Simulations alternatively assuming a landscape with and without urbanization plus open-cast mining were performed with a non-hydrostatic model. lt is examined whether the atmospheric response to landuse changes is sensitive to the direction of the geostrophic wind. The results of simulations with the same geostrophic wind direction show that except for the cloud and precipitating particles the daily domain-averages of the variables of state hardly differ for the different landscapes. Nevertheless, the local weather may be affected appreciably over and downwind of the altered surfaces. The significant differences in the cloud and precipitating particles, however, are not bound to the environs of the landuse changes. Generally, the most significant differences occur for the cloud and precipitation particles, the soil wetness factors and the vertical component of the wind vector. The latter changes strongly influence the cloud and precipitation formation by the interaction cloud microphysics-dynamics. The results also indicate that for most of the quantities the local magnitude of the atmospheric response changes for the various directions of the geostrophic wind. However, the differences of the domain-averaged 24h-accumulated evapotranspiration are similar for all geostrophic wind directions. / Um zu untersuchen, ob die atmosphärische Antwort auf Landnutzungsänderungen sensitiv zur Richtung des geostrophischen Windes ist, wurden Simulationen durchgeführt, bei denen alternativ eine Landschaft mit und ohne Urbanisierung plus Tagebauten angenommen wurde. Die Simulationsergebnisse zeigen, daß - außer für Wolken- und Niederschlagspartikel - die täglichen Gebietsmittelwerte der Zustandsvariablen sich kaum für die beiden Landschaften unterscheiden. Trotzdem kann das lokale Wetter merklich über und im Lee der Oberflächen mit veränderter Landnutzung beeinflußt werden. Die signifikanten Differenzen in den Wolken- und Niederschlagspartikeln sind jedoch nicht an die unmittelbare Nähe der Landnutzungsänderungen gebunden. Generell treten die signifikanten Unterschiede bei den Wolkenund Niederschlagspartikeln, der Bodenfeuchte und der Vertikalkomponente des Windvektors auf. Letztere beeinflussen stark die Wolken- und Niederschlagsbildung durch die Wechselwirkung Wolkenmikrophysik-Dynamik. Die Ergebnisse zeigen außerdem, daß lokal der Grad der atmosphärischen Reaktion für die meisten Größen bei unterschiedlicher Richtung des geostrophischen Windes anders ausfällt. Die Differenzen der Gebietsmittelwerte der 24h-akkumulierten Evapotranspiration gleichen sich jedoch für alle Richtungen des geostrophischen Windes.

Surface waters containing fecal bacteria present significant public health risks. Understanding the sources of and factors affecting the distribution of fecal-indicating bacteria is necessary to predict potential illnesses more effectively. This thesis presents two studies on the distribution of fecal bacteria in the James River through Richmond, Virginia. Chapter 1 describes nearly 11 years of water quality, climate, and hydrologic data that occurred with changes in Escherichia coli concentrations, concluding that Richmond contributes significant quantities of fecal bacteria to the James River, and that the distribution of these bacteria varies seasonally. Chapter 2 details the development of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based methods to identify four common pathogenic taxa of fecal bacteria, and indicates that the factors controlling the distribution of these pathogens may be taxa-specific. Both studies, taken together, indicate that urbanization increases the presence of fecal bacteria and pathogens in this system, and that recreational contact with the river presents potential health risks.

Fall cankerworm (FCW) outbreaks have recently increased in frequency and intensity in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, especially around cities of Charlotte, NC and Richmond, VA. This study evaluated the effects of two landscape features associated with urbanization, impervious surface and forest cover, on population patterns of FCW and its parasitoids across eastern Virginia. Forest cover was positively related to parasitism rates while impervious surface was positively related to FCW abundance, suggesting that FCW outbreaks may be amplified in urban areas. FCW abundance declined over the two-year period of this study, but parasitism rate increased at most sites. Parasitism was highest at sites that experienced FCW outbreaks first, indicating that parasitoid populations are responding to moth abundances. It remains to be seen whether this outbreak was an aberrant occurrence, or represents a regime shift to more frequent defoliation in Virginia, similar to that in North Carolina urban areas.

The Tangipahoa River and Natalbany River watersheds (Tangipahoa Parish/County) in the Lake Pontchartrain Basin (southeastern Louisiana) are experiencing rapid urbanization, particularly in the wake of the 2005 hurricane season. To document the impact of land use on water quality, thirty sites were monitored for surface water physiochemical, geochemical, and bacteriological parameters. Water quality data was compared to land use within four sub-watersheds of the Tangipahoa Watershed and three sub-watersheds of the Natalbany Watershed. Urbanization had the most profound impact on water quality of all land uses. In watersheds with little urban land cover (< 7% with the sub-watershed) waterbodies had low dissolved salt, nutrient, and fecal coliform concentrations and high dissolved oxygen levels. Waterbodies within the urban region (> 28% urban land cover within the sub-watershed) of the parish had significantly greater dissolved salt, nutrient, and fecal coliform concentrations and decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations. Specifically, nutrient and fecal coliform concentrations increased as streams flowed through urban areas. The specific conductance, fecal coliform counts, concentrations of sulfate, HCO3-C, sodium, and nutrients (NO3-N, NO2-N, NH4-N, and PO4-P), and the ratios of Na:Cl, Cl:Br, and SO4:Cl were shown to be the parameters most indicative of urban impacts. Many of the geochemical parameters correlated significantly with each other, particularly within the urban streams (the streams with the greatest concentrations). While fecal coliform counts were high within the urban streams, programs to address malfunctioning wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) appear to be working, with fecal coliform counts declining and dissolved oxygen levels rising during the course of the data collection. In contrast, sites undergoing rapid development showed an increase in turbidity levels and a decrease on dissolved oxygen levels (both going from healthy to unhealthy levels) during the 18-month course of the data collection. By understanding the impacts of urbanization on streams of the Gulf Coast, local and regional municipalities may be able to reduce the impacts in already urbanized areas or mitigate the impacts at the outset of development.

The role of urbanization in the history of civilization is a profound and intricate part of human geography. By utilizing socioeconomic data and then integrating it with more technological innovations, such as remote sensing, the spread of sprawl and the urban corridor can better be mapped and quantified by researchers. Many different types of socioeconomic data were implemented in addition to the remotely sensed data. In this paper, six Landsat 5 TM images were used to create land cover classification maps of the developed or built-up land in St. Tammany Parish from 1984 to 2008. It was found that, in addition to St. Tammany expanding in population, the urban areas are becoming denser using a method called the"remote method." This method is an advanced function of density that allows researchers to estimate consumption of the developed land.

The 21st century has been designated the Urban Century given that over fifty percent of the world's population is reported to be living in cities. Indigenous populations are not alien to this demographic trend. In Mexico, an underestimated 35 percent of the indigenous population lives in cities. Over the last decade, the global demographic transition towards urbanization coupled with city-based indigenous activism has drawn scholars to systematically study indigenous urban experiences as forms of cultural resilience and innovation. Yet, little attention has been paid to the intersection between indigenous populations and the political ecology of urbanization as a dynamic process. This dissertation contributes to a better understanding of the intersection between indigeneity and urbanization by taking a political ecology approach to study the relationship between the Yaqui people and the city of Hermosillo in Sonora, Mexico. The Yaqui people--Yoemem--locate their ancestral homeland along the Yaqui River, about 220 kilometers south of Hermosillo. In the last century, however, they established diasporic communities across the Greater Southwest, including in Hermosillo. This dissertation specifically addresses three overarching questions. First, it asks how urbanization plays a role within indigenous Yaqui struggles over resource governance in a context where people have little political and economic power. Second, it asks how indigenous communities have adapted the cultural practices of their ancestors to marginal urban environments and specifically how they deal with the environmental and legal challenges imposed by the process of urbanization. Finally, it asks how analytical attention to urban indigenous struggles and indigenous accounts of those struggles present a more nuanced history of the urbanization of nature. These research questions were addressed through a mixed-methods approach that integrated twelve months of ethnographic fieldwork, comparative analysis of museum collections, and review of legal materials and documentary sources associated with indigenous rights and urban development at the municipal, state, and national levels. At its core, this dissertation integrates two related but yet-to-be-engaged theoretical discussions: anthropological critiques of the myth of the noble savage who belongs to nature, and political ecology deconstruction of the myth of the modern city that exists outside nature. Research findings indicate that situated urban indigenous experiences constitute an extension of indigenous territories into new areas. In articulating their indigenous identities the Yaquis of Hermosillo incorporate the city into their indigenous homeland, and in turn transform the political ecology of the city.

My diploma paper deals with the monocities theme. Under monocities there are understood cities with a mono-thematic economy structure. Nowadays there are a lot of issues in the monocities as well as social and economic questions to be solved. At the beginning the term monocity is defined and included into historical connections, an attention is also paid to the future trends. I also tried to offer some proposals how to solve the situtation. An implementation of the creative industry (as specified in detail here) has been chosen as a preferred way out. To understand this subject better, I have also added a concrete example -- an art café project.

Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, urbanization has been present on the global scene. The phenomenon urbanization causes people to move from agricultural areas to cities which contain a higher population density. This has an influence on a municipality level in several ways. Sweden is a decentralized unitary nation and therefore the responsibility for different sorts of welfare services are provided by the municipalities. However, population decline in rural municipalities has led to some difficulties. These rural municipalities are facing challenges when trying to provide and afford their citizens with a satisfactory public service. This paper aims to examine this particular social development and reveal which factors have an impact on population growth in Swedish municipalities 2006-2016. It also studies the correlation and level of explanation of these factors by a bivariate correlation analysis and a multivariate regression analysis. The results suggest that agglomeration effects, job opportunities and commuting are the main factors that impact population growth, and which have had a significance during the chosen time period. In conclusion, this study shows that there are several variables that need to be considered regarding social development in rural municipalities in Sweden to ensure the standard of welfare services.

Orientadora: Lúcia Helena Oliveira Silva / Coorientador: António Celso Ferreira / Banca: Cristiano Gustavo Biazzo Simon / Banca: Jozimar Paes de Almeida / Resumo: Contar a história de um fragmento é contar a história do todo, e, inevitavelmente, foi necessário fazer um preâmbulo maior e isso nos levou a discutir várias possibilidades, entre elas, a inevitável necessidade de situar historicamente a cidade de São Paulo dentro dos marcos do capitalismo e, ainda, no interior do capitalismo monopolista-financeiro e de suas políticas neoliberais; da evolução industrial urbana brasileira, seus compassos e contradições envolvidos nas teias político-ideológicas do nacional-desenvolvimentismo de base popular e do desenvolvimentismo associado ao capital transnacional de base civil-militar, e de tudo que isso envolveu em termos de movimentos populacionais e suas consequências sociais. E, ainda, como se teria dado a evolução do pensamento, da produção e da linguagem artística, envolvendo o debate entre as diferentes formas de se entender a finalidade da arte.Tudo isso sem incorrer em excessos formalísticos, procurando utilizar uma escrita e uma disposição de conteúdos didaticamente objetivas e concisas, sem perder de mira a necessidade de contar a história de uma sociedade por meio de algumas de suas maneiras de expressão cultural artística, a partir de uma dada realidade espaço-temporal. A opção pela arte engajada, objeto de denúncia e luta em prol de uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária, pareceu-nos a única possível quando se tratava desses objetivos e, nesse sentido, a descoberta do MPA, sua história e sua produção, nos possibilitou traçar ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Telling the story of a fragment is telling the story of the whole, and inevitably it was necessary to make a greater preamble and this led us to discuss various possibilities, among them, the inevitable need to situate the city of São Paulo historically within The limits of capitalism and, still, within the monopoly-financial capitalism and its neoliberal policies; Of the Brazilian urban industrial evolution, its compasses and contradictions involved in the politico-ideological webs of the popular-based national-developmentalism and the developmentalism associated with transnational civil-military capital, and all that this involved in terms of population movements and their consequences Social rights. And yet, as the evolution of thought, production and artistic language would have occurred, involving the debate between the different ways of understanding the purpose of art.All this without incurring formalistic excesses, seeking to use a writing and a disposition of content objectively and concisely, without losing sight of the need to tell the history of a society through some of its ways of artistic cultural expression, from A given space-time reality. The option for engaged art, the object of denunciation and struggle for a more just and egalitarian society, seemed to us to be the only one possible when it came to these objectives and, in this sense, the discovery of the MPA, its history and its production, enabled us To draw this line of social history through culture ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-02