<p>This report is about how to decide which method is the most suitable as floor covering at project</p><p>Klammerdamm in the centre of Halmstad. The covering has to be fire resistant and soundproof in</p><p>order to protect the wood structure and stop noise from traveling between apartments. There are</p><p>two possibilities either traditional gypsum board or gypsum-based self leveling underlayment.</p><p>The roads around the construction site are narrow. A regular twenty-five meter long truck has no</p><p>possibility to reach the site. The construction site is small and the storage area is limited. Good</p><p>planning is one condition, among many others, that has to be fulfilled to make this project doable.</p><p>All relevant parameters has been taken into account and analyzed with a decision model.</p>

This report is about how to decide which method is the most suitable as floor covering at project Klammerdamm in the centre of Halmstad. The covering has to be fire resistant and soundproof in order to protect the wood structure and stop noise from traveling between apartments. There are two possibilities either traditional gypsum board or gypsum-based self leveling underlayment. The roads around the construction site are narrow. A regular twenty-five meter long truck has no possibility to reach the site. The construction site is small and the storage area is limited. Good planning is one condition, among many others, that has to be fulfilled to make this project doable. All relevant parameters has been taken into account and analyzed with a decision model.

An experimental study was carried out on a single-ply low-slope roof using a series of different underlayment layers to test and understand distributional characteristics of negative air pressure throughout the roof assembly, when subjected to suction pressure corresponding to different wind speeds. Various underlayments were tested at the Research & Demonstration Facility at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University to develop design guidelines for the installation of recently developed omni-directional roof vent on low slope membrane roofing systems. The newly designed and patented low-pressure roof vent works on Bernoulli and Venturi air flow principals and helps prevent uplift and detachment of the roofing membrane during storm or high wind conditions by creating a negative pressure zone underneath the roof membrane. The objective of this research is to further develop the Pressure Equalizing Vent System by testing the wind vent in combination with different underlayments and to determine the appropriate tributary area of each vent under dynamic wind conditions. The determined area of influence of each wind vent therefore serves as a guideline for appropriate spacing of the vents on the roof. It will also suggest the wind speed at which the pressure is lowered and its ability to weather storm events. The pressure sensors permanently installed beneath the membrane will continuously monitor the pressures in and around the wind vent. An additional objective of the research project is to understand the distributional characteristics of negative pressure in various layers of roof assembly in combination with varying underlayment membranes under different suctionals pressure to further develop the Pressure Equalizing Vent System. The proposal seeks to develop a cost effective roof assembly method, which can withstand the effect of extreme wind through improved understanding of air movement through different layers of roof assembly. The study explores the effect of various underlayments on spatial and distributional character of pressure field on the single ply flat roof deck in combination with omni-directional roof vent system. / Master of Science

Pour améliorer la durabilité des voies ferrées, il a été introduit sur la LGV BPL (Bretagne- Pays de Loire), une couche bitumineuse sous ballast, destinée entre autre à diminuer l’amplitude des accélérations produites par le passage des TGV, ce qui est une cause majeure du tassement de ballast. Afin d'étudier les réponses dynamiques des différentes structures, trois sections avec sous couche bitumineuse, et une section avec sous couche granulaire de la voie BPL ont fait l’objet d’une instrumentation, avec suivi à distance des mesures. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est d’analyser et de modéliser la réponse des sections instrumentées, et de comparer leur comportement durant la phase de montée en vitesse puis durant la phase d’exploitation commerciale. Les résultats ont indiqué un bon comportement des sections bitumineuses. La comparaison des accélérations obtenues sur les différentes sections a confirmé l’effet positif de la couche bitumineuse sur la stabilité de la voie. Sur la base des mesures de la phase de montée en vitesse, des modélisations de la réponse mécanique des sections de la LGV BPL à l’aide du logiciel ViscoRail ont confirmé la fiabilité du logiciel à reproduire le comportement mécanique des structures. Les mesures de température, de teneur en eau, et de tassements verticaux ont également confirmé le bon comportement saisonnier des structures bitumineuses. Enfin, une extension de ViscoRail est mise en place, pour comparer l’effet de différents types de semelles sous rail, linéaire et non linéaire, sur la réponse de la voie. / To improve railways durability, it has been introduced on the HSL BPL (Bretagne-Pays de Loire), a bituminous layer under ballast, intended among other things to reduce the amplitude of the accelerations produced by highspeed trains circulations, which is a major cause of ballast settlement. In order to study the dynamic responses of the different structures, three sections with bituminous underlayment, and a section with a granular sub-layer of BPL track were instrumented. Measurements are monitored remotely. The objective of this thesis is to analyze and model the response of the instrumented sections, and to compare their behavior during the speed up phase and during the commercial service phase. The results indicated good behavior of bituminous sections. The comparison of the accelerations obtained on different sections confirmed the positive effect of the asphalt concrete layer on the stability of the track. Based on the speed up phase measurements, modeling the mechanical response of the various HSL sections using ViscoRail has confirmed the software’s reliability to reproduce the mechanical behavior of railway structures. Temperature measurements, water content and vertical settlements have also confirmed the good seasonal behavior of bituminous structures. Finally, an extension of ViscoRail is put in place, to compare the influence of different types of rail pads, linear and nonlinear, on the response of the track.