odstraňování s využitím ultrazvukového vlnění. Dále je sestaveno funkční a blokové schéma. Na základě těchto znalostí je proveden návrh a výpočet jednotlivých částí aplikátoru. Výkonové a napěťové poměry jsou vypočítány od aplikačního hrotu směrem ke generátoru. V neposlední řadě je popsán návrh obvodů buzení měniče i kontrolních obvodů. Schémata jsou doplněna výkresy desek plošných spojů a soupiskou součástek.

This thesis describes the design and realization of an ultrasonic distance meter. Is discussed about the principle of distance measurement using ultrasound and all physics laws, that occur during the measurement. It was selected the most appropriate measurement method, was also discussed about different types of ultrasonic transducers and was selected an appropriate converter for the specified task. The following part describes all function parts of the meter together with the processing of the detected ultrasonic signal. Next part is focused on the realization of the meter and programming, including the control of the graphical display and communication over the USB bus. The last part deals with the measurement with the completed meter to verify the functionality and the right choice of measurement method and circuit solution.

This thesis focuses on the research of an effect of ultrasound and nanoparticles on cancer cells. In the literature search there the applications of ultrasound field in the interaction with aplication of metallic nanoparticles to viability of cancer cells are described, on the basis of in vitro experiments‘ performance. The purpose of metallic nanoparticles‘ application should be a possible reinforcing of its antitumor effect thanks to the presence of ultrasound field. In next part of the literature search there are included the technical performance of devices, their indications and contraindications, parameters of ultrasound fields and application of metallic nanoparticles. The metallic nanoparticles have been becoming a part of the human’s life more and more, that is why it’s necessary to deal with these miniature particles at a higher level. The aim of this thesis is to suggest the ways of resolution based on the principle of sounding of cells with the ultrasound field of suitable parameters and in combination with the application of metallic nanoparticles with a successive performance of the cell viability tests. The viability was determinated by the MTT assay test. Another part of this work is the measurement of parameters of this zone by means of a submersible needle hydrophone, for a better understanding of the ultrasonic zone. In the final part of this work there is necessary the statistical evaluation of the measured data of the experiments carried out and the discussion of the results obtained.

This diploma thesis resolves aplication of particular non-destructive testing methods while producing castings of steel wheels and quality control of this process. There are described fundamentals of flaw detection, determination of flaw-generation cause and suggestions for optimalization of casting process and increasing of its quality.

Ultrasound imaging is widely used in medical examination. However, the interpretation of images is not trivial and requires much experience. In this thesis, various techniques for enhancement of visual quality of ultrasound images are presented. Several basic and advanced methods that may simplify the visual diagnosis are described. Finally, an interactive application is designed and implemented for simple usage of presented methods.

The content of this thesis is to understand the principle of ultrasound imaging and mathematical models used to estimate perfusion parameters of concentration curves. Thesis deals with global optimization algorithms for finding parameters, an approximation of the actual data model curves. It also includes a comparison of different methods and used functions.

The goal of this work was to create a method for improving the dispersion of silica fumes for use in high performance concrete. Traditional methods used to design and manufacture high performance concrete emphasize the removal of coarse aggregates. Use of specially sorted fine aggregates at relatively low doses, the use of super-plasticizers and siliceous excrement. The low water content was achieved by using superplasticizer on a polycarboxylate basis. The standard ultrasound technology found in each laboratory was selected for the dispersion of silica fume. For experiments were we used dry silica fume powder and aqueous stabilized suspension. For comparison, were prepared different mixtures which showed the effects of the treatment prior to the use of silica fume.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá vlivem zaplňovacích činidel na interakce v systému DNA-tenzid. DNA o velikosti 4017 párů bází byla připravena polymerázovou řetězovou reakcí, jako templát byl použit plasmid pSB-E1g. Polyetylen glykol (PEG) byl použit jako zaplňovací činidlo a jeho vliv na DNA-tenzid interakce byl zkoumán experimenty založenými na fluorescenci a gelové elektroforéze. Také byl studován vliv iontové síly za použití NaBr na interakce DNA-tenzid za použití zaplňovacího činidla. Data byla vyhodnocena a evaluována v této práci. V úvahu byl brán i možný vliv polyetylen glykolu na kritickou micelarní koncentraci (CMC) tenzidu, bylo provedeno měření CMC pomocí ultrazvuku s vysokým rozlišením, avšak nebyl zjištěn žádný značný vliv zaplňovacího činidla na CMC tenzidu. Část této práce bude zahrnuta v publikaci s anglickým názvem Combined role of macromolecular crowding and cationic surfactant in efficient DNA condensation.

This diploma thesis is related to peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC), the role of nursing staff in inserting and care of these systems. The aim of the work, which is partly based on PICC project organized by the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, was to investigate the quality of life in patients with PICC after their insertion, to evaluate the incidence of complications (venous thrombosis, bacteraemia, sepsis, local infections, decubitus, disconnection of the system, mechanical complications, etc.) and compare the economic efficiency of PICC systems with other available methods. The aim of the second part of the thesis, which is unrelated to the previously mentioned project, was to reveal the awareness of nurses/paramedics on PICC catheter. This thesis has two traditional parts - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part deals initially with the central venous catheter in general and then it describes main features of the PICC systems. The following part reviews indications, insertion techniques and potential complications associated with the PICC systems. The role of nursing staff in the insertion and maintenance of these systems is also highlighted. The...