Drilling bit optimization is one the key concepts in drilling engineering.It is considered as one f the economical factors in an overall well budget.Computers are strictly used as decision-making systems in the optimization calculations.Formation parameters are easily processed according to drilling bit selection criteria by the help of computer programs.Although computer program is an interface by which user makes computer some jobs,database is another important part of this necessary decision-making systems.Data is stored and can be modified in the database.Also necessary calculations can be accomplished by database so that results of these calculations and data can be reached by the computer programs.In this study,a database,holding field data is designed and a computer program calculating necessary parameters and related excel file holding output are prepared.Although mostly lowest costper foot is preferred and there isn&#039 / t an absolute method for choosing optimum bit,this design can be helpful in selection period.

Thesis (M.S.)--Purdue University, 2004. / Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va., 2004. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-80). Also available online.

No description available.

Systems Engineering was applied to Terraset, a school underground, heated and cooled via the sun. The Systems Engineering process (since it occurred after design) consisted of Needs Analysis, Functional Analysis, Test Requirements Analysis and System Life Cycle Cost Analysis. The school had never been Systems Engineered and the processes revealed a long list of requirements still lacking. The results of the thesis are applicable to a new design taking place at the Burke Center Elementary School. / M.S.

No description available.

This thesis investigates pressure stimulated voltages (PSVs) in manmade and geological materials using a field capable and commercially viable electric potential sensor (EPS) technology. Sensing technologies are of great importance for the structural health monitoring (SHM) of manmade and geological structures and are critical for improving the health and safety of humans and infrastructure. A wide variety of sensing technologies are needed to assess damage over structures. Work by others involves measuring pressure stimulated electrical emissions (PSEs) (i.e. the study of pressure stimulated voltage, electric field and current) that are related to acoustic emissions (AEs) in rock and cement mortar, and also mechanical properties. Although these studies yield promising results, the measurement tools (laboratory electrometers and electromagnetic emissions (EME) antennas) are not suitable for field use. This is predominantly because of the need of Faraday shielding to reduce noise, plus the impracticalities and high costs associated with using laboratory instruments for SHM. However, the EPS developed at the University of Sussex is capable of measuring PSVs in rocks and is field capable. In this thesis, PSVs in rocks and man-made materials were measured using two EPS variants. An existing capacitively coupled sensor was used to measure high frequency (25.5 mHz to 750 kHz) transient PSVs associated with cracking. In addition, a novel directly coupled smart EPS was developed for monitoring low frequency (DC to 250 Hz) PSVs associated with applied stress. A signal conditioning and data reduction procedure was developed for PSV emissions analogous to methods used for AE. A new robust method for measuring PSV was established in which cylindrical material specimens were instrumented with strain gauges, piezo transducers and EPSs to measure strain, AE and PSV respectively and a force transducer was used to measure the applied load. The results showed that PSVs were detected in a wide range of piezo and non-piezo rocks and for the first time in concrete, in the range of millivolts (0.32 mV – 1180 mV). Faraday shielding the experiments was not necessary as with other PSE monitoring technologies. For oven dried materials there was some degree of correlation between PSV high frequency transient signals and AE (i.e. cracking). Rocks had cross-correlation coefficients ranging from 0.13 to 0.86, and the cross-correlation coefficient for concrete (0.24) was lower than most rock lithologies. Environmental conditions and the stage of uniaxial deformation of materials influence PSV-AE cross-correlations. Water or saline saturation of materials generally reduced the PSV-AE cross correlation coefficients. During the cyclic loading of various rock lithology, a work hardening effect was observed in the PSV emissions analogous to the well-known Kaiser and Felicity effect of AE. A likely reason for the PSV-AE correlations is that PSVs are generated by the movement and separation of fresh charged fracture surfaces. EPS could be a cost effective and more advanced technology for detecting cracking in structures and in combination with piezo transducers, could be used to identify material deformation stages. There was a linear relationship between applied stress and DC/low frequency PSV in piezo rocks (r2 = 0.84) but not non-piezo rocks (r2 = 0.0063). The piezoelectric effect of quartz is the most likely generation mechanism behind the PSV-stress relationship. The novel, directly coupled, smart EPS is a successful design as it has the necessary high input impedance and low noise characteristics for measuring PSVs noninvasively at low frequencies. EPS could be the first non-invasive technology for in-situ stress measurement in quartz bearing rocks; current methods involve disturbing the rock mass and are expensive to implement. In conclusion, the results show that the EPS-PSV measurement technique is viable for the SHM of rocks and concrete. Although, factors such as material composition, environmental condition and type of material deformation influence PSV characteristics and would need to be accounted for in real world applications. Future directions for the research would involve the development of a “real time” PSV event detection system for long term monitoring of structures for SHM applications. Additionally, large scale testing of different material samples in different environmental conditions and the testing of larger structures using arrays of EPS would be necessary before commercialisation. Future commercialisation could result in a restively coupled broadband monolithic semiconductor EPS being developed for SHM to monitor PSVs associated with applied stress and cracking events simultaneously. This would produce a more cost effective and advanced tool than existing technologies, such as piezo transducers for monitoring AE and in-situ stress monitoring techniques.

In mining industry, waste storage is a very prominent issue / in this respect, safety of storage structures is one of the leading problems in the industry. Most of the tailings dams require remedial measures, throughout their lifespan to increase their reliability. The objective of the study is to investigate stability problems of formerly constructed but newly raised Eti Copper Mine tailings dam and alternative dam geometries for future raises. Plenty of methods were developed to analyze the reliability of structures / limit equilibrium methods, finite element methods and finite difference methods are among them. In this case, stability of the dam was analyzed with finite element method under static loading conditions. In order to determine input parameters properly, disturbed samples obtained at the field investigations were used. For this purpose, several laboratory experiments were conducted to determine natural moisture content, grain size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, maximum dry density and shear strength parameters of tailings and embankment material.

With the developments in computer technology, the numerical methods are used widely in geotechnical engineering. Finite element and finite difference are the most common methods used to simulate the behavior of soil and rock. Although the reliability of these methods are proven in several fields of application over the years, they are not equally satisfactory in every case and require sophisticated constitutive relations to model the discontinuous behavior of geomaterials since they assume the material is continuum or the location of discontinuum is predictable. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) has an intensive advantage to simulate discontinuity. This method is relatively new and still under development, yet it is estimated that it will replace of the continuum methods largely in geomechanics in the near feature. In this thesis, the theory and background of discrete element method are introduced, and its applicability in bearing capacity calculation of shallow foundations is investigated. The results obtained from discrete element simulation of bearing capacity are compared with finite element analysis and analytical methods. It is concluded that the DEM is a promising numerical analysis method but still have some shortcomings in geomechanical applications.

Dynamic behaviour of gravity and cantilever retaining walls is investigated by finite element method, incorporating the nonlinear elasto-plastic material properties of soil and seperation of the wall and backfill. Two dimensional finite element models are developed employing the finite element software ANSYS. The wall is modelled to rest on a soil layer allowing translational and rotational movements of the wall. Soil-wall systems are subjected to harmonic and real earthquake motions with different magnitude and frequency characteristics at the base. The maximum lateral force and its application point durinG dynamic loading are determined for each case. It is observed that the frequency content of the base motion has a significant influence on the dynamic lateral soil pressures and the lateral forces considerably increase as the base motion frequency approaches the fundamental frequency of the soil layer. The maximum lateral thrusts calculated by finite element analyses are generally found to be greater than those suggested by Mononobe-Okabe method and experimental findings. Nevertheless, the locations of the application point obtained by finite element method are found to be in good agreement with the results of experimental studies.

In this study, settlement and seepage behavior of Muratli Dam, which is the first asphalt faced rockfill dam in Turkey, is investigated for the &ldquo / end of construction&rdquo / and &ldquo / reservoir impoundment&rdquo / loading conditions. Two dimensional plane strain finite element analyses are carried out in order to determine the total stresses, displacements and pore water pressures. Hardening soil model is used in order to represent the non-linear, inelastic and stress dependent behavior of rockfill material. Material model parameters are selected mainly referring to the previous studies on the dams consisting of similar materials and then back analyses are done to find the best fit. Calculated stresses, displacements and pore water pressures are compared with the observed values for both end of construction and reservoir filling conditions.