Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1975. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:39:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 assis_lc_me_botfm.pdf: 533478 bytes, checksum: 648b1b11ae4a09a303139280bec2a197 (MD5) / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Evidências apontam que as mulheres incontinentes no período gestacional podem apresentar redução na função muscular do assoalho pélvico, favorecendo a ocorrência de incontinência urinária tardia, que pode ser prevenida com fisioterapia. O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver um protocolo cinesioterapêutico com exercícios para o assoalho pélvico e analisar a efetividade de sua aplicação sobre a função muscular e continência urinária em primigestas. Um ensaio clínico aleatorizado pragmático foi realizado com 87 gestantes primigestas, avaliadas longitudinalmente em seis encontros ao longo da gestação, divididas em três grupos: GS, que praticou exercícios supervisionados pelo fisioterapeuta; GO, que praticou exercícios sem supervisão e GR que não praticou exercícios. O GS e GO apresentaram aumento da função muscular do assoalho pélvico até o 4º encontro, e no 5º e 6º encontro apresentaram redução dessa função. O GR apresentou declínio da função muscular a partir do 2º encontro. No 1º encontro, 58,6% das gestantes do GS apresentavam incontinência urinária, 51,7% do GO, e 48,3% do GR. No último encontro, o GS apresentou 6,9% das gestantes com incontinência urinária, o GO também com 6,9%, e o GR com 96,6%. Os resultados mostram que exercícios perineais realizados durante a gestação aumentam significativamente a função muscular do assoalho pélvico e diminuem a ocorrência de incontinência urinária. Dada a alta prevalência da incontinência urinária, apontada como conseqüência da perda da função muscular do assoalho pélvico, é essencial desenvolver modelos de intervenção para prevenção, e que possam ser implantados na saúde pública. / Evidence shows that women incontinent during pregnancy may have reduced muscle function of the pelvic floor, causing the occurrence of late urinary incontinence, which can be prevented by physiotherapy. The objective was to develop a protocol with kinesthetic exercises for the pelvic floor and analyze the effectiveness of its application on muscle function and urinary continence in primigravidae. A pragmatic randomized clinical trial was conducted with 87 primiparous women as measured longitudinally in six meetings throughout pregnancy, divided into three groups: GS, who practiced exercises supervised by physical therapist, GO, who practiced exercises without supervision and that GR had not performed. The GS and GO showed increases in muscle function of the pelvic floor to the 4th meeting, and at 5 and 6 meeting showed a reduction of this function. The GR has decreased muscle function from the 2nd meeting. In the 1st meeting, 58.6% of the women's GS had urinary incontinence, 51.7% of GO, and 48.3% of GR. In the last meeting, the GS had 6.9% of pregnant women with urinary incontinence, the GO also with 6.9% and 96.6% with GR. The results show that perineal exercises performed during pregnancy significantly increase the function of the pelvic floor muscle and decrease the occurrence of urinary incontinence. Given the high prevalence of urinary incontinence, identified as a result of loss of muscle function of the pelvic floor is essential to develop models of intervention for prevention and that can be deployed on public health.

The side effects of testosterone for transgender men are often overlooked and under-researched. Urinary incontinence in the form of overactive bladder disorder, stress incontinence, and mixed incontinence may arise or be exacerbated by use of testosterone. Using menopause and other similar hormonal transitions such as pregnancy as a reference, the purpose of this thesis is to fully understand the effects of testosterone replacement therapy on transgender people assigned female at birth, and to fully understand the effect of testosterone replacement therapy on the pelvic floor and why there is a potential increased incidence of urinary incontinence. Menopause and pregnancy are used as reference because these are hormonal transitions associated with a decrease in estrogen levels. The decrease in estrogen causes a looseness in the connective tissue structures, which leads to a lack of support in the pelvic floor muscles, causing a urinary incontinence. With a comparison between menopause, pregnancy, and testosterone replacement therapy established, potential solutions to stress urinary incontinence and overactive bladder disorder will be explored.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 174 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-150).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Bakgrund Urininkontinens är ett av de vanligaste kroniska hälsoproblemen i samhället, där få söker vård för sina besvär, vilket innebär en försämrad livskvalitet. Resultatet huruvida träning påverkar urinläckage varierar i tidigare forskningsstudier.  Syfte Att undersöka punktprevalensen av ansträngningsinkontinens hos fysiskt aktiva nulliparous totalt och uppdelat på olika träningsformer, samt analysera korrelationen mellan upplevd besvärsgrad av urininkontinens och volymen av måttlig till hög aktivitetsnivå bland fysiskt aktiva nulliparous med ansträngningsinkontinens.  Metod Kvantitativ observationsstudie som utfördes via en webbaserad enkät baserad på IPAQ-SF och PFIQ-7. Fysiskt aktiva kvinnor mellan 16–55 år, som var födda med kvinnligt kön, ej fått barn eller varit gravida efter vecka 13 samt ej var elitidrottare inkluderades. Resultat 215 personer besvarade enkäten, 61 exkluderades. Av 154 deltagare upplevde 37 kvinnor besvär av ansträngningsinkontinens (prevalens 24%). De vanligaste aktiviteterna var löpning (prevalens 26%) och gym/styrketräning (prevalens 18%). Högintensiv träning hade en prevalens av ansträngningsinkontinens på 31–38%. Lågintensiv träning hade en prevalens på 19%. Ingen korrelation kunde påvisas mellan upplevda besvär av urininkontinens och volym av måttlig till hög aktivitetsnivå bland kvinnor med ansträngningsinkontinens (r = -0,0489) (p = 0,8). Konklusion Ansträngningsinkontinens är vanligt hos tränande nulliparous. Det är vanligare med ansträngningsinkontinens vid högintensiva aktiviteter jämfört med lågintensiva. Ingen korrelation kunde påvisas mellan upplevd besvärsgrad av urininkontinens hos kvinnor med ansträngningsinkontinens och aktivitetsnivå. Mer forskning kring träning som eventuell riskfaktor och som eventuell behandlingsmetod krävs. / Background Urinary incontinence is one of the most common chronic health issues in society where few seek care meaning a decreased quality of life. Research regarding how exercise affects urinary incontinence varies.  Purpose On one occasion examine the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in physically active (PA) nulliparous in total and divided by activity, and the correlation between perceived level of discomfort of urinary incontinence (UI) and volume of moderate to high activity level amongst PA nulliparous with SUI. Method Quantitative observational study conducted via a web-based survey based on IPAQ-SF and PFIQ-7. PA women, age 16-55, who were born with a female gender, hadn’t given birth or been pregnant after week 13 and weren’t elite athletes were included.  Result 215 women responded to the survey, 61 were excluded. Of 154 participants 37 women experienced SUI (prevalence 24%). Strength training (prevalence 18%) and running (prevalence 26%) were the most common activities. High-intensity training had a prevalence of 31–38%. Low intensity training had a prevalence of 19%. No correlation between experienced level of discomfort of UI and volume of moderate to high level of physical activity amongst women with SUI could be revealed. (r = -0,0489, p = 0,8).   Conclusion  SUI is common amongst exercising women without known risk factors. It is more common with SUI during high-intensity activities compared with low-intensity. No correlation was demonstrated between UI amongst women with SUI and activity level. Research regarding exercise as risk factors and treatment for UI is required.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund Urininkontinens är ett av de vanligaste kroniska hälsoproblemen i samhället, där få söker vård för sina besvär, vilket innebär en försämrad livskvalitet. Resultatet huruvida träning påverkar urinläckage varierar i tidigare forskningsstudier.  Syfte Att undersöka punktprevalensen av ansträngningsinkontinens hos fysiskt aktiva nulliparous totalt och uppdelat på olika träningsformer, samt analysera korrelationen mellan upplevd besvärsgrad av urininkontinens och volymen av måttlig till hög aktivitetsnivå bland fysiskt aktiva nulliparous med ansträngningsinkontinens.  Metod Kvantitativ observationsstudie som utfördes via en webbaserad enkät baserad på IPAQ-SF och PFIQ-7. Fysiskt aktiva kvinnor mellan 16–55 år, som var födda med kvinnligt kön, ej fått barn eller varit gravida efter vecka 13 samt ej var elitidrottare inkluderades. Resultat 215 personer besvarade enkäten, 61 exkluderades. Av 154 deltagare upplevde 37 kvinnor besvär av ansträngningsinkontinens (prevalens 24%). De vanligaste aktiviteterna var löpning (prevalens 26%) och gym/styrketräning (prevalens 18%). Högintensiv träning hade en prevalens av ansträngningsinkontinens på 31–38%. Lågintensiv träning hade en prevalens på 19%. Ingen korrelation kunde påvisas mellan upplevda besvär av urininkontinens och volym av måttlig till hög aktivitetsnivå bland kvinnor med ansträngningsinkontinens (r = -0,0489) (p = 0,8). Konklusion Ansträngningsinkontinens är vanligt hos tränande nulliparous. Det är vanligare med ansträngningsinkontinens vid högintensiva aktiviteter jämfört med lågintensiva. Ingen korrelation kunde påvisas mellan upplevd besvärsgrad av urininkontinens hos kvinnor med ansträngningsinkontinens och aktivitetsnivå. Mer forskning kring träning som eventuell riskfaktor och som eventuell behandlingsmetod krävs. / Abstract Background Urinary incontinence is one of the most common chronic health issues in society where few seek care meaning a decreased quality of life. Research regarding how exercise affects urinary incontinence varies.  Purpose On one occasion examine the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in physically active (PA) nulliparous in total and divided by activity, and the correlation between perceived level of discomfort of urinary incontinence (UI) and volume of moderate to high activity level amongst PA nulliparous with SUI. Method Quantitative observational study conducted via a web-based survey based on IPAQ-SF and PFIQ-7. PA women, age 16-55, who were born with a female gender, hadn’t given birth or been pregnant after week 13 and weren’t elite athletes were included.  Result 215 women responded to the survey, 61 were excluded. Of 154 participants 37 women experienced SUI (prevalence 24%). Strength training (prevalence 18%) and running (prevalence 26%) were the most common activities. High-intensity training had a prevalence of 31–38%. Low intensity training had a prevalence of 19%. No correlation between experienced level of discomfort of UI and volume of moderate to high level of physical activity amongst women with SUI could be revealed. (r = -0,0489, p = 0,8).   Conclusion SUI is common amongst exercising women without known risk factors. It is more common with SUI during high-intensity activities compared with low-intensity. No correlation was demonstrated between UI amongst women with SUI and activity level. Research regarding exercise as risk factors and treatment for UI is required.

Thesis (MMed)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aims of the study Urodynamic studies (UDS) have been suggested to be performed as part of the pre-operative work-up of patients undergoing prolapse surgery. Some women with POP have occult stress urinary incontinence (OSUI) and even if subjectively continent, have a higher incidence of developing de novo stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The aim of this study was to describe the outcome of a group of patients who had pre-operative UDS and manual prolapse reduction. Methods This was a retrospective descriptive study including all women who had prolapse surgery during the period January 2006 to December 2011. Patients received routine pre-operative UDS and manual reduction of prolapse, performed at maximum bladder capacity determined by UDS. Patients demonstrating urodynamic SUI or OSUI were offered a concomitant anti-incontinence procedure. Post-operative follow-up data included symptoms of SUI and clinical evidence of SUI. Results The final group consisted of 131 women. The mean age of the patients was 57 years (range 33 to 79) and parity 3.6 (range 0 to 7). The mean body mass index was 32 (range 19 to 53). Twenty-four (18.3%) women had demonstrable SUI on clinical examination at initial presentation in the clinic. At the time of urodynamic studies, forty patients (30.5%) had evidence of SUI determined by either UDS and/ or cough test in the standing position at maximum bladder capacity. Ninety-one women (69.5%) had no evidence of UI on UDS, of which 20(15.3%) demonstrated OSUI (SUI on manual reduction of prolapse at maximal bladder capacity determined by UDS). Of the 40 women with UI on UDS, 36 had 1-step surgery (combination of anti-incontinence procedure and prolapse repair) and 4 had prolapse surgery alone. Of the 20 women with OSUI on UDS, 16 had 1-step (combined) surgery and 4 prolapse surgeries only. Of the 4 who had prolapse surgery alone, 3 complained of post-operative SUI. In the group with no SUI on UDS and manual reduction of POP, 69 of the 71 women had follow-up data. Only 1 had demonstrable SUI on examination. The manual reduction test had a sensitivity of 42.9% and a specificity of 98.5% (95% CI, 92.0-99.9%). The positive predictive value was 75.0% (95% CI, 19.4-99.3%), with a high negative predictive value of 94.4% (95% CI, 86.2-98.8%). Conclusion The numbers in our study are too small to determine sensitivity and positive predictive value of UDS and manual prolapse reduction for the detection of OSUI. However, our data shows promise in identifying POP patients without OSUI, which is a complement of the hypothesis. We recommend that UDS can be performed pre-operatively in women undergoing prolapse surgery, to identify patients with urodynamic stress incontinence. Manual reduction of the prolapse at maximum bladder capacity can then be done to identify a subgroup of patients without OSUI. Future research is needed on the true predictive value of reduction stress testing with larger numbers. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doel van die studie Urodinamiese studies (UDS) word voorgestel as deel van die pre-operatiewe ondersoeke voor prolaps chirurgie gedoen word. Sommige vroue met genitale prolaps het verborge druklek, en selfs as hulle subjektief kontinent is, het hulle ‘n groter insidensie van de novo druklek. Die doel van die studie was om die uitkoms van ‘n groep pasiënte wat pre-operatiewe UDS en manuele prolaps reduksie gehad het, te beskryf. Metodes Die studie was ‘n retrospektiewe beskrywende studie. Al die pasiënte wat prolapse chirurgie in die tydperk Januarie 2006 tot Desember 2011 gehad het, is ingesluit. UDS en manuele prolaps reduksie tydens maksimale blaaskapasiteit, bepaal deur UDS, was deel van die roetine pre-operatiewe ondersoeke. In die gevalle waar urodinamiese druklek of verborge druklek demonstreer is, is die opsie van ‘n meegaande prosedure vir kontinensie tydens prolaps chirurgie aangebied. Post-operatiewe opvolg inligting het simptome van druklek en kliniese bewys van druklek ingesluit. Resultate Die finale groep was 131 vroue reikwydte. Die gemiddelde ouderdom van die pasiënte was 57 jaar (reikwydte 33 - 79) en pariteit 3.6 (reikwydte 0 - 7). Die gemiddelde liggaamsmassa indeks was 32 (reikwydte 19 - 53). Vier-en-twintig (18.3%) vroue het aantoonbare druklek gehad met kliniese ondersoek tydens die eerste kliniek afspraak. Tydens UDS het 40(30.5%) pasiënte druklek getoon tydens UDS en/ of hoestoets in die staande posisie teen maksimale blaaskapasiteit. Een-en-negentig (69.5%) het geen tekens van urinêre inkontinensie tydens UDS demonstreer nie, waarvan 20(15.3%) verborge druklek demonstreer het (druklek met reduksie van prolapse tydens maksimale blaaskapasiteit, bepaal deur UDS). Veertig pasiënte het urodinamiese druklek gehad, waarvan 36 een-stap chirurgie (‘n kombinasie van prolaps herstel en meegaande kontinensie prosedure) en 4 prolaps chirurgie alleenlik gehad het. Uit die 20 vroue met verborge druklek tydens UDS, het 16 een-stap (kombinasie) chirurgie en 4 prolaps chirurgie alleen gehad. Uit die 4 wat prolaps chirurgie alleen gehad het, het 3 post-operatiewe klagtes van druklek gehad. In die groep wat geen inkontinensie tydens UDS en manuele prolaps reduksie gehad het nie, het 69 van die 71 vroue opvolg data gehad. Druklek kon net by een pasiënt met ondersoek demonstreer word. Die manuele reduksie toets het ‘n sensitiwiteit van 42.9% en ‘n spesifisiteit van 98.5% (95% CI, 92.0-99.9%) gehad. Die positiewe voorspellingswaarde was 75.0% (95% CI, 19.4-99.3%), en die negatiewe voorspellingswaarde was 94.4% (95% CI, 86.2-98.8%). Gevolgtrekking Die getalle in ons studie was te min om te bepaal wat die sensitiwiteit en positiewe voorspellingswaarde van UDS and manuele prolaps reduksie is om verborge druklek te demonstreer. Die belowende data om pasiënte te identifiseer met genitale prolaps sonder verborge druklek (‘n kompliment van die hipotese). UDS kan pre-operatief gedoen word in pasiënte wat prolapse herstel chirurgie benodig, om pasiënte met urodinamiese druklek te identifiseer. Manuele reduksie van die prolaps tydens maksimum blaas kapasiteit kan dan volg, om ‘n subgroep van pasiente sonder verborge druklek, uit te ken. Verdere navorsing, met groter getalle word benodig om die werklike voorspellende waarde van die reduksie toets te ondersoek.

Urinary incontinence has already been identified worldwide for years as a health problem affecting essentially women, which can interfere with their overall quality of life. However in Rwanda, this problem has yet not been addressed adequately either because of lack of expertise, or because of cultural traditions associated with taboos among women. Social conditions of women facing this problem hinder them from seeking possibly adequate medical assistance. It is important that this problem be addressed because it may lead to disability, social seclusion, psychological stress and economic burdens. This study was a pioneer one, intended to diagnose the extent of the problem through determining the prevalence of urinary incontinence as well as its impact on the quality of life among women. The study will hopefully be followed by the promotion of physiotherapy to tackle the problem and therefore reduce the number of people suffering from urinary incontinence.

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Among young women vary the presence of urinary leakage between 28-80% depending on the study and the sport practiced. Poor support in the upper part of the urethra and urinary bladder base is considered the common cause of stress urinary incontinence. Supports are given by the pelvic floor muscles and the key muscles to prevent incontinence. Urinary leakage occurs more frequent in women who engaged in sports that provide a high abdominal pressure. Pelvic floor training is considered to be an effective and safe method to treat stress urinary incontinence and is recommended in the literature as the first treatment action. <strong>Aim:</strong> To examine young active women's experience of urinary incontinence affects their lives. <strong>Method:</strong> A qualitative design with tape-recorded interviews and semi-structured open questions were used as data collection method. A strategic selection was made. Six young active elite sportswomen interviewed. A qualitative content analysis was conducted. <strong>Results:</strong> Four categories were identified: manageable, social limitations, emotional and communication. Main findings shows that young women do not talk about urinary leakage as a problem, they have different ways to cope. Women experience a fear of urinary leakage shall be affected without prior notice and to lose control. The risk of urinary leakage gives concentration difficulties in training. The study shows a great lack of information. <strong>Weighted understanding:</strong> Among young women, there may be a risk that they are more affected by urinary leakage than middle-aged and older women, in terms of their experience of urinary leakage and leak impact on their lives. This in view of the ideals which today makes high demands and is difficult to live up to. Women get often their first information on the basin floor exercise to prevent urinary leakage at childbirth. This information should take place earlier.</p> / <p><strong>Bakgrund: </strong>Hos unga elitidrottare varierar förekomsten av urinläckage mellan 28-80 % beroende på studie och vilken sport som utövas. Dåligt stöd i övre delen av urinröret och urinblåsans botten anses vara den valigaste orsaken till ansträngningsinkontinens. Stödet ges av bäckenbottenmuskulaturen och dess viktiga muskler för att förhindra inkontinens. Urinläckage förekommer oftare hos kvinnor som utövar sporter som ger ett högt buktryck. Bäckenbottenträning anses vara en effektiv och säker metod för att behandla ansträngningsinkontinens och rekommenderas i litteraturen som första behandlingsåtgärd.<strong> </strong><strong>Syfte: </strong>Att undersöka yngre aktiva idrottande kvinnors upplevelse av om urininkontinens påverkar deras livssituation. <strong>Metod: </strong>En kvalitativ metod med bandade intervjuer och halvstrukturerade öppna frågor användes som datainsamlingsmetod. Ett strategiskt urval gjordes. Sex yngre kvinnliga aktiva elitidrottare intervjuades. En kvalitativ innehålls analys utfördes.<strong> Resultat: </strong>Fyra kategorier identifierades: Hanterbarhet, sociala begränsningar, Emotionellt och kommunikation. Huvudesultatet visar att yngre kvinnor inte pratar om urinläckage som ett problem, de hade olika sätt att hantera situationen. Kvinnorna upplevde en rädsla för att urinläckage skulle ske utan förvarning och för att tappa kontrollen. Risk för urinläckage gav koncentrationssvårigheter vid träning. Studien visar en stor informationsbrist.  <strong>Sammanvägd förståelse: </strong>Hos yngre kvinnor kan det finnas en risk för att de påverkas mer av urinläckage än medelålders och äldre kvinnor, när det gäller  upplevelsen av urinläckage och läckagets påverkan på  livssituationen. Detta med tanke på de ideal som idag ställer stora krav och är svåra att leva upp till. Kvinnor får oftast sin första information om bäcken botten träning för att förebygga urinläckage vid barnafödande. Denna information bör ske tidigare. <strong></strong></p>