No description available.

Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2017-05-25T13:07:01Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-25T13:07:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Durante a exploração de uma mina, vários impactos são causados no meio ambiente, entre eles a geração da drenagem ácida de minas (DAM), que consiste da exposição de minerais sulfetados ao ar, água e microorganismos do tipo ferroxidantes, apresentando reações de oxidação e formação de ácido sulfúrico solubilizando metais ali presentes contaminando o solo e as águas. O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi estudar uma solução tecnológica fazendo uso da oxidação avançada com ozônio de metais pesados presentes em efluentes contaminados, em mina de urânio, com especial foco na remoção do manganês. A mina de urânio das Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil INB, em Caldas, Minas Gerais, local de aplicação deste estudo, enfrenta o problema da DAM e tem como principais contaminantes de suas águas superficiais os elementos, alumínio (Al), manganês (Mn), zinco (Zn), ferro (Fe), sulfatos (SO4+2), fluoretos (F-), metais de terras raras, alem do urânio (U) e do tório (Th). Os testes com ozônio realizados em laboratório com os efluentes da INB e in situ, mostraram uma grande eficiência para remoção do ferro, manganês e cério em até 99%. A concentração total de manganês ficou abaixo dos limites estabelecidos pela resolução 430 e 357 do CONAMA. Elementos como neodímio (Nd), lantânio (La) e zinco (Zn) pouco se oxidam com O3. O Al se mantém praticamente inalterado, enquanto que o tório e o urânio decaem, mas com o passar do tempo de ozonização voltam a se concentrar, porém com um valor inferior ao inicial. O precipitado obtido após a ozonização consiste de até 85% de oxido de manganês. A fim de descartar, após a ozonização, o efluente líquido para o ambiente é necessário uma correção do pH, de modo a atender os parâmetros da legislação CONAMA, sendo utilizado 50 a 86% menos reagente (CaOH2), do que as quantidades utilizadas no processo adotado pela INB. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2017-10-09T14:21:34Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T14:21:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Durante a exploração de uma mina, vários impactos são causados no meio ambiente, entre eles a geração da drenagem ácida de minas (DAM), que consiste da exposição de minerais sulfetados ao ar, água e microorganismos do tipo ferroxidantes, apresentando reações de oxidação e formação de ácido sulfúrico solubilizando metais ali presentes contaminando o solo e as águas. O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi estudar uma solução tecnológica fazendo uso da oxidação avançada com ozônio de metais pesados presentes em efluentes contaminados, em mina de urânio, com especial foco na remoção do manganês. A mina de urânio das Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil INB, em Caldas, Minas Gerais, local de aplicação deste estudo, enfrenta o problema da DAM e tem como principais contaminantes de suas águas superficiais os elementos, alumínio (Al), manganês (Mn), zinco (Zn), ferro (Fe), sulfatos (SO4+2), fluoretos (F-), metais de terras raras, alem do urânio (U) e do tório (Th). Os testes com ozônio realizados em laboratório com os efluentes da INB e in situ, mostraram uma grande eficiência para remoção do ferro, manganês e cério em até 99%. A concentração total de manganês ficou abaixo dos limites estabelecidos pela resolução 430 e 357 do CONAMA. Elementos como neodímio (Nd), lantânio (La) e zinco (Zn) pouco se oxidam com O3. O Al se mantém praticamente inalterado, enquanto que o tório e o urânio decaem, mas com o passar do tempo de ozonização voltam a se concentrar, porém com um valor inferior ao inicial. O precipitado obtido após a ozonização consiste de até 85% de oxido de manganês. A fim de descartar, após a ozonização, o efluente líquido para o ambiente é necessário uma correção do pH, de modo a atender os parâmetros da legislação CONAMA, sendo utilizado 50 a 86% menos reagente (CaOH2), do que as quantidades utilizadas no processo adotado pela INB. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Cette thèse vise à documenter le rapport à l’expertise scientifique et aux sciences d’enseignantes et enseignants de sciences de la vie et de la terre (SVT) du secondaire au Gabon placés en situation d’analyse d’une question socialement vive environnementale (QSVE) mobilisant des experts scientifiques au sujet des conséquences environnementales et sanitaires de l’exploitation de l’uranium au Gabon. Elle s’intéresse également à leurs dispositions à enseigner de telles questions. Dans une perspective socio-épistémologique et didactique, elle s’inscrit en prolongement d’études développées dans le champ des questions socialement vives (QSV) qui invitent à mieux appréhender les enjeux contemporains portant sur l’usage de l’expertise scientifique et sur la prise en charge à l’école des questions de société. Cette thèse mobilise également le cadre théorique du rapport au savoir selon une perspective socio-anthropologique pour interroger la relation de sens des enseignants vis-à-vis des arguments d’experts scientifiques sur une question sensible. Grâce à une analyse thématique des données, la manière dont cinq (5) enseignants (es) se sont approprié cette QSVE durant des entretiens individuels en deux temps (10 entretiens) a été examinée. Le premier entretien a consisté à cerner leurs idées de départ sur la notion d’expertise scientifique et la nature des sciences, sur l’enseignement du thème étudié et sur la question de l’expertise scientifique dans la QSVE étudiée. Le deuxième entretien, plus spécifique, a permis de poursuivre la réflexion à partir d’une cartographie présentant les arguments des principaux experts et acteurs de cette controverse. Les portraits épistémologiques qui se dégagent illustrent que leur rapport à l’expertise scientifique et aux sciences lorsqu’il est contextualisé en fonction d’une question précise tend à valoriser la position de certains experts plutôt que d’autres, tout en mobilisant une conception des sciences plutôt réaliste. En outre, ces derniers bien que disposés dans leur majorité à enseigner les QSVE semblent toutefois relever diverses contraintes (programmes chargés, référents peu nombreux, etc.) ne permettant pas leur prise en charge effective. Ces résultats apportent ainsi un éclairage riche et nuancé sur la manière dont les enseignants face à une QSVE précise se représentent le rôle des experts scientifiques dans la gouvernance des questions sensibles, mais aussi leurs rôles dans la prise en charge scolaire de ces questions. / The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to study Gabonese Science teachers’ relationship to scientific expertise and to sciences in general, when faced with analysing and environmental socio-scientific issue (ESSI) that has galvanized the scientific community, such as the health and environmental consequences of mining uranium in Gabon. This study also seeks to discover how inclined Gabonese science teachers teach such issues. From a didactic and socio-epistemological perspective, this study follows on from previous research on socio-scientific issues (SSI), which seek to gain insights into contemporary issues on the various uses of scientific expertise and how societal issues are being approached at school. The theoretical framework of this thesis also uses a socio-anthropologic perspective on the relationship to knowledge in order to examine teachers’ conceptions of scientific experts’ positions on a particular controversial issue. A thematic analysis of qualitative data was used to study how five (5) teachers approached the ESSI provided during the two-part one-on-one interviews (for a total of 10 interviews). The first interview consisted of identifying the teachers’ initial conceptions of scientific expertise, the teaching of the theme being studied and the scientific expertise invested in the ESSI being studied. The second interview enabled the research to continue on the basis of mapping the various positions of the main experts and key players in this controversy. The resulting epistemological profiles revealed that, whenever the teachers were asked to describe their relationship to scientific expertise and the sciences in the context of a specific issue, they tended to value the position of certain experts rather than others, all the while assuming a more realistic view of sciences. Moreover, although the great majority of these teachers were readily willing to teach the ESSI, they however seemed to fall under various constraints (busy schedules, lack of resources…) that kept them from developing an effective approach for teaching them. In this way the results from the research were able to shed a rich and nuanced light on how teachers, when faced with having to teach a particular ESSI, were able to better grasp the role of scientific experts in governing how controversial issues are presented in society, as well as their own role in teaching ESSI.

From the sociological research realized in last years we can learn many interesting facts. We can find out what are currently the prestigious profession and what are not, what is the socio- economic status of individuals, what is the subjective social distance to the profession and many interesting research focused on the profession, prestige of the profession and social status. Sociological research take account of the objective viewpoint and on the subjective viewpoint regarding to the demographic and economic situation in the society. Some of the named sociological researches were compared with the results of this work that was interested in the subjective perception of respondent´s social status, and how risky profession affects their health. My diploma thesis is divided into three parts. The main themes are: the company, work and state of health. The first part of the theory is focused on the concept society based on other concepts important for this thesis. The second part focuses on the theory of professions working sample of respondents to the prestige of their profession and to the international classification of employment. The last is engaged in the concepts of health, illness, health and social determinants of health. The aim of this work was to determine how the respondents perceive their subjective social status, whether the selected structure of employment (education, income, occupational position) affect the social status of the respondent and the effect on the type of profession declared subjective health. The work set up three research questions, which copied the contents of its objectives: ? What is the respondent´s subjective social status? ? Do the chosen structures of employment have any influence on the social status of the respondent? ? Do the exercised profession has any influence on the subjective declarated heslth? Becouse of the set aims, I used the form f qualitative research. To collect data I used research method and its associated questioning research structured interview technique. The research group consisted of eight respondents from the staff of the Czech Police, Fire and Rescue Service of Czech Republic, Ambulance Service and the miners working in uranium mines with differentiation according to age. The work could serve to expand awareness of the different professions working. It may also serve as inspiration for further research.

Au début des années 2000, des régions du Québec ont été l’objet d’une vague d’exploration uranifère suite à la hausse importante de son prix sur les marchés. Ces projets d’exploration ont été confrontés à de vives mobilisations citoyennes et politiques qui remettaient en question l’expertise de l’industrie et la capacité du Québec à protéger l’intérêt public ainsi que l’environnement. Prenant appui sur l’analyse des coalitions de cause, ce mémoire cherche à expliquer la prise de décision du gouvernement du Québec de suspendre les certificats d’autorisation (en d’autres mots, d’imposer un moratoire administratif) pour la filière uranifère alors même que son projet le plus avancé, le projet Matoush, avait reçu toutes les approbations administratives. En étudiant et en comparant les coalitions de cause mobilisées sur cet enjeu et leur influence sur les gouvernements québécois successifs, cette recherche vise également apporter un nouvel éclairage sur des éléments d’analyse peu développés par l’approche des coalitions de cause. / In the early 2000s, Quebec regions had a surge in uranium exploration after the substantial increase of the uranium prices in the markets. These uranium exploration projects were confronted with growing citizens and politics mobilizations who questioned the industry expertise and the government capacity to protect the public interests and the environment. Based on the advocacy coalition framework, this thesis seeks to explain the Quebec government’s decision to suspend the certificates of authorization (in other words, to impose an administrative moratorium) in the uranium industry even though the most advanced project, the Matoush Project, received all the administrative authorization. By studying and comparing the mobilized coalitions on this issue and their influence on the successive governments, this research should bring a new light on neglected elements of analysis from the advocacy coalition framework.