This study is about a mapping of the Swedish Defense Staff's focus area for information gathering regarding the Soviet military capability, based on their military build-up in Estonia during the fall of 1939 and the spring of 1940. Relevance for this study is found in the research gap identified in previous research and intends to be able to produce a deeper understanding of the defense staff's view of the military-strategic significance of the Soviet Union's military build-up. This study also deals with the defense staff's need for information gathering and how they attacked and handled challenges. The material in this study consists of archives from the Defense Staff's intelligence department where documents have been analyzed through a qualitative text analysis using hermeneutics as a basis. The theoretical standpoint is based on a cultural analysis of military organizations, that is operationalized using two theoretical concepts. One is future orientation which measures the extent to which a military engages in future-oriented actions such as planning and investing in the future. The second is uncertainty avoidance and measures the extent to which a military relies on rules and procedures to reduce the unpredictability of future events. The conclusions drawn in this study shows that regarding the Soviet military capability the focus was primarily on studying the establishment of Soviet bases in Estonia, in particular the location of the bases. Observations and assessments were also carried out regarding its military strategic importance, such as a more favorable naval strategic position for the Red Fleet where the possibility of operations to certain areas of the Baltic Sea, including Sweden, seemed likely. The conclusion can also be drawn that, of all things, the attachés' continued intelligence gathering was of great importance to the Defense Staff. The interpretation of the material suggests that the defense staff had a culture with a high future orientation, and overall, also a high uncertainty avoidance.

The thesis aims to understand the motivation of sources in Human Intelligence gathering. Todo this, three autobiographies of three former sources are analyzed where they write about theirlives as sources. To understand the sources' motivation two theories are used, Abraham H.Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Harney's theory. Maslow's theory is based on Developmentalpsychology and Harneys on categorizations of types of police sources Harney encountered as afederal agent. Through the analysis, themes in motivation such as community and securityreappear. Motivation turns out to be about being appreciated for the work you do, belonging toa group, contributing to society, and financial stability. On the other hand, understanding thedifference in what the motive versus motivation can be for the sources seems to require a closerand deeper understanding of the sources' personalities.

Intelligence organizations and their operations are by their nature secretive and want to continue as such. This problematizes research around them and especially intelligence cooperation with other countries can be considered among the most secret parts of an intelligence organization. This is put in the context of the essay where Sweden and Finland have a long and extensive historical relationship. That relationship also includes military aspects with volunteer soldiers and even today with the joint decision to apply to NATO. Previous research on Swedish intelligence gathering and intelligence cooperation in Finland has been sparse and scattered in larger works that have focused largely on the Swedish intelligence organization and its operations. The purpose of the essay is twofold. One is to map the Swedish intelligence gathering in Finland by C-byrån and see how it changed during the course of the war. The second is to highlight and discuss the intelligence cooperation between the Swedish and Finnish intelligence services. Since the purpose is twofold, two different theoretical frameworks and researchers' thoughts will be used. The first is Agrell's thoughts on different types of intelligence, which will be used to analyze what is obtained in Finland. The second is Michael Herman's thoughts on intelligence cooperation, which will be used to explain and discuss the Swedish-Finnish intelligence cooperation. The method chosen for this essay is a qualitative text analysis with a close reading of reports carried out. The essay will also contain elements of quantitative methods in the form of a table and figures to more easily visualize some of the results. The end result of this essay is that the C-byråns intelligence gathering in Finland changed in volume and type of intelligence during the course of the war. Within the intelligence cooperation, it is established that the cooperation was at its greatest and in clarity during the Finnish Winter War. After the Finnish Winter War cooperation decreased and became discreet, then returned during the Lapland War in clarity. Intelligence cooperation with the Finnish intelligence service became a method of approach and a professional exchange for the C-byrån to obtain intelligence on active war experience of how Soviet troops fight and their tactics.