<p>This thesis gives a systematic description of theEnvironmental Load Profile (ELP), an environmental assessmenttool developed for the urban environment. The purpose of thework was to improve the stringency of the system boundaries andfunctional units of the tool. This was achieved by putting theELP structure in the context of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)with a special emphasis on system boundaries. To create animproved scientific base for the ELP, a comparative study wasconducted using an evaluative framework for conceptual andanalytical approaches. Here, the ELP tool is compared with foursimilar environmental assessment tools for the builtenvironment.</p><p>Since, energy use in the operation phase is an importantfactor for the overall environmental performance of buildings,a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate how theselection of heat and electricity mix affects the results of anenvironmental assessment of buildings. Four modes ofelectricity production and two modes of heat production wereapplied on three buildings with different technical systems intheir heat supply. The results show that the choice ofelectricity mix has a great influence on the outcome of anenvironmental assessment (EA) and it is suggested that both anaverage and marginal electricity mix should be applied inEA´s of the built environment. Further, it is argued thatconsequences of assumptions made should be explicitlycommunicated in the EA report, to allow the decision-makersrather than the analysts to make the final evaluation.</p><p>The ELP is primarily developed to follow up theenvironmental goal‘twice as good’and assess theenvironmental performance of Hammarby Sjöstad, a newcity-district in southern Stockholm. The city-district is builtas a continuation of the inner Stockholm and the first part ofthe project, called Sickla Udde, is nearly finished. The ELPtool was applied in a first case study to answer the questionof how far Sickla Udde has reached in achieving the goal. Theassessment indicates that compared to a reference districtbased on the technology used in 1990, the environmentalperformance of Sickla Udde has reached the goal‘twice asgood’for some environmental load categories and 30percent for others. Although these findings are preliminary,they indicate a development in the right direction. Measurestaken contributing to largest environmental improvements are: amore efficient energy production (improved district heating)and use (e.g. lower U-values in the buildings, energy efficientappliances, heat exchange of ventilation air) and improvedsewage treatment. The results also demonstrate that theenvironmental load from domestic transports can be of the samemagnitude as from the buildings situated within thecity-district. Hence, resources spent to decrease environmentalload in the planning process should primarily be divoted toimproving domestic transportation systems and on optimising theoperational phase of the buildings.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>environmental assessment, urban district,environmental load profile, Hammarby Sjöstad, life cycleassessment, LCA, environmental management, builtenvironment</p>

This thesis gives a systematic description of theEnvironmental Load Profile (ELP), an environmental assessmenttool developed for the urban environment. The purpose of thework was to improve the stringency of the system boundaries andfunctional units of the tool. This was achieved by putting theELP structure in the context of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)with a special emphasis on system boundaries. To create animproved scientific base for the ELP, a comparative study wasconducted using an evaluative framework for conceptual andanalytical approaches. Here, the ELP tool is compared with foursimilar environmental assessment tools for the builtenvironment. Since, energy use in the operation phase is an importantfactor for the overall environmental performance of buildings,a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate how theselection of heat and electricity mix affects the results of anenvironmental assessment of buildings. Four modes ofelectricity production and two modes of heat production wereapplied on three buildings with different technical systems intheir heat supply. The results show that the choice ofelectricity mix has a great influence on the outcome of anenvironmental assessment (EA) and it is suggested that both anaverage and marginal electricity mix should be applied inEA´s of the built environment. Further, it is argued thatconsequences of assumptions made should be explicitlycommunicated in the EA report, to allow the decision-makersrather than the analysts to make the final evaluation. The ELP is primarily developed to follow up theenvironmental goal‘twice as good’and assess theenvironmental performance of Hammarby Sjöstad, a newcity-district in southern Stockholm. The city-district is builtas a continuation of the inner Stockholm and the first part ofthe project, called Sickla Udde, is nearly finished. The ELPtool was applied in a first case study to answer the questionof how far Sickla Udde has reached in achieving the goal. Theassessment indicates that compared to a reference districtbased on the technology used in 1990, the environmentalperformance of Sickla Udde has reached the goal‘twice asgood’for some environmental load categories and 30percent for others. Although these findings are preliminary,they indicate a development in the right direction. Measurestaken contributing to largest environmental improvements are: amore efficient energy production (improved district heating)and use (e.g. lower U-values in the buildings, energy efficientappliances, heat exchange of ventilation air) and improvedsewage treatment. The results also demonstrate that theenvironmental load from domestic transports can be of the samemagnitude as from the buildings situated within thecity-district. Hence, resources spent to decrease environmentalload in the planning process should primarily be divoted toimproving domestic transportation systems and on optimising theoperational phase of the buildings. <b>Keywords:</b>environmental assessment, urban district,environmental load profile, Hammarby Sjöstad, life cycleassessment, LCA, environmental management, builtenvironment / NR 20140805

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In the last decade Zimbabwe has faced serious political, social and economic challenges which have affected the ordinary citizen. Among the economic challenges is the rapid growth of the informal economy which has become the main employer for most people. This growth is attributable to the shrinking formal economy which has left many people jobless and fighting to survive. The alternative is the informal economy which is accommodating millions of Zimbabweans providing a source of income and form of livelihood. Women tend to be overrepresented in the informal economy and among them is a sub-group of women who head households. Women headed households are among the poorest people in the world. The aim of this study was to determine and explore how the informal economy impacts on social and economic development of women headed households. This aim was realised through contextualizing WHH within a social and economic development framework; determining the nature and extent of the informal economy in Zimbabwe; conducting an empirical study which explored and determined the impact made by the informal economy in the social and economic development of WHH in Chegutu urban area of Zimbabwe and research findings, conclusions and recommendations were made to support women involved in the informal economy. A qualitative approach was utilised in the study and the case study was used as the research design. Data was gathered by means of semi-structured interviews. The targeting and snowball sampling methods were used to identify respondents. Findings from the study indicated that women headed households in the informal economy benefit from the sector. They are self-employed, it is their main source of income, main form of livelihood which caters for all their household necessities, it brings in sustainable livelihood and it has enhanced their self-esteem and economic independence. The informal economy however, posits many challenges for women headed households. For instance it creates many health and economic hardships. The informal economy lacks security, organisation, recognition, social protection and legal representation. There is lack of government and institutional support and resources are inaccessible to most women headed households. The study concluded that integrated social and economic development is the key to the eradication of poverty. Opportunities for active participation in the economy combined with sound social policy are critical for the empowerment of women headed households. Based on the findings and conclusions, recommendations were made to the government, municipality and NGOs to be more supportive of women headed households. This can be done by forming partnerships that focus on skills development to enhance human capital, develop poverty eradication strategies that are informed by social development framework, creating awareness of resources through information centres, subsidising education, medical care and rentals and engaging financial institutions to offer capital and credit facilities. / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

The aim of the analysis is to question the meaning of the idea of "mixed neighborhood" today in France. The research focuses on Arnaud-Bernard, city center district of Toulouse, during the beginning of the 1990's. Three aspects are significant: different waves of immigration, different names, and a singular event, the "district's dish" (repas-de-quartier") as social link's creator. The mechanism of the Carrefour-Culturel, main association in the neighborhood in order to build a "mixed neighborhood", has been studied in this thesis. Interviews and sources from the association have been analyzed. Moreover the literature has been examined in order to underline the complexity of the idea of "mixed neighborhood". Résumé L'objet de l'analyse est de questionner ce que signifie la « mixité » et ce qu'elle désigne à l'échelle d'un quartier aujourd'hui en France. La recherche se focalise sur le quartier Arnaud-Bernard du centre ville de Toulouse à partir des années 1990. La particularité de ce quartier repose sur trois choses essentielles : les vagues migratoires successives qu'il a vu arriver en son sein, les différents noms qui lui ont été attribués et la création d'un évènement, le repas-de-quartier comme créateur de lien social à l'échelle du quartier. Dès lors, nous avons observé les dynamiques mises en...

This qualitative case study examined the recruitment and hiring practices of an urban district. Participants in this study included five district-level, human resource staff members and six campus principals. Data collected and analyzed including audio recordings of semi-structured interviews of each participant and documents at the district and campus levels used during the recruitment and hiring processes. The findings suggested that there is evidence of the district's use of the fit theory and culturally relevant pedagogy, and there is potential value in uniting and using both theories to identify and hire culturally responsive teachers. Findings also suggested that some tenets of both theories overlap, and some were more evident and more valued in the district processes than others. Since urban schools tend to experience significant staffing challenges and require teachers who are more culturally responsive, this study has the potential to help district and campus leaders examine their current hiring practices and establish stronger connections to the fit theory and culturally relevant pedagogy tenets.

В процессе выполнения работы были исследованы теоретические и, нормативно-правовые аспекты развития сельских территорий и потребительской кооперации. Выполнен анализ развития сельских территорий Невьянского городского округа, на основе чего разработаны рекомендации по созданию потребительского кооператива как стартовой меры развития потребительской кооперации и создания ТОС как фактора повышения устойчивости развития сельских территорий. В результате осуществления рекомендуемых мер ожидается повышение уровня занятости экономически активного населения НГО, рост реальных доходов сельского населения, решение вопросов продовольственного обеспечения городского округа и обеспечение устойчивости развития сельских территорий. / In the course of the work, the theoretical and regulatory aspects of rural development and consumer cooperation were studied. The analysis of the development of rural areas Nevyansky urban district, on the basis of which recommendations for the establishment of consumer cooperatives as the starting steps of development of consumer cooperation and the creation of TOS as factor of increase of stability of development of rural territories. The implementation of the recommended measures is expected to increase the level of employment of economically active population NGOs, the growth of real incomes of the rural population, issues of food security in the city and ensure the sustainable development of rural areas.

Master’s thesis concern with the area on the edge of urban district Brno-Řečkovice a Mokrá Hora which is defined by street Terezy Novákové and Žilkova. In this territory is designed new residential complex which is integrated into existing buildings and area of the Czech Army. The main theme of this projet is created compact housing development with adequate population density which complete current built-up area and guarantee high-quality enviroment for living present and future inhabitants. Urban development respect surrounding houses. New complex has mainly block character which is created by block of flats and transformed into low row houses. In the proposed complex prevail residential function which is supplemented by public facilities like kindergarten, sports grounds and basic services. The urban philosophy put emphasis on human scale, high-quality public space and general contentment, liveliness and safety in street’s area.

The main task in this thesis is to prescribe the development of residential properties in the locality of Brno - Královo Pole. My diploma thesis is focusing on history of this quarter of the city until present. In the thesis is desribed in detail survey of the significant residentional buildings, construction of residentional complexes. Work us step by step through the development of these buildings from the beginning of construction on the territory to the possible future development in the area. In my thesis, there will be map drawings of the given area, old photographs of streets, residential and important civic buildings included. I would like to try to discover changes that have been made during recent years on the local building as well. In the end, I will also consider future building development opportunities in the built-up urban area.