Thesis (B.S.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 2009. / Also available online. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 26-27).

The ceramic trade throughout Medieval Southeast Asia was prolific. Terrestrial sites have yielded massive amounts of ceramic material and the archaeological reports of shipwreck cargoes corroborate the versatile and extensive qualities of trade ceramics in the region. The sheer quantity of ceramic artefacts found in shipwreck assemblages, paired with a well-researched framework of the aesthetic, demonstrates that we rely heavily on ceramic data to date wrecks and establish regional trading patterns. While ceramics typically represent the bulk of the recovered material in these instances, many other types of material are present in the various assemblages. Yet these "lesser" materials suffer from a lack of investigation and, therefore, play virtually no role in the archaeological and historical assessment of the ship, its cargo, and its relationship to the maritime economy of the period. While ceramic studies may provide a general overview, a consideration of the other material provides subtlety and nuance to the analysis. This case study focuses on the non-ceramic assemblages for six shipwrecks from the 14th and 15th Centuries of Southeast Asia (three Chinese-built and three Southeast Asian-styled junks). The typological study of the metallurgical, organic and geological material from these wrecks can complement much of the work surrounding existing trade models as well as reveal new concepts of crew life, belief systems and culture. These facets come together to offer a more holistic narrative as well as stimulating the need within the region for more study regarding the locations where past peoples mined and manufactured raw metals. The thesis will also consider the motivations behind the excavators of these projects and what role this plays in the interpretation of the non-ceramic material. One wreck was excavated by treasure hunters, one was done by an amateur archaeologist and a curator, and a third was excavated by a governmental organization. Two excavations were conducted by a non-profit foundation in conjunction with a National Museum and a final one was a purely academic excavation. Each party brings their own experiences and motivations to the excavation and therefore the systems of collection, curation, and conservation weigh heavily and are varied. These factors can determine what priorities each excavator brings to the analysis of excavated objects and the extent to which this effects the subsequent interpretation of the shipwreck.

Orientador: Pedro Paulo Abreu Funari / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T02:45:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fontolan_Marina_M.pdf: 5220616 bytes, checksum: d7ca6ba2642a56247d0e9cfe0f1bb766 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem, como objetivo, entender as construções de gênero representadas em fotografias publicadas em obras sobre Arqueologia Subaquática. Em outras palavras, a ideia é notar de que forma foram construídos noções de femininos e masculinos ao longo do desenvolvimento da Arqueologia Subaquática. Assim sendo, é um estudo que integra os mais variados aspectos teóricos do pós-modernismo. Afinal, parte-se do pressuposto de que a imagem, independente de sua natureza (desenho ou fotografia) é uma construção permeada de poderes e subjetividades. Uma leitura ligada aos estudos de gênero nas diversas imagens publicadas em obras sobre Arqueologia Subaquática vai mostrar como as formas de se entender de que forma os masculinos e os femininos foram construídos e se alteraram com o passar do tempo, ao longo do desenvolvimento deste ramo da Arqueologia. Assim sendo, é um estudo que engloba não apenas questões relacionadas às teorias de gênero, mas também à História da Arqueologia / Abstract: This thesis aims at the study of gender construction in images publish in books on Underwater Archaeology. In other words, the idea is to observe how the notions of femininities and masculinities were constructed within the development of Underwater Archaeology. This study gathers various theoretical post-modernism aspects. After all, it presumes that both images (regardless of its nature) and gender relations are imbued with interests and subjectivities. An analysis that relates gender studies and images published in Underwater Archaeology books will produce a discourse on how masculinities and femininities changes through time. Thus, this study unites question regarding both gender theory and History of Archaeology / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestra em História

The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether fishing in southern Scandinavia may have created conditions for a sedentary lifestyle. This would contradict the current image of the Early mesolithic as dependent on hunting subsistence. The image of Early mesolithic as dependent on hunting subsistence is in a dichotomous relationship in contrast to Late mesolithic fishing subsistence, which leads to fishing amongst Early mesolithic cultures being overlooked. A dichotomous relationship has also appeared between the mesolithic and neolithic way of life, where the mesolithic attributes as nomadic hunter-gatherers are in contrast to sedentary neolithic farmers. Underwater archaeology has not until recently focused on Early mesolithic settlement. Recent discoveries in the south-eastern Sweden can indicate that fishing would have been a more central part of the Early Mesolithic society than previously assumed.

Human occupation of the New England region of North America during the early Holocene has long been established archaeologically. However, the data exists almost solely from terrestrial sites. Vast portions of aerial land once available to early occupants of the area for resource procurement and living surfaces are now submerged. Underwater pre-Contact resources embedded in these submerged landforms will undeniably contribute to a holistic understanding of New England's cultural history. Examination of current archaeological procedures reveal that the archaeological standards, practices, and theories commonly employed in terrestrial archaeology are largely not being extended past the coastline into the underwater environment. This is due, in part, to the past history of professional skepticism regarding the preservation and accessibility of terrestrial archaeological deposits post-Holocene sea level rise. A report of global, submerged, terrestrial archaeology projects that show submerged, intact resources challenge this skepticism. A detailed review of an underwater survey in Boston Harbor, designed to predict, locate, and investigate submerged pre-Contact sites, is used as a case study to argue that these resources deserve the same rigorous study as terrestrial archaeological resources. Post-glacial deposition may act as an agent of preservation in New England waters, and past concerns of transgressive erosion are discussed in light of current geophysical research. Recommendations of how and why submerged pre-Contact archaeological resources should become commonplace within archaeological inquiry are supported by advances in technology, increased geophysical survey of the marine environment and knowledge of the prevailing laws governing archaeological resources underwater.

Η σύγχρονη υφαλοκρηπίδα διατηρεί πολύτιμα αρχεία καταγραφής της ανθρώπινης ιστορίας, ως συνέπεια της επίκλυσης της θάλασσας σε μεγάλο τμήμα της χέρσου μετά το τέλος της τελευταίας παγετωνικής περιόδου. Επιπλέον, ο θαλάσσιος πυθμένας βρίθει ενδείξεων για τις ναυτικές δραστηριότητες του παρελθόντος, συχνά σε βάθη που ξεπερνούν το ανώτατο όριο αυτόνομης κατάδυσης. Οι θαλάσσιες γεωφυσικές μέθοδοι εφαρμόζονται με επιτυχία στην ενάλια αρχαιολογία, καταργώντας τους περιορισμούς και απλοποιώντας σημαντικά τις συμβατικές μεθόδους υποβρύχιας έρευνας. Συγκεκριμένα, χρησιμοποιούνται στον ακριβή εντοπισμό σε οποιοδήποτε βάθος και στη λεπτομερή χαρτογράφηση σε σύντομο χρονικό διάστημα (α) αρχαίων ναυαγίων και (β) καταβυθισμένων ανθρωπογενών κατασκευών και παλαιοακτών στην επιφάνεια του πυθμένα ή θαμμένων κάτω από χαλαρά ιζήματα. Μέσω αυτών επιτυγχάνεται η παλαιογεωγραφική ανάπλαση παράκτιων περιοχών. Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζονται τα προκαταρκτικά αποτελέσματα της θαλάσσιας γεωφυσικής έρευνας που πραγματοποίησε το 2012 το Ε.ΘΑ.ΓΕ.Φ.Ω. του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών στον κόλπο Caska της νήσου Pag στην Κροατία, με τη χρήση τομογράφου υποδομής πυθμένα 3.5kHz υψηλής διακριτικής ικανότητας και ηχοβολιστή πλευρικής σάρωσης E.G&G 272TD διπλής συχνότητας (100 & 500 kHz), στο πλαίσιο του γεω-αρχαιολογικού ερευνητικού προγράμματος “Cissa Antiqua” που διεξάγει το Πανεπιστήμιο του Zadar σε συνεργασία με το Centre Camille Jullian (CNRS). Στις σεισμικές τομογραφίες αναγνωρίστηκαν τρεις σεισμικές ενότητες πρόσφατων ιζημάτων πάχους 12μ. που επικάθονται στο ήπια πτυχωμένο γεωλογικό υπόβαθρο. Σύμφωνα με τη σεισμική στρωματογραφία και τη σύγχρονη παράκτια γεωμορφολογία της περιοχής, προτείνεται η ύπαρξη συνθηκών απόθεσης γλυκού και υφάλμυρου νερού πριν από τη σταδιακή επίκλυση της θάλασσας στον κόλπο της Caska κατά το Ολόκαινο. Επιπλέον, τα τελευταία 2.000 χρόνια διαπιστώνεται στην περιοχή μια επεισοδιακή συν-σεισμική καταβύθιση. Τέλος, η ταξινόμηση με το λογισμικό TargAn και η στατιστική ανάλυση των στόχων που αναγνωρίστηκαν στην επιφάνεια του πυθμένα, ανέδειξε έξι στόχους πιθανού αρχαιολογικού ενδιαφέροντος που προτείνονται για οπτική επαλήθευση. / Marine geophysical techniques can be successfully applied to underwater archaeology, speeding up survey and making it possible to detect features of archaeological interest lying on the seafloor or embedded in sediments even beyond conventional diving limits. There are two general approaches regarding the application of these techniques in underwater archaeology: they are being used to identify, locate and map (a) ancient shipwrecks and (b) submerged sites of archaeological interest (ancient settlements, ports, man-made structures and palaeo-shorelines), thus enabling the palaeogeographic reconstruction of coastal areas. The applicability of marine remote sensing techniques in underwater archaeology is high-lighted through the current study case. In the framework of the geo-archaeological research project “Cissa Antiqua”, directed by the University of Zadar and Centre Camille Jullian (CNRS) a detailed marine remote sensing survey was carried out by the Laboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography of the University of Patras in Caska bay, Pag island, Croatia. The data collected by high resolution 3.5kHz subbottom profiling and towed E.G&G dual frequency (100 & 500kHz) side-scan sonar system have been analysed for the objectives of this study. According to the 3.5kHz profiles, the upper 12m of sediments consist of three distinct seismic sequences overlapping the gentle folded acoustic basement. The results of the seismic data in correlation to the present coastal geomorphology of the area suggest that these sequences correspond to phases of inundation by brackish water, before sea-water flooded the gulf, as consequence of the rapid sea-level rise of the Holocene. Furthermore, archaeological and geological data of the area suggest an episodical co-seismic submergence during the last 2 kyrs. The side-scan sonar survey revealed a large number of targets lying on the seafloor. Six of them have been selected by TargaAn software as targets of potential archaeological interest.

Menos estudados que os sítios de naufrágios, porém não menos importantes, os sítios depositários são notáveis fontes de documentação arqueológica. A Enseada da Praia do Farol da Ilha do Bom Abrigo, localizada no litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo, é um ótimo ancoradouro natural, um sítio depositário por excelência formado a partir da utilização social desse pequeno espaço geográfico. Esse processo de utilização-ocupação, de longa duração, vem ocorrendo desde o início do século XVI e é o principal responsável pela formação do registro arqueológico submerso. Adotando método de pesquisa com utilização de técnicas pouco interventivas, o que se mostrou bastante eficaz, conseguiu-se buscar, registrar e identificar diversos artefatos submersos, perdidos ou descartados, no leito da enseada. A partir dos achados foi possível realizar diversas inferências a cerca da relação existente entre o homem e esse ancoradouro não edificado, mas totalmente inserido na história da navegação feita ao longo da costa sul paulista. / Less studied than the shipwreck sites, however not less important, the depository sites are remarkable sources of archaeological documentation. The Cove of the Lighthouse Beach in Bom Abrigo Island, located on the south coast of São Paulo state, is a excellent natural anchorage, a depository site par excellent, formed from the social use of the small geographical space. This process of \"use-occupation\", of long duration, has been occurring since the beginning of 16 th century and plays the main responsible of formation of the archaeology submerged record. Adopting method of research with minimally intrusive techniques, which demonstrated effective result, was able to search, to register, and to identify various sunk artifacts, loss or discarded, in the bottom of the cove. From the findings, inferences could then be made regarding the relationship between man and this not built maritime anchorage, but fully inserted in the history of navigation made along of the south coast of São Paulo.

This dissertation addresses how Paleoindians used the karst drainage of the Aucilla River in northwestern Florida during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition (approximately 15-10,000 14C yr B.P.). I take a geoarchaeological approach to discuss Paleoindian land use by first defining the Late Pleistocene and Holocene geological record, and then by creating a model of site formation processes in the Aucilla River. Both underwater and terrestrial fieldwork were performed. Underwater fieldwork consisted of hand-driven cores and surface survey, vibrocoring, underwater 1 x 1 m unit excavation, and controlled surface collection. Terrestrial fieldwork consisted of shovel and auger test pits. Seventeen cores were collected from five different submerged sinkhole sites, which were used to select two sites for further study: Sloth Hole (8JE121), which had been previously excavated, and Wayne's Sink (8JE1508/TA280), which was recorded but not formally investigated. Five vibrocores and two 1 x 1m units were used, with previous research, to define the geological and geoarchaeological context of Sloth Hole. Fifteen vibrocores, six 1 x 1 m excavation units, and ten 1 x 1 m surface collection units were used to define the geological, geoarchaeological, and archaeological context of Wayne's Sink. A combination of 130 shovel and auger test pits was used to define the geological, geoarchaeological, and archaeological potential of the terrestrial landscape. Five new Holocene-aged terrestrial sites were recorded. All of these data were evaluated with archival data from previously-excavated sites to create models of site formation and Paleoindian land use in the lower Aucilla Basin. This research shows that there have been four major periods of sinkhole infill in the lower Aucilla basin. The first occurred prior to the Last Glacial Maximum, with each sinkhole containing peat deposits that date in excess of 21,000 calendar years ago (cal B.P.). These peats are overlain by sandy colluvium that dates to approximately 14,500 cal B.P. The colluvium is overlain by clays that contain evidence for soil formation. These soils vary in age, with radiocarbon dates of approximately 14,500-10,000 cal B.P. These clays are directly overlain by peats dating to 5,000-3,500 cal B.P., which are overlain by peats and clays that date to 2,500-0 cal B.P. Intact Paleoindian and Early Archaic deposits are possible in the late Pleistocene soils.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Flinders University, Dept. of Archaeology. / Typescript bound. Includes bibliographical references: (leaves [247]-278) Also available in electronic format.

Menos estudados que os sítios de naufrágios, porém não menos importantes, os sítios depositários são notáveis fontes de documentação arqueológica. A Enseada da Praia do Farol da Ilha do Bom Abrigo, localizada no litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo, é um ótimo ancoradouro natural, um sítio depositário por excelência formado a partir da utilização social desse pequeno espaço geográfico. Esse processo de utilização-ocupação, de longa duração, vem ocorrendo desde o início do século XVI e é o principal responsável pela formação do registro arqueológico submerso. Adotando método de pesquisa com utilização de técnicas pouco interventivas, o que se mostrou bastante eficaz, conseguiu-se buscar, registrar e identificar diversos artefatos submersos, perdidos ou descartados, no leito da enseada. A partir dos achados foi possível realizar diversas inferências a cerca da relação existente entre o homem e esse ancoradouro não edificado, mas totalmente inserido na história da navegação feita ao longo da costa sul paulista. / Less studied than the shipwreck sites, however not less important, the depository sites are remarkable sources of archaeological documentation. The Cove of the Lighthouse Beach in Bom Abrigo Island, located on the south coast of São Paulo state, is a excellent natural anchorage, a depository site par excellent, formed from the social use of the small geographical space. This process of \"use-occupation\", of long duration, has been occurring since the beginning of 16 th century and plays the main responsible of formation of the archaeology submerged record. Adopting method of research with minimally intrusive techniques, which demonstrated effective result, was able to search, to register, and to identify various sunk artifacts, loss or discarded, in the bottom of the cove. From the findings, inferences could then be made regarding the relationship between man and this not built maritime anchorage, but fully inserted in the history of navigation made along of the south coast of São Paulo.