Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 174-180).

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O esforÃo de sÃntese que compÃe este estudo resgata os usos e sentidos que a PraÃa adquiriu na histÃria de Fortaleza, transformando-se em reservatÃrio de prÃticas, representaÃÃes e atores sociais. O trabalho aqui desenvolvido foi resultado de Pesquisa bibliogrÃfica e de campo, incluindo uma incursÃo à histÃria das PraÃas PÃblicas de Fortaleza durante os sÃculos XVIII, XIX, XX e XXI, possibilitando-me circunscrever detalhes das composiÃÃes paisagÃsticas, e comportamentais inseridas nestes importantes logradouros da cidade. LÃcus essenciais para a concretizaÃÃo do convÃvio e das relaÃÃes pÃblicas, as praÃas fazem parte da memÃria individual e coletiva da cidade. Enquanto espaÃos dinÃmicos, se (re) significam nas conexÃes de tempo e espaÃo assumindo diferentes usos. Entre reformulaÃÃes e intervenÃÃes urbanÃsticas do passado, tais logradouros incorporaram diferentes equipamentos e demarcaram novos estilos de âcivilizaÃÃoâ entre os moradores da urbe. No tempo presente, reapropriadas pelo capital e por novos movimentos de resistÃncia, configuram-se na atualidade como espaÃos de consumo e mercantilizaÃÃo, ao mesmo tempo em que tambÃm incorporam o sentido de Ãgoras modernas e de espaÃos para a afirmaÃÃo da diversidade. Servindo como palco central para os dramas e conflitos da cidade, revelam atualmente um borramento de fronteiras entre o formal e o informal, o legal e o ilegal, o legÃtimo e o ilegÃtimo. Para demonstrar esta fusÃo de sentidos e significados na praÃa contemporÃnea, faÃo um passeio etnogrÃfico pela PraÃa de FÃtima em Fortaleza, enquanto territÃrio emblemÃtico que revela âhibridizaÃÃes de usosâ entre o âsagradoâ e o âprofanoâ e que por isso adquire a marca de âespaÃo sÃnteseâ, sendo apropriada por mÃltiplos atores, dentre eles trabalhadores do mercado informal, âfiÃisâ, âmoradores de ruaâ, âprestadores de serviÃosâ e âusuÃrios de drogaâ. / The synthesis effort that composes this study rescues the uses and meanings which the square acquired in the history of Fortaleza, becoming reservoir of practices, representations and social actors. The work developed here was the result of bibliographic and field research, including a foray into the history of public squares in Fortaleza during the eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first, allowing me to circumscribe details of landscape and behavioral compositions, inserted in these important thoroughfares of city. Essential locus for the achievement of conviviality and public relations, the squares are part of individual and collective memory of the city. While dynamic spaces, (re) connections in the time and space assuming different uses. Among reformulations and urban interventions of the past, such thoroughfares incorporated different equipment and staked new styles of "civilization" among the residents of the city. At the present time, reappropriated by the capital and by new resistance movements, squares take shape today as spaces of consumption and commodification, while also incorporating the sense of agoras and modern spaces for the affirmation of diversity. Serving as the center stage for dramas and conflicts of the city, they currently reveal a blurring of boundaries between formal and informal, legal and illegal, legitimate and illegitimate. In order to demonstrate this fusion of meanings in contemporary square, I walk through the ethnographic Fatima Square in Fortaleza, as an emblematic territory which reveals "hybridizations uses " between "sacred" and "profane" and therefore acquires the mark "synthesis space" and is suitable for multiple stakeholders, including workers in the informal market, "faithful", "homeless", "service" and "drug users".

The weir was built by Joaquim Tavora DNOCS between the years 1932 and 1933 with the main objective to meet irrigation and fish farming. Its construction allowed the installation of residents in the region, thus resulting in the district Wizard, which appeared as a good location to stay, even during periods of drought, common in the region, passing also being used to supply the perpetuation sorcerer e creek leisure .Multiple uses of this reservoir can produce many problems, especially when water availability is limited by quantity or quality, which can generate conflicts. No case the weir Joaquim Tavora, it is observed that, in the years of âwater abundance " issues related to water availability are not discussed , the conflict over access and use of water is forgotten , returning , however, during periods of low fluid intake , coupled with increased demand and lack of more public policy research efficient. That investigated the conflict that was established by the use of the public water reservoir Joaquim Tavora, leading to Terms of Adjustment of Conduct - TAC, established by the State Prosecutor of the District of Jaguaribe, with signatures of irrigators on October 3, 2012, which was to determine if requiring irrigators responsabilizassem for cleaning the stretch of its stream his property, with a minimum margin of two feet wide. The term also includes the adequacy of existing along the creek and other irregularities which may impair the flow of water in the creek bed Wizard buses. The survey aimed to: identify key users involved in the conflict; locate and map the points of resistance whether or not the TAC; relate the multiple uses of water from the reservoir and identify ways of attracting water used by users, both surrounding the reservoir and in the downstream region. To arrive at the results achieved, we adopted a methodology of direct and indirect investigations, with questionnaires aimed at rural populations surrounding the weir; visits to obtain quantitative and qualitative data, and questionnaires to users of the water reservoir. / O aÃude Joaquim TÃvora foi construÃdo pelo DNOCS entre os anos 1932 e 1933, com o objetivo principal de atender a irrigaÃÃo e a piscicultura. A sua construÃÃo possibilitou a instalaÃÃo de moradores na regiÃo, surgindo assim o distrito de Feiticeiro, que se apresentava como uma localidade propÃcia à permanÃncia, inclusive nos perÃodos de estiagem, comuns na regiÃo, passando, tambÃm, a ser utilizado para abastecimento, perenizaÃÃo do Riacho Feiticeiroe lazer. Os mÃltiplos usos desse aÃude podem produzir vÃrios problemas, especialmente quando a disponibilidade de Ãgua à limitada por sua quantidade ou por sua qualidade, o que pode gerar conflitos. No caso do aÃude Joaquim TÃvora, observa-se que, nos anos de âfartura hÃdricaâ, as questÃes relacionadas à disponibilidade de Ãgua nÃo sÃo discutidas, o conflito pelo acesso e uso da Ãgua fica esquecido, retornando, contudo, nos perÃodos de baixo aporte hÃdrico, aliado ao aumento da demanda e a falta de mais polÃticas pÃblicas eficientes. Essa pesquisa investigou o conflito que foi estabelecido pelo uso dÂÃgua do aÃude pÃblico Joaquim TÃvora, levando ao Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta â TAC, estabelicido pela Promotoria PÃblica Estadual da Comarca de Jaguaribe, com assinaturas dos irrigantes no dia 03 de outubro de 2012, que teve como determinaÃÃo exigir que os irrigantes se responsabilizassem pela limpeza do trecho do riacho respectivo a sua propriedade, respeitando uma margem mÃnima de dois metros de largura. O termo tambÃm prevà a adequaÃÃo dos barramentos existentes ao longo do riacho e outras irregularidades que venham a comprometer o fluxo de Ãgua no leito do riacho feiticeiro. A pesquisa teve ainda como objetivos: identificar os principais usuÃrios envolvidos no conflito; localizar e mapear os pontos de resistÃncia ao cumprimento ou nÃo do TAC; relacionar os usos mÃltiplos da Ãgua do reservatÃrio e identificar os meios de captaÃÃo de Ãgua utilizada pelos usuÃrios, tanto no entorno do aÃude quanto na regiÃo a jusante. Para chegar aos resultados alcanÃados, foi adotada uma metodologia de investigaÃÃes diretas e indiretas, com aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrios dirigidos Ãs populaÃÃes rurais localizadas no entorno do aÃude; visitas, para obter dados quantitativos e qualitativos; e aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrios aos usuÃrios da Ãgua do aÃude.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Alterações celulares e neurovasculares na polpa têm sido relacionadas a forças ortodónticas, usadas na movimentação dentária. As alterações observadas são geralmente relacionadas a alterações vasculares na polpa. Os primeiros estudos sobre alterações do fluxo sangüíneo pulpar (FSP) durante a movimentação dentária foram realizados usando técnicas qualitativas (e. g., cortes histológicos), e quantitativas (e. g., micro-esferas radioativas ou fluorescentes, radioespirometria). Tais técnicas são invasivas, destrutivas e não permitem o estudo de alterações dinâmicas do fluxo. Recentemente a fluxometria laser Doppler (FLD), uma técnica não invasiva, tem sido usada no estudo de alterações dinâmicas do FSP em humanos em condições próximas às reais. Mas os estudos disponíveis na literatura, usando a FLD, ainda são limitados a movimentos experimentais, pois ainda existem limitações práticas na FLD. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi, usando a FLD, estudar alterações do FSP de voluntários submetidos a duas fases de um tratamento ortodôntico corrente (nivelamento e retração), dentro de condições clinicas reais. Doze voluntários foram monitorados durante a fase de nivelamento e treze voluntários foram monitorados durante a fase de retração, antes da aplicação de forças, 20 minutos, 48h, 72h e 1 mês depois de aplicadas as forças. Analisando os resultados obtidos, durante as duas fases estudas foram encontradas evidências estatísticas suficientes para inferir que ocorrem alterações significativas no FSP, quando medidas via FLD, durante os movimentos e forças estudadas, nos seguintes momentos investigados: diminuição do FSP nos momentos 20 minutos, 48h e 72h. Durante o nivelamento, no dia 30 o FSP é próximo ou igual ao basal. Durante a retração, no dia 30 o fluxo ainda permanece diminuído. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Networks of indigenous irrigating farmers played an influential role in the Cochabamba Water War of 2000 that succeeded in ousting the major water company Bechtel from Bolivia and securing changes to the national legislation to recognize indigenous water rights. In their mobilization against privatization, the irrigators used a narrative grounded in the defense of their water rights and traditional uses and customs or usos y costumbres. Following the Water War, the irrigators effectively organized to have their traditional water rights recognized in the new Irrigation Law no. 2878, which was signed into law in 2004, and the Regulations, which came into effect in 2006. This paper critically examines the impacts of the Irrigation Law on access to water in the heavily farmed region of the Cochabamba Valley. It asks whether the social inequalities amongst farming communities, often exacerbated by usos y costumbres, are being reinforced through the law’s implementation. An analysis of the political processes of institutional change and the power dynamics in the rural water sector reveals that the configuration of power asymmetries formalized in the Irrigation Law maintains unequal access to water resources.

A questionnaire survey of municipal water-supply agencies British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California was conducted for the purpose of comparing present management policies within and among the regions. Regression techniques were employed in an attempt to determine what factors influence the intensity of recreation occurring on a reservoir or watershed. A search of available literature was made to establish the 'facts' regarding water contamination through recreational use, the transmission of disease through water supplies, and the treatment of water to eliminate bacteria and viruses. The costs involved in the use or non-use of domestic water-supply areas for recreation were examined as were the major arguments for and against recreational use of these areas. The analysis of the questionnaire returns showed that in comparison with British Columbia, the States of Washington, Oregon and California all exhibited a higher level of water-supply management. Secondary uses were most prevalent in California and all of the respondents classifying themselves as 'secondary-use' agencies included recreation as one of the uses. In contrast to the situation in Washington and Oregon, and especially in British Columbia, recreational use in California was primarily a regulated use and very often planned and managed in detailed fashion with strict controls. The regression and correlation analysis showed some statistically significant but very weak relationships. The equations produced accounted for very little of the variation in the dependent variable (recreational-use score) and had very large standard errors of estimate. For the systems analyzed, the intensity of recreation occurring on a reservoir or watershed was related to such agency characteristics as present population served, percentage domestic use, degree of water treatment, average percentage of municipally or agency managed lands, average percentages of forest and shrub covered buffer and watershed lands and recreation opportunity in surrounding areas. From the search of pertinent literature and the questionnaire results, it was established that well planned and managed recreation facilities can be operated in conjunction with domestic water-supply facilities and have minimal effects on raw water quality. The potential hazard of disease transmission through the water system was fully recognized; however, water treatment techniques that will reduce this risk to a minimum are presently, available. On the basis of the research carried out in this study it was concluded that when conducted in accord with an ecologically sound management plan, recreation and the production of high quality potable water are indeed mutually compatible land uses. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

Due to the evolution of new media technologies, social networking websites have become major avenues for online media consumption. Twitter is one of many proven beneficial for online users. It is utilized for many different reasons, one of which includes music. It is then necessary to know how beneficial Twitter is for music fans and consumers. This study attempts to analyze the benefits of Twitter for music fans and consumers. Using an online survey, different gratification items are measured. Results reveal that some music fans and consumers do use Twitter for music purposes and that there is a statistically significant difference in terms of gratifications between those who use Twitter for music purposes and those who do not.