Upper limb deficits post stroke affect up to 60% of stroke survivors. The assessment of motor deficits post stroke is important for identifying rehabilitation goals and assessing treatment efficacy. Current clinical tools used to assess motor impairment utilize clinical observation to describe the performance of diagnostic motor tasks. However there are some concerns regarding the ability of these scales to fully describe the quality of performance, and detect small but important changes which reflect motor recovery. Kinematic analysis has been increasingly suggested to augment clinical assessment; however, current kinematic tools are not well suited to the time and financial constraints of a clinical environment. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the feasibility of utilizing low-cost, depth sensing technology (Kinect sensor) to augment the current upper limb stroke assessment. Study one characterizes the accuracy of the Kinect sensor, and defines optimal markers and conditions for data collection. Results revealed sufficient ability to quantify metrics for the hand, and the trunk. Study two explored the feasibility of clinical use for the Kinect sensor, specifically its ability to distinguish kinematic performance between the affected and less-affected limbs within an individual, and differences in the affected limb between individuals. Results from study 2 indicated that the Kinect is able to identify interlimb differences and correlations with upper limb impairment scores for some kinematic metrics. Findings from this thesis suggest a potential use for the Kinect in a clinical environment for the purposes of upper limb stroke assessment; however, there are many factors and limitations which need to be considered prior to its use.

The occurrence of work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD) has been a focus of much research and the prevalence of upper extremity disorders (UED) has also been explored. Most of the studies addressing WRMD among hairstylists considered the biomechanical demands of the industry, with a few studies acknowledging the psychosocial risk factors as precipitators of the upper extremity pain. This qualitative study contributes to an understanding of the biopsychosocial factors linked to the experience of pain, and how the process of adjustment to pain impacted the performance of roles at work and home of female hairstylists. The PEO model (Law et al., 1996) was used to describe the impact of pain on roles and the adjustment process in the management of roles, and facilitated an understanding of the occupational performance issues face by the stylists experiencing upper extremity pain.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Upper airway endoscopy at rest has been the diagnostic method of choice for diagnosing equine upper respiratory tract (URT) disease since its development in the 1970´s. The development of high-speed treadmill endoscopy (HSTE) improved the sensitivity of URT endoscopy by allowing the examiner to observe the horse’s nasopharynx and larynx during exercise. However, the level of exertion achieved during HSTE may not always represent that achieved during normal exercise as surface, rider, tack, and environmental variables are altered. Recently, the development of dynamic overground endoscopy (DOE) has addressed some of those shortcomings. A retrospective study was undertaken to describe the upper airway abnormalities detected during DOE in horses presenting with poor performance and/or abnormal respiratory noise in South Africa. Patient records of Thoroughbred racehorses undergoing DOE from November 2011 to August 2012 by the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital were reviewed. Data collected included signalment, primary complaint, distance exercised, maximum speed attained, and dynamic airway abnormalities detected. XIII A second study was carried out to evaluate agreement within and among examiners of three grading systems for laryngeal function at exercise. The grading systems assessed were an existing system for grading axial deviation of aryepiglottic folds (ADAF), a modified system for grading recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) at exercise, and a proposed system for grading vocal cord collapse (VCC). For investigation of intra-observer variability, recordings were watched by two of the investigators at the same time, on two different occasions, in real time, slow motion, and at frame-by-frame speed. To evaluate inter-observer variability, recordings were watched by four investigators on one occasion, as described for investigation of intra-observer variability, and scoring sheets completed. Kappa agreement was calculated for both intra- and inter-observer sessions. Fifty-two horses that underwent DOE for investigation of poor performance and/or abnormal respiratory noise were identified. The main abnormalities detected included dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) (13/52 horses, 25%); recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) (17/52 horses, 33%); axial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds (ADAF) (21/52 horses, 40%) and vocal cord collapse (VCC) (18/52 horses, 35%). A total of 40 horses presented one or more abnormalities of the URT (77%). Fifteen horses (29%) had a single abnormality, and 25 horses (48%) had multiple abnormalities. Results at frame-by-frame speed from the intra-observer evaluations for all the conditions showed substantial agreement for RLN by both observers (K = 74 - 80). Intra-observer evaluations for VCC were moderate to substantial (K 53 – 63). ADAF was the most difficult URT abnormality to assess for both observers, and agreement within observers was only fair to moderate (K = 36 - 52). Inter-observer evaluations for RLN showed substantial to moderate agreement (K = 62). Inter-observer evaluations for VCC showed moderate agreement (K = 47 – 54), and inter-observer evaluations for ADAF showed only slight to fair agreement and were the lowest for all the conditions (K = 14 – 22). This study showed that DOE is a useful technique for providing valuable information about disease of the URT. Finding multiple abnormalities in 48% of horses examined using DOE suggests that DOE may be indicated even for those horses with an obvious abnormality found during resting endoscopy. The intra-observer evaluations showed that RLN had higher agreement values than those for ADAF and VCC at all speeds, and that ADAF had lower agreement values than those for VCC and RLN at all speeds. Inter-observer agreement was less than intra-observer agreement, presumably because more observers were involved in the inter-observer assessment. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Companion Animal Clinical Studies / unrestricted

Die Forschung zum Zusammenhang zwischen Topmanagementteams und Unternehmenserfolg stellt ein zum Teil fragmentarisches und wenig konzeptionelles Bild dar. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht es in vorliegender Arbeit um die Frage, inwiefern die Beziehung zwischen Topmanagementteams und Eigentümern optimiert werden kann, wenn bei der Zusammensetzung des Vorstandsteams neben vertraglichen Komponenten auch demografische Eigenschaften berücksichtigt werden.:Inhaltsverzeichnis ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS 5 1. EINLEITUNG 6 1.1 THEMENEINFÜHRUNG UND PROBLEMSTELLUNG 6 1.2 VORGEHENSWEISE UND GANG DER ARBEIT 9 2. DER ZUSAMMENHANG ZWISCHEN UNTERNEHMENSSTRATEGIE UND UNTERNEHMENSERFOLG - BEGRIFFLICHE GRUNDLAGEN 15 2.1 UNTERNEHMENSSTRATEGIE 15 2.2 KONTEXTSITUATION 20 2.3 UNTERNEHMENSERFOLG 22 2.4 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 26 3. DIE UNTERNEHMENSLEITUNG ALS KOOPERATIVE ARBEITSORGANISATIONSFORM 27 3.1 KOOPERATIVE ARBEITSORGANISATIONSFORMEN 28 3.1.1 INTERNE GRUPPENSTRUKTUREN UND PROZESSE 31 3.1.2 GRUPPENLEISTUNG UND ERFOLGSDETERMINANTEN 41 3.1.3 TEAM VERSUS GRUPPE – DEFINITION UND KLASSIFIKATION 44 3.2 DAS TOPMANAGEMENT AUS DER TEAMPERSPEKTIVE 52 3.2.1 BEGRIFFLICHE ERKLÄRUNG UND EINORDNUNG 54 3.2.2 AUFGABENBEREICH UND ORGANISATION DES TOPMANAGEMENTS 57 3.2.3 KOOPERATIVE ZUSAMMENARBEIT AUF EBENE DES TOPMANAGEMENTS 64 3.3 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 68 4. DER ZUSAMMENHANG ZWISCHEN TOPMANAGEMENTTEAM UND UNTERNEHMENSERFOLG AUS SICHT DER PRINZIPAL-AGENT-THEORIE 70 4.1 GRUNDLAGEN 72 4.1.1 RAHMENSTRUKTUR DES GRUNDMODELLS UND INTERESSENKONFLIKT 72 4.1.2 ASYMMETRISCHE INFORMATIONSVERTEILUNG UND UMWELTUNSICHERHEIT 75 4.1.3 RISIKOVERTEILUNG 78 4.1.4 ERWEITERUNGEN DES GRUNDMODELLS 80 4.2 TOPMANAGEMENT UND UNTERNEHMENSERFOLG AUS PRINZIPAL-AGENT-THEORETISCHER SICHT 93 4.2.1 DIE DELEGATIONSBEZIEHUNG ZWISCHEN TOPMANAGERN UND UNTERNEHMENSEIGENTÜMER 93 4.2.2 DER UNTERNEHMENSERFOLG AUS SICHT DER PRINZIPAL-AGENT-THEORIE 99 4.3 WÜRDIGUNG DER PRINZIPAL-AGENT-THEORIE 103 4.4 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 106 5. TOPMANAGEMENTTEAM UND UNTERNEHMENSERFOLG AUS SICHT DER UPPER-ECHELONS PERSPEKTIVE 108 5.1 GRUNDLAGEN 108 5.2 DEMOGRAPHISCHE EIGENSCHAFTEN ALS STRATEGISCHE DETERMINANTEN 111 5.2.1 ALTER 111 5.2.2 BETRIEBSZUGEHÖRIGKEIT 113 5.2.3 BRANCHENSENIORITÄT 115 5.3 DIE GRUPPENZUSAMMENSETZUNG 117 5.4 KONTEXTSITUATION 125 5.5 DER EINFLUSS VERSCHIEDENER MODERATOREN 127 5.5.1 DAS KONZEPT „BEHAVIORAL INTEGRATION“ 127 5.5.2 DER „DISCRETION“-ANSATZ 130 5.5.3 DER „POWER DISTRIBUTION“-ANSATZ 134 5.5.4 DIE „EXECUTIVE JOB DEMAND“-ÜBERLEGUNG 137 5.6 WÜRDIGUNG DER UPPER-ECHELONS-THEORIE 139 5.7 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 141 6. TOPMANAGEMENTTEAMS – EINE INTEGRATIVE PERSPEKTIVE 144 6.1 GRUNDLAGEN 144 6.1.1 KONTEXTSITUATION 145 6.1.2 VERHALTENSANNAHMEN 149 6.2 DER EINFLUSS DEMOGRAPHISCHER FAKTOREN – EINE FALLUNTERSCHEIDUNG 152 6.2.1 JUNGE TOPMANAGER 154 6.2.2 BERUFSERFAHRENE TOPMANAGER MIT UND OHNE BRANCHENBEZUG 159 6.2.3 BETRIEBSSPEZIFISCHE TOPMANAGER 164 6.2.4 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 166 6.3 TEAMPERSPEKTIVE 168 6.3.1 TEAMZUSAMMENSETZUNG UND TEAMPROZESSE 170 6.3.2 MEHRPERIODISCHE TEAMINTERNE ZUSAMMENARBEIT 186 6.4 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 191 7. DEUTSCHLAND – EIN SONDERWEG? 195 7.1 NATIONALE RAHMENFAKTOREN 195 7.1.1 RECHTLICHE UND WIRTSCHAFTLICHE RAHMENBEDINGUNGEN 196 7.1.2 GESELLSCHAFTLICHE WERTVORSTELLUNGEN 204 7.2 IMPLIKATIONEN DEUTSCHER KONTEXTFAKTOREN 206 7.3 FÜHRUNGSWECHSEL UND REKRUTIERUNGSVORGEHEN 213 7.4 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 227 8. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND AUSBLICK 229 LITERATURVERZEICHNIS 238

Power networks are sophisticated dynamical systems whose stable operation is essential to modern society. We study the swing equation for networks and its linearization (LSEN) as a tool for modeling power systems. Nowadays, phasor measurement units (PMUs) are used across power networks to measure the magnitude and phase angle of electric signals. Given the abundant data that PMUs can produce, we study applications of the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) and Loewner framework to power systems. The matrices that define the LSEN model have a particular structure that is not recovered by DMD. We thus propose a novel variant of DMD, called structure-preserving DMD (SPDMD), that imposes the LSEN structure upon the recovered system. Since the solution of the LSEN can potentially exhibit interesting transient dynamics, we study the transient growth for the exponential matrix related to the LSEN. We follow Godunov's approach to get upper bounds for the transient growth and also analyze the relationship of such bounds with classical bounds based on the spectrum, numerical range, and pseudospectra. We show how Godunov's bounds can be optimized to bound the solution operator at a given time. The Loewner framework provides a tool for identifying a dynamical system from tangential measurements. The singular values of Loewner matrices guide the discovery of the true order of the underlying system. However, these singular values can exhibit rapid decay when the interpolation points are far from the poles of the system. We establish a range of bounds for this decay of singular values and apply this analysis to power systems. / Doctor of Philosophy / Power networks are sophisticated dynamical systems whose stable operation is essential to modern society. We study a mathematical model called the LSEN to understand and recover the dynamics of power networks. The LSEN model defines some matrices that have special structures dictated by the application. We propose a novel method to recover matrices with this desired structure from data. We also study some properties of the solution of the LSEN model related to the exponential of a matrix, connecting classical results with the particular approach that we follow. In the system identification context, we also study bounds on the singular values of Loewner matrices to understand the interplay between the data (measurements of the system) and mathematical artifacts (poles of the system).

This thesis investigates discourses surrounding upper and middle class Afrikaner women living in Johannesburg during the years 1948, 1949 and 1958. It uses magazines aimed at upper and middle class women as primary sources and also makes use of interviews with upper and middle class women who lived in Johannesburg during 1948. 1949 and 1958. The thesis uses women's magazines. educational magazines and church magazines, as well as the Vrou en Moeder magazine, mouthpiece of the Suid Afrikaanse Vrouefederasie. Conclusions are drawn about the status and role of Afrikaner middle class women in society, as well as the value systems operating at the time. Differences in discourse and changes over time are accounted for. The thesis also draws attention to the importance of using gender as an historical category, and attempts to broaden the method of history by utilising discourse analysis. / History

Projectile points manufactured from antler, bone, ivory, and horn were a significant component of the Pleistocene hunter-gatherer’s weapons toolkit. While this situation appears to have been particularly the case for Upper Palaeolithic Europe where thousands of implements from Aurignacian to Azilian contexts have been recovered, elements of osseous technologies are increasingly being identified in Africa, Asia, Australia and North America. Projectile weaponry tipped with osseous raw materials therefore constitute a major dataset for the investigation of technological, subsistence, and social aspects of various and numerous Pleistocene populations. Having once been described as ‘impossible to evaluate’, investigation of maintenance and discard patterns for osseous projectile point assemblages has been severely neglected in the archaeological literature. As previous work has generally been restricted to qualitative descriptions of single artefacts exhibiting clear signs of rejuvenation or recycling, our knowledge of ‘the keeping’ of these toolkits is therefore extraordinarily limited. This thesis addresses this imbalance through beginning to build a robust methodology for investigating the maintenance, recycling, and discard of osseous projectile weaponry. More than 4,000 whole and fragmentary barbed and unbarbed osseous projectile points recovered from 25 Middle to Late Magdalenian sites located throughout France and southern Germany were examined, and through employing a multi-faceted approach incorporating metric analyses, statistics, use wear analysis, and the examination of contemporaneous depictions of weaponry, inter-site and inter-regional differences in maintenance and discard patterns were successfully identified. These results are discussed from a regional perspective in order to articulate these new data into interpretations of wider Magdalenian economic and social organisation.

Newly released Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph/Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (IUVS/MAVEN) measurements of CO2 density in the Martian thermosphere have been used for comparison with the predictions of the Max Planck Institute Martian General Circulation Model (MPI-MGCM). The simulations reproduced (within one standard deviation) the available zonal mean density and derived temperature above 130 km. The MGCM replicated the observed dominant zonal wave number 3 nonmigrating tide and demonstrated that it represents a nonmoving imprint of the topography in the thermosphere. The comparison shows a great dependence of the simulated density and temperature to the prescribed solar flux, atomic oxygen abundances and gravity wave effects, with the former two being especially important in the thermosphere above 130 km and the latter playing a significant role both in the mesosphere and thermosphere.

A consistent use of the target language during English lessons is beneficial for pupils’ linguistic development, but also challenging for both teachers and pupils. The main purpose for pupils to learn English is to be able to use it in communication, which requires that they develop the ability to comprehend input, produce output and use language strategies. Several researchers claim that a consistent use of the target language is necessary in order to develop these abilities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the target language use during English lessons in Swedish grades 4-6, and what pupils’ opinions regarding target language use are. The methods used to collect data consisted of a pupil questionnaire with 42 respondents and an observation of two teachers’ English lessons during a week’s time. The results from the observations show that the teachers use plenty of target language during lessons, but the first language as well to explain things that pupils might experience difficult to understand otherwise. The results from the questionnaire mainly show that the pupils seem to enjoy English and like to both speak and hear the target language during lessons. The main input comes from listening to a CD with dialogues and exercises in the textbook and the workbook, and from the teacher speaking. The results also show that a majority of the pupils use the target language in their spare time. A conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that the TL should be used to a large extent in order to support pupils’ linguistic development. However, teachers may sometimes need to use L1 in order to facilitate understanding of the things that many pupils find difficult, for example grammar. Suggestions for further research in this area include similar studies conducted on a larger scale. / <p>Engelska</p>