Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. S.)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. / Dr. Athanasios Nenes, Committee Chair ; Dr. Amyn Teja, Committee Member ; Dr. Rodney Weber, Committee Member.

The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on November 17, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Yong Volz. Includes bibliographical references.

Lithic scatters are the most abundant class of evidence relating to Late Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic activity in southern Britain. Many such scatters, especially those from surface and ploughsoil contexts, have long been characterised as being of low-interpretive value and have been marginalised both in academic studies of the periods and in the wider context of protecting and managing the historic environment. This vast body of evidence makes little contribution to contemporary understandings of the LUP and Mesolithic, which remains largely informed by work which privileges the investigation of well-preserved sites with in situ lithic scatters, especially those with associated faunal remains and palaeoenvironmental evidence. This has serious implications for our ability to characterise and interpret activity in locations and regions where such well preserved and intensively investigated sites are lacking, and in many areas of the country policy makers, fieldworkers and curators are not equipped with the information necessary to make informed decisions concerning the investigation, management and protection of the archaeology of these periods. This thesis explicitly address these issues through a detailed case study of the lithic scatter record from a study area in eastern England. This study is based around a comprehensive database of reported lithic scatters, assembled from a wide range of published and unpublished sources and encompassing all kinds of scatters, from well preserved and exhaustively analysed in-situ scatters to poorly provenanced collections of lithics amassed in the late 19th and early 20th century. This thesis provides the first comprehensive synthesis of the Late Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of the study area and explicitly assesses the interpretative potential of the lithic scatter record, in terms of how it can be used both to develop narratives of landscape occupation and to inform future work on, and management of, lithic scatters in the study area and beyond.

An ionospheric topside sounder is a high frequency radar system that is located above the ionosphere, ideally on-board a polar orbiting satellite to provide global coverage. The previous eight satellite sounders have measured the critical frequency of the F2 ionosphere region using traditional swept frequency methods. The most expensive part of these missions however is considered to be the large network of ground support stations required for collecting and processing data. This information has been invaluable in improving our global understanding of the upper ionosphere and the accuracy of critical frequency maps used by HF radio engineers to calculate communications routes and the optimum frequencies for early warning OTH radars. A new technique for the direct detection of critical frequency has been developed, which is called the 'Dispersion Method'. Real data from previous sounders is used in the development and verification of this method. This sounder will not only provide traditional lonograms but detects critical frequency and spread echoes directly from the dispersion of a returning radar pulse. This new method does not use traditional lonograms with their inherent processing complexity and is an order faster than any previous sounder. The 'Dispersion Method' therefore resolves the problems encountered with the past topside sounder missions and produces large quantities of real time data autonomously when required. Previous sounding satellites had little memory capacity, no on-board processing capability, required large antennas and transmitters on satellites with a mass of between 150 and 250 kg. This meant power requirements of about 60 watts per orbit average. A feasibility study to place a third generation topside sounder into low Earth orbit on a 50 kg microsatellite with an orbit average power capacity of only 20 watts has been successfully completed.

In stroke rehabilitation, the assessments of the severity of stroke that are based on objective and robust measurements are the key to improve the efficacy of the rehabilitation efforts. It is essential, therefore, to complement the existing tools, where the assessments are partly relied on therapists’ subjective judgements, with a tool that can quantify important indicators of stroke recovery. One such indicator is the level of spasticity. The reliability of the current methods of measuring the severity of spasticity can be significantly improved by incorporating a feasible way to measure muscle forces and activations during stroke assessment. However, most of the present methods of estimating muscle forces require input parameters that are difficult to obtain in a clinical setting. A musculoskeletal arm model has been developed to bridge the gap between the domains of muscle forces estimation and stroke rehabilitation assessment. The project is divided into three stages. In the first stage, a biomechanical arm model that computes the joint torques with kinematic data from sensors is developed. The model has three features that eliminate the need for parameters that are difficult to obtain thus making it a feasible tool in clinical settings. The first is the use of a hybrid method that combines the data from sensors and a shoulder rhythm model to compute the orientation of the shoulder complex. The second is a method to compute the elbow joint angles without the need to compute the ambiguous carrying angle. The third is a method of estimating the inertial properties using published data, scaled by parameters that can be easily measured. The musculoskeletal properties of the human arm are added to the model in the second stage. The muscle model consists of 22 muscles that span from the thorax via the shoulder and the upper arm to the forearm. The muscle path is defined using Obstacle Set method where the anatomical structures are modelled using regular-shaped rigid bodies. Dynamics of the muscle is computed based on the Hill’s type muscle model that consists of an active contractile element, a passive parallel element and a series element. Due the difficulties in defining the moment arms, an optimization routine is designed to compute the optimal moment arms for each muscle for a subject. The muscle-sharing problem is solved using optimization which minimises the square of sum of muscle stresses. The muscle activation predicted by the model is compared to EMG signal for validation. In the final stage of this project, the model is used in the application of spasticity assessment. The tonic stretch reflex threshold (TSRT) which is an indicator for the severity of spasticity is computed using the model. Fifteen patient subjects participated in the experiments where they were assessed by two qualified therapists using Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and their motions and EMG signals were captured at the same time. Using the arm model, the TSRT of each patient was measured and ranked. The estimated muscle activation profiles have a high correlation (0.707) to the EMG signal profiles. The null hypothesis that the rankings of the severity using the model and the MAS assessment have no correlation has been tested, and was rejected convincingly (p ≈ 0.0003). These findings suggest that the model has the potential to complement the existing practices by providing an alternative evaluation method.

No description available.

Numerous small linear moraines occur in Upper Hat Creek valley, British Columbia. The ridges lie transverse to the axis of the valley. They are, upon average, 1000 feet (305 m.) long, 8 feet (2.4 m.) high, and spaced 130 feet (40 m.) apart. Their profile is asymmetrical, with a steeper proximal slope. The alignment of a-axes of pebbles in the till is transverse to the moraine crest, regardless of the orientation of the crest with respect to the direction of regional ice movement. The dip of the pebbles is in the direction of the surface slope, however, it is less than the slope on the proximal side and greater than the slope on the distal side. The Hat Creek moraines form an extensive system of push moraines, deposited during the retreat of the last ice sheet. During the winter, a slight readvance of the glacier pushed the ablation moraine of the previous summer into a ridge along the ice front. The ridge was not overridden by the ice. Therefore, the asymmetry of a simple push moraine was maintained. During the subsequent ablation season the moraine was isolated from the retreating ice margin. The next winter's readvance rarely extended as far as the previous ridge, thereby preserving the moraines. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

The genesis and characteristics of the Timpanogos, Hillfield, and Sterling soils and an unnamed Mollisol (soil formed on north- slope) on the east part of Cache Valley were studied in order to determine (1) why the soil morphology is not chronologically related to the geomorphic surface and (2} why different soils have developed on these surfaces , even though the soil forming factors appear similar. The particle size distribution of the upper horizons of the Timpanogos, Hillfield , and unnamed Mollisol pedons are relatively similar . These soils developed from stratified deposits with granulimetric composition in which 75 to 90 percent of the grains are less than 100 micrometers in diameter , characteristic of wind-blown material. Development of an incipient argillic horizon in Timpanogos pedon indicates this soil did not develop under the moist conditions of the Pleistocene and the geomorphic surface was not stable after deposition. The material was reworked by the wind. The Sterling soil formed on an alluvial fan which was deposited during Holocene time and its development is chronologically related to geomorphic surface. The development of an incipient argillic horizon in the Timpanogos soil and a weak cambic horizon in the Hillfield soil and the unnamed Mollisol is due to topographic condition of the landscapes. The thick and dark mollie epipedon in the unnamed Mollisol (north-slope) compared to the Hillfield soil (south- s lope) which has an epipedon with color light to be mollie and a less thick A horizon is related to effect of microclimate.

Rocks of Late Cretaceous age in the central part of Utah are dominantly elastic. In general, the sediments in the west are of conglomerate and sandstone of continental origin; the sediments in the east are of sandstone and shale of marine origin, These rocks were deposited at or near the western shore of a sea which extended from the Arctic to the Gulf of Mexico. The strand line lay in a general northern direction through Utah with land to the west and marine water to the east.