In this thesis I explore the experiences of a group of Australian women who became first-time mothers between 1950 and 1965. I interviewed twenty-four mothers, half of whom were selected as practising Roman Catholics. The other half was AnglicanfProtestant by co-incidence rather than selection. The data in this research have been collected via in-depth, unstructured interviews with the participants. The interviews were taped and transcribed verbatim, before the data were analysed. I present a grounded theory of transformative power in motherwork that has emerged from the analysis of interviews. The mothers talked about what they did in their active mothering years. I argue that despite being constrained by the gender bias in the patriarchal context, these mothers were agents who developed skills that enabled them to resist or creatively deal with the constraints they faced. Their emphasis was on their agency and the power to nurture their children into responsible adults. Their awareness of the importance of their motherwork acted as a motivator in this development. My thesis is that the relationship between each mother and each of her children is a transformative power relationship in which both mother and child are transformedthe child into an independent adult and the mother into a skilled self-motivated agent through her mothenvork. Any threat to this process resulted in the mother doing all she could to resist or counteract the constraintls she was encountering. Transformative power expressed in motherwork can be recognised analytically by several characteristics. It empowers both parties in the motherlchild duality. Complexity, diversity, fluidity, and responsiveness to the physical, intellectual, and emotional aspects of the relationship are all evident in transformative power relationships. Through their own transformation, the mothers saw the falsity of the master narratives of motherhood, prevalent in society in the 1950s and 1960s, which they had believed as inexperienced girls. From their stories about motherwork, I reveal a counter narrative that was portrayed not only in their telling of their stories: but in their discursivelreflexive practices as mothers.

In this thesis I explore the experiences of a group of Australian women who became first-time mothers between 1950 and 1965. I interviewed twenty-four mothers, half of whom were selected as practising Roman Catholics. The other half was AnglicanfProtestant by co-incidence rather than selection. The data in this research have been collected via in-depth, unstructured interviews with the participants. The interviews were taped and transcribed verbatim, before the data were analysed. I present a grounded theory of transformative power in motherwork that has emerged from the analysis of interviews. The mothers talked about what they did in their active mothering years. I argue that despite being constrained by the gender bias in the patriarchal context, these mothers were agents who developed skills that enabled them to resist or creatively deal with the constraints they faced. Their emphasis was on their agency and the power to nurture their children into responsible adults. Their awareness of the importance of their motherwork acted as a motivator in this development. My thesis is that the relationship between each mother and each of her children is a transformative power relationship in which both mother and child are transformedthe child into an independent adult and the mother into a skilled self-motivated agent through her mothenvork. Any threat to this process resulted in the mother doing all she could to resist or counteract the constraintls she was encountering. Transformative power expressed in motherwork can be recognised analytically by several characteristics. It empowers both parties in the motherlchild duality. Complexity, diversity, fluidity, and responsiveness to the physical, intellectual, and emotional aspects of the relationship are all evident in transformative power relationships. Through their own transformation, the mothers saw the falsity of the master narratives of motherhood, prevalent in society in the 1950s and 1960s, which they had believed as inexperienced girls. From their stories about motherwork, I reveal a counter narrative that was portrayed not only in their telling of their stories: but in their discursivelreflexive practices as mothers.

In this thesis I explore the experiences of a group of Australian women who became first-time mothers between 1950 and 1965. I interviewed twenty-four mothers, half of whom were selected as practising Roman Catholics. The other half was AnglicanfProtestant by co-incidence rather than selection. The data in this research have been collected via in-depth, unstructured interviews with the participants. The interviews were taped and transcribed verbatim, before the data were analysed. I present a grounded theory of transformative power in motherwork that has emerged from the analysis of interviews. The mothers talked about what they did in their active mothering years. I argue that despite being constrained by the gender bias in the patriarchal context, these mothers were agents who developed skills that enabled them to resist or creatively deal with the constraints they faced. Their emphasis was on their agency and the power to nurture their children into responsible adults. Their awareness of the importance of their motherwork acted as a motivator in this development. My thesis is that the relationship between each mother and each of her children is a transformative power relationship in which both mother and child are transformedthe child into an independent adult and the mother into a skilled self-motivated agent through her mothenvork. Any threat to this process resulted in the mother doing all she could to resist or counteract the constraintls she was encountering. Transformative power expressed in motherwork can be recognised analytically by several characteristics. It empowers both parties in the motherlchild duality. Complexity, diversity, fluidity, and responsiveness to the physical, intellectual, and emotional aspects of the relationship are all evident in transformative power relationships. Through their own transformation, the mothers saw the falsity of the master narratives of motherhood, prevalent in society in the 1950s and 1960s, which they had believed as inexperienced girls. From their stories about motherwork, I reveal a counter narrative that was portrayed not only in their telling of their stories: but in their discursivelreflexive practices as mothers.

In this thesis I explore the experiences of a group of Australian women who became first-time mothers between 1950 and 1965. I interviewed twenty-four mothers, half of whom were selected as practising Roman Catholics. The other half was AnglicanfProtestant by co-incidence rather than selection. The data in this research have been collected via in-depth, unstructured interviews with the participants. The interviews were taped and transcribed verbatim, before the data were analysed. I present a grounded theory of transformative power in motherwork that has emerged from the analysis of interviews. The mothers talked about what they did in their active mothering years. I argue that despite being constrained by the gender bias in the patriarchal context, these mothers were agents who developed skills that enabled them to resist or creatively deal with the constraints they faced. Their emphasis was on their agency and the power to nurture their children into responsible adults. Their awareness of the importance of their motherwork acted as a motivator in this development. My thesis is that the relationship between each mother and each of her children is a transformative power relationship in which both mother and child are transformedthe child into an independent adult and the mother into a skilled self-motivated agent through her mothenvork. Any threat to this process resulted in the mother doing all she could to resist or counteract the constraintls she was encountering. Transformative power expressed in motherwork can be recognised analytically by several characteristics. It empowers both parties in the motherlchild duality. Complexity, diversity, fluidity, and responsiveness to the physical, intellectual, and emotional aspects of the relationship are all evident in transformative power relationships. Through their own transformation, the mothers saw the falsity of the master narratives of motherhood, prevalent in society in the 1950s and 1960s, which they had believed as inexperienced girls. From their stories about motherwork, I reveal a counter narrative that was portrayed not only in their telling of their stories: but in their discursivelreflexive practices as mothers.

In this thesis I explore the experiences of a group of Australian women who became first-time mothers between 1950 and 1965. I interviewed twenty-four mothers, half of whom were selected as practising Roman Catholics. The other half was AnglicanfProtestant by co-incidence rather than selection. The data in this research have been collected via in-depth, unstructured interviews with the participants. The interviews were taped and transcribed verbatim, before the data were analysed. I present a grounded theory of transformative power in motherwork that has emerged from the analysis of interviews. The mothers talked about what they did in their active mothering years. I argue that despite being constrained by the gender bias in the patriarchal context, these mothers were agents who developed skills that enabled them to resist or creatively deal with the constraints they faced. Their emphasis was on their agency and the power to nurture their children into responsible adults. Their awareness of the importance of their motherwork acted as a motivator in this development. My thesis is that the relationship between each mother and each of her children is a transformative power relationship in which both mother and child are transformedthe child into an independent adult and the mother into a skilled self-motivated agent through her mothenvork. Any threat to this process resulted in the mother doing all she could to resist or counteract the constraintls she was encountering. Transformative power expressed in motherwork can be recognised analytically by several characteristics. It empowers both parties in the motherlchild duality. Complexity, diversity, fluidity, and responsiveness to the physical, intellectual, and emotional aspects of the relationship are all evident in transformative power relationships. Through their own transformation, the mothers saw the falsity of the master narratives of motherhood, prevalent in society in the 1950s and 1960s, which they had believed as inexperienced girls. From their stories about motherwork, I reveal a counter narrative that was portrayed not only in their telling of their stories: but in their discursivelreflexive practices as mothers.

Orientador: Maria Tereza Duarte Paes Luchiari / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T17:59:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sotratti_MarceloAntonio_M.pdf: 10571387 bytes, checksum: 0cef57a1e801cac3aadf3d0c07c5fc3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Résumé: Cette recherche approche, à l'effet de la réhabilitation urbaine, les anciens secteurs des villes dotés du patrimoine culturel. Elle démontre, avec des réflexions théoriques, l'association de cette stratégie avec les intérêts des groupes économiques et sociaux aux échelles locales et globales. Le paysage urbain est aussi anaIysé et affirme l' expression des proces sociaux et historiques des lieux, par Ia materialité symbolique du paysage. Dans cet aspect, la recherche démontre que la réhabilitation urbaine résulte en la théâtralisation du patrimoine culturel comme un scénario du tourisme et de la consommation. Avec dês importantes comparaisons,comme le modele de la réhabilitation urbaine de Barcelone et d'autres villes mondiales - et son association avec la pIanification stratégique, et le cãs brésilien emblématique: le Programa de Recuperação do Centro Histórico de Salvador - Pelourinho, BA, elle établis les reIations entre le patrimoine cuIturel, dans Ies projects de réhabilitation et le tourisme. À travers de l'analyse des activités locaIes au Pelourinho et de l'étude des mouvements touristiques, les questions initiaIes de la recherche sont confirmées. Toutefois, la réaction de la population à ce proces est manifesté par la formation des territorialités horizontales. L'importance de ce travail se résume em approfondir des réflexions sur la dynamique sociaIe et espaciaIe des villes contemporains, tellement bien comme sa logique et ses conflits, en contribuant avec le développement dês nouvelles Iignes conceptuelles pour les plans d'aménagement des villes à l'avenir / Resumo: A presente pesquisa aborda os efeitos da requalificação urbana em antigas áreas dotadas de patrimônio cultural.Demonstra, através de uma discussão teórica, a associação dessa estratégia com os interesses de grupos econômicos e sociais ligados às escalas local e global. A paisagem urbana também é analisada através de sua materialidade simbólica, expressando os processos sociais e históricos das localidades. Nesse aspecto, constata que a requalificação urbana acaba espetacularizando o patrimônio cultural, e transformando-o num cenário para o turismo e o consumo. Realiza algumas comparações importantes, como o modelo de requalificação urbana de Barcelona e outras cidades mundiais - e sua associação com o planejamento estratégico, com o emblemático caso brasileiro: o Programa de Recuperação do Centro Histórico de Salvador - Pelourinho, BA. A partir da análise do uso do solo no Centro Histórico de Salvador e de seus fluxos turísticos, confirma-se a questão inicial da pesquisa. Entretanto, observa-se ainda a reação da população local a esse processo, ao detectar a formação de algumas territorialidades horizontais. A importância deste trabalho se resume no aprofundamento das reflexões sobre a dinâmica sócio-espacial das cidades contemporâneas, bem como sua lógica e conflitos, de forma a contribuir com o desenvolvimento de novas linhas conceituais para o planejamento das cidades futuras / Abstract: The present research approaches the effects ofthe urban rehabilitation in old areas's heritage. 1t demonstrates, through a theoretical reflection, the association of this urban strategy with the economic and social interests of the local and global groups. The urban landscape is also analyzed, through its symbolic materiality, and expresses the social and historical processes of the localities. fu this way, it evidences that the urban rehabilitation adopts the cultural heritage as a spectacular scene for the tourism and the consumption activities. It carries out some important comparisons, like the model of urban rehabilitation of Barcelona and other world-wide cities - and its association with the strategical plarming, to the emblematic Brazilian case: the Programa de Recuperação do Centro Histórico de Salvador - Pelourinho, BA. From the analysis of the Centro Histórico de Salvador activities and the tourist flows studies, the initials questions of this research are confrnned. However, the reaction of the local population to this process is detected through the horizontal territorialities observed in this brazilian area. The importance of this work is to enlarge the reflections about the social and spacial dynamics of the contemporaries cities, as well as its logic and conflicts, and contributes with the development of new conceptual ideas for the planning ofthe future cities / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

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Segregation has many negative consequences for marginalized populations, including poor health, increased poverty, low-quality housing, and limited education and employment opportunities. Scholars have recently recognized access to food as another piece of this “advanced marginality.” This study illuminates how lagging food and transportation infrastructures exacerbates these interlocking inequalities and whether new ride-hail technologies' promise that ride-hail services like Uber and Lyft will help affected populations access food stores with lower prices and higher food quality. As a descriptive understanding of the intersection between food, transportation, and racial residential segregation in Chicago, Illinois, this study analyzes two questions: (1) how often are ride-hail trips crossing food desert census tract boundaries; and (2) are ride-hail trips that cross food desert census tract boundaries accessing food stores? Using spatial analyses of the City of Chicago’s ride-hail transportation data, food store location data, American Community Survey data, and USDA food desert classification data, this study finds that ride-hail services are accessing food desert neighborhoods, but they are doing so at a very low rate, and very few ride-hail rides are used to access food stores after departing from food desert neighborhoods.

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