This doctoral thesis contains three essays on the macroeconomic impact of inflation targeting: (1) Inflation-targeting regime, as a framework for monetary policy conduct, has been adopted by central banks in thirty countries. Some of these countries enjoy high incomes while others have middle incomes. In contrast to the development-based classification –often applied in the literature, thus ignoring income disparity– this study employs income-based classification in constructing the data sample. The objective is to investigate, using a panel of middle-income countries, whether inflation targeting is a good remedy for high inflation. In addition to the commonly used covariates in the literature, this study also includes in its covariate matrix the worldwide governance indicators as proxy for institutional quality. The findings exhibit a significant reduction of inflation and its volatility among the inflation-targeting adopters compared to the non-adopting middle-income countries. The results are robust to the exclusion of high inflation episodes, and to using the alternative measures of inflation. The results are also robust to the post-estimation sensitivity tests recommended for such empirical analysis. (2) Many economists acknowledge the paramount role that foreign investment plays in fostering economic development and growth via integrating economies around the globe. Studies have shown that foreign investment, particularly foreign direct investment (FDI) is attracted to countries that exhibit good governance, low uncertainty and a high degree of macroeconomic stability. The literature also argues that monetary policy under inflation targeting (IT) mitigates uncertainty, enhances governance and brings macroeconomic stability to the adopting countries. Hence, it would seem that the IT-adoption should enable the adopting countries attract the largest FDI inflows. To verify this conjecture, this study performs a comparison between the IT-adopting countries and the non-adopters in attracting FDI. Using a panel of OECD and middle-income countries, the empirical findings exhibit an interesting but contradicting pattern: when it comes to the OECD countries, the results show that the IT-adopters do better than the non-adopters in attracting the FDI inflows. For the middle-income countries, however, the IT-adoption appears to have the opposite effect: a significant reduction in the FDI inflows is witnessed among the IT-adopters compared to their counterparts. The results are robust to the post-estimation sensitivity tests. (3) Inflation targeting, as a monetary-policy framework, is said to promote economic efficiency and growth. Yet, when evaluating the macroeconomic performance of inflation-targeting regimes, the existing literature only emphasizes the dynamics of inflation and the costs associated with taming inflation. There is hardly any assessment of the claim of efficiency and growth. To fill this gap, and to measure the causal impact of inflation-targeting adoption on economic efficiency, we compare the dynamics of output growth and long-term unemployment between countries that have adopted inflation targeting and the non-adopting countries. Our findings seem to refute the efficiency claim, and paint a bleak picture of inflation targeting: when compared to the countries that did not adopt inflation targeting, there is a significant reduction in the average growth rate among the inflation-targeting adopters by over ½ percentage point. Additionally, long-term unemployment significantly rises among the inflation-targeting countries by almost 2 percentage points as compared to the non-adopters. These results are robust to both the exclusion of the outlier observations and to the sensitivity tests recommended for such analysis.

Cette thèse propose une analyse novatrice des différences de niveau de chômage entre les hommes et les femmes, en tenant compte, en plus du taux, d'autres dimensions importantes de la question qui ont des répercussions en matière de bien-être pour les individus et la société dans laquelle ils vivent. Elle se compose de trois chapitres contributifs.Le chapitre II propose une extension de la mesure des différences de niveaux chômage entre les hommes et les femmes sur la base de l'indice de Shorrocks. Cet indice prend en compte, en plus du taux de chômage, de la durée moyenne et de l'inégalité dans la distribution des durées de chômage. Le chapitre III part des résultats du chapitre II et propose une analyse purement empirique de l'écart entre les sexes dans le chômage en France. Il examine en outre les différences entre les sexes dans le taux de chômage, la durée moyenne de chômage et la distribution des durées de chômage. Le chapitre fournit également une analyse de la réduction des écarts entre sexes dans le chômage, ainsi qu'une analyse comparative de trois différentes méthodes de décomposition: Yun, Taylor décomposition et Oaxaca. Le chapitre IV présente une analyse de la différence entre les sexes dans le nombre d'épisodes de chômage (vulnérabilité face au chômage) et la distribution de ces épisodes dans la force de travail (répartition inégale de la perte de bien-être engendrée par le chômage). L'importance de la question réside dans le fait que le chômage répétitif peut causer un travail moins bien rémunéré et des emplois précaires et donc conduire à la pauvreté et à l'exclusion sociale. / The thesis provides a novel analysis of the differences in unemployment between males and females, taking into account, in addition to the rate, other important aspects of unemployment that have welfare implications for both individuals and the society where they live. It consists of three contributive chapters.Chapter 2 proposes a measurement of the differences in unemployment between males and females based on an index by Shorrocks. The latter is estimated by quarter for France during the period 2003:1 to 2008:3 using three different methods: synthetic cohort method, Salant's method and a method using directly the interrupted durations. The first method uses the interrupted durations to obtain an estimate of the distribution of completed durations while the Salant method do the same but assume that the labour market is in a steady state. Chapter 3 builds from Chapter 2's results and proposes a purely empirical analysis of the gender gap in unemployment in France. It examines in addition to the gender differences in the unemployment rate, the gender differences in mean duration and distribution of durations. The chapter also provides a comparative analysis of different methods of regression-based decomposition. It finishes with an analysis of the reduction of the gender gap in unemployment in France between 2003 and 2008 Chapter 4 provides an analysis of the gender difference in the number of unemployment spells and the distribution of these spells across the labour force. The importance of the matter relates to the fact that a repetitive unemployment may cause lower paid work and unstable jobs and therefore lead to poverty and social exclusion.

The main goal of this diploma thesis was to find similarities and differences in the development of two basic macroeconomic indicators GDP and the unemployment rate. Indicators were analyzed quarterly. Development of Inflation, government spendings, scheduled tax charges, influence FDI on productivity of labour, were taken as relevant factors in the development of analyzed indicators.

This thesis analyses the labour market in the region Pardubice and unemployment in this region. The introduction part describes the main chapters with the assigned target and what the thesis will be about. Theory is being explained by fundamentals terms like labour market, unemployment, unemployment rate. Unemployment is also connected to the psychological and sociological aspects. The characteristics of Pardubice region are being described and the city of Pardubice is being proved as a place with special position in this region. In the city of Pardubice, there is a survey made by the author. The survey is focused on observating behavior of respondents in their current jobs or behavior in eventually searching for a new job in this city. The survey is also interested in the respondent's opinions on the Employment Agency as a public institution.

This thesis is concerned with increasing of employment through active labour market policy. It focuses on two countries - Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. Thesis describes theory of unemployment, it deals with historical base of labour market policy, as well as with particular actions of labour market policies of both considered countries. After that, main tools are analyzed, there are described advantages and disadvantages of particular actions, as well as whole active labour market policy approach. Recommendations for both countries are followed. Finally, thesis deals with European social fund.

This paper concentrates on a labour market and an unemployment solution in the Písek county. The basic characteristics and division of unemployment, labour market and unemployment policy are described in the opening part. The following chapter is dedicated to a socioeconomical characteristic of the region. After these two chapters there follows the analytical part which is devided into 3 chapters. The first one focuses on a labour market in the Písek county, the offer of jobs and the enquire of them and available jobs. The chapter called "The unemployment int the Písek coutny" is dedicated mainly to a registred rate of unemployment then e.g. to a segmentation and a structure of enemployed and a development of a salary. The fifth chapter concentrates on the active policy of unemployment. The tools of policy and their use by a job office in Písek are described there. The last chapter is focused on the industrial zone in Písek, which employes most people in the whole region.

This diploma thesis focuses on migration policy in the Czech Republic since 1989. The main objective is to analyze benefits and on the other hand negatives associated with the employing foreign workers. At the beginning of this thesis, there is briefly described a development on Czech labor market since 1989. Then the rest is focused on an actual situation on Czech labor market. There is a definition of a law scope connected with employing foreigners, what they have to do, what kind of visa they need, etc. Another section is focused on reasons, why foreigners come to work to the Czech Republic and in which sectors their labor is mostly used. One paragraph is also dedicated to projects that are focused on helping foreigners with the integration. The evaluating part deals with the pros and cons of employing foreigners and possible solutions that could improve that situation in the future and the final part is focused on the Czech inhabitants coming to work to foreign countries.

The thesis concentrates on sources of unemployment in the district of Bruntál and social groups, which are threatened by long-term unemployment and discrimination on the labour market. The first chapter is concerned to methods and interpretation basic terms. A practical part is focused on analyses of the labour market and the employment policy in the district Bruntál. The following chapter deal with a socio-economic and demographic characteristic of the region.

The aim of this work is to revise unemployment in Slovakia during the years 2001-2009. First, the unemployment during this time period will be specified, then the causes of its beginning. Second, certain indicators of unemployment and relations among those indicators will be analyzed. And third, positive and negative impacts of changes in unemployment and steps of lowering the rate of unemployment will be described. Finally, author's own point of view concerning this whole problem will be presented.

Thesis deals with a very actual issue of unemployment of the young generation in the European Union. The essential part is devoted to the analysis of development, causes and context of the high unemployment rate in the European Union. Another part of my thesis is comparison of conditions for the young people in the labour markets of seven member states of EU. The main objective is to find out which measures are effective, this goal is achieved in the third and fourth chapters, in which I introduce the main strategies and initiatives and other EU practicable steps.