My study is a sub-study of the Resilient Youth in Stressed Environments (RYSE) Project (ethics clearance, UP17/05/01). The RYSE project focuses on gaining a more thorough understanding of the resilience of youth living in communities that are dependent on the petrochemical industry, as well as the associated risks. The purpose of my qualitative sub-study was to explore how older adolescents from the eMbalenhle community explain resilience in the face of unemployment. The current literature tends to be reliant on academic understandings of resilience. In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of resilience, it is important to recognise the perspectives of resilience of adolescents who live in a highly stressed environment that is confronted by multiple risks. In order to achieve the purpose of my study, I assumed an interpretivist approach. This approach is appropriate for developing an understanding of adolescents’ individual experiences and perceptions of resilience in a petrochemical community and in the face of unemployment. To guarantee that my question was answered, I utilised a phenomenological research design. The RYSE Project has established a Community Advisory Panel (CAP), and the CAP purposively sampled the participants involved in my study. Seven adolescents (all male) between the ages of 18 and 24 were recruited from eMbalenhle in the Govan Mbeki municipality in Mpumalanga. An Arts-based activity (draw and talk) and an informal group discussion were used to generate data. An inductive, thematic analysis of the data was conducted in order to identify themes. Ungar’s (2011) Social Ecology of Resilience Theory (SERT) provided the theoretical framework for my study. The main themes that emerged from the data, regarding resilience enablers among adolescents in the face of unemployment, were: Having a vision, appropriating opportunities, and drawing on social support. The themes that arose from the adolescents’ explanations of resilience support the SERT. I think these themes are important for educational psychologists who work with adolescents challenged by unemployment in eMbalenhle because they highlight the importance of social support and community in interventions. In addition, these themes provide possible individual strategies, from the perspective of adolescents, that could allow for positive adaptation despite adversity. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Educational Psychology / MEd / Unrestricted

The cantes of this theis is dealeing with problemes of unemployment in the district of Brno - venkov. There are analyzed factors affecting unemployment structure of expectanes from various categories aspects. This theis also indudes proposed solution and speasures the sould lead to reduing the level of unemployment.

This dissertation is submitted to the Faculty of Humanities in partial fulfilment of the Master of Arts in Labour Policy and Globalisation at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , 2019 / NG (2020)

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Nigeria is indisputably blessed with both human and material resources. With 74 million hectares of arable land, the country has enormous potential to meet its rising food demand while tackling the challenge of youth unemployment. However, harnessing these opportunities will require the active engagement of the youth in agriculture. Through innovation and entrepreneurship, young people are better positioned to transform the sector for greater productivity and growth. It is therefore not surprising that agriculture is considered one of the most strategic sectors to be exploited in creating employment for young Nigerians. This study is an original research work which explored youth agricultural entrepreneurship as a vehicle for employment creation in Nigeria.

Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Applied Master of Arts (MA) Clinical Psychology in the Department of Psychology Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, 1996. / In recent years, the rate of unemployment in South Africa has been steadily increasing. In 1990, it was 28 %. This percentage excluded the TBVC states and employment in subsistence agriculture which is characterised by a cyclical form of employment. In 1993 and 1994, a number of industries closed and retrenchment took place in some companies as a rationalisation strategy. This resulted in retrenchment of more than 50 000 workers excluding more than 21 000 retrenched before January 1993. The level of unemployment among Blacks is six times higher than that of whites which is 6.4 % according to the South African Living Standard and Development (Democracy in Action, 1996). In general, more women are unemployed than men. Unemployment has been linked to a number of negative psychological consequences and physical health effects including loss of self-esteem, severe depression, loss of social status, alcohol abuse, suicide, minor psychiatric morbidity and the probability of being identified as a psychiatric patient or a client. In this study the researcher focuses on unemployment and its psychological correlates: depression and low self-esteem. The aims of the study were to determine the existence of any statistically significant relationships between unemployment, depression and low self-esteem and to determine whether depression and low self-esteem are significantly related to such personal variables as age, gender, duration of unemployment and marital status. The researcher administered the questionnaires to unemployed respondents seeking employment in Unemployment Insurance Fund Offices in Johannesburg and employed respondents working at Ngwelezane Hospital, Empangeni and Portnet, Richards Bay. The study failed to find a statistically significant relationship between unemployment and either depression or low self-esteem. Both unemployed and employed respondents had similar depression and self-esteem scores. About 20.5 % and 10.3 % of unemployed and employed respondents respectively were not depressed. About 78.2 % and 89.5 % of unemployed and employed respondents respectively were mild to moderately depressed. Only 1.3 % on the unemployed respondents were severely depressed. About 41.1 % and 33.3 % of unemployed and employed respondents respectively had low self-esteem. About 58.9 % and 64.1 % of unemployed and employed respondents respectively had mild to moderate self-esteem. Only 1.3 % of the employed respondents had high self-esteem. Personal variables such as age, gender, duration of unemployment and marital status were not found to be statistically significantly related to depression and self-esteem scores obtained by the unemployed respondents. Both unemployed and employed respondents gave their experiences of being unemployed in terms of thoughts, feelings and acts. Their experiences are not different from those highlighted by other researchers with the exception of thoughts of prostitution. Their experiences ranged from loss of trust, hopelessness, helplessness, boredom, financial hardships, dependency, frustration, stigma, poverty, loss of confidence, loss of friends, unhappiness, inability to meet children's needs and to pay for their school tuition, thoughts of house breaking and stealing, to optimism and hopefulness. The researcher made the following recommendations: • Further longitudinal studies on psychological effects of unemployment that include all racial groups should be conducted. • Self-help groups that are coordinated by such mental health professionals as psychologists and social workers should be designed in the communities in order to cater for the needs of the unemployed groups. • Counselling and psychotherapy should be provided in the form of crisis intervention and brief short-tern psychotherapy to help individuals and families with debilitating symptoms associated with unemployment. • Vocational guidance material should include material on job-seeking skills. / Human Sciences Research Council

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No Abstract Provided. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

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The thesis deals with problems of unemployment and security of persons who have to face the difficulties of this social event. The decisive impulse for this topic's elaboration was particularly its high topicality and the effort to compare the regulation of the issues in terms of two different legal cultures. The aim of this work is to describe and assess the legal framework of the welfare in unemployment in the Czech republic and Great Britain. Taking into account that unemployment means all-society problem that need to be viewed comprehensively, the work is conceived to analyze the problem from the wide range of the perspective. The thesis is composed of the introduction, the main part and the conclusion. The main part is divided into eight chapters. Chapter One explores the conception and typology of unemployment, analyses its influence on individual and also examines groups of people who are at risk of unemployment especially. Chapter Two describes the evolution and possible causes of unemployment which can contribute to increased rate of unemployment in the Czech republic. Chapter Three is dealing with the concept of the right to work and its enshrinement in the international, European and national sources of law. Chapter Four examines employment policy and its measures which seeks to strike a...

There is a growing literature studying unemployment dynamics by means of worker flow data between labor market states. This paper contributes to this literature stream by analyzing the dynamics of the Austrian unemployment rate applying novel worker flow data for 2005-2016. Our main results can be summarized along two dimensions: First, we show that worker flows between unemployment and inactivity are major determinants of unemployment fluctuations in Austria. Second, we show for the working-age population that the contribution of male worker flows to the overall variation of the unemployment rate is higher, but that this relation turns when it comes to the youth cohort. The gender differences are probably related to the early occupational and educational segregation of young men and women in Austria. The paper concludes by stressing a strong need for further empirical and theoretical research which aims to link structural differences in an economy with different responses to the business cycle. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series