Mientras que en nuestro país las investigaciones arqueológicas, históricas y paleoambientales en los espacios de alta montaña destacan por su escasez, numerosos estudios europeos han demostrando la existencia de una intensa ocupación y explotación humana desde la Prehistoria a nuestros días. Los estudios realizados en sectores pirenaicos han señalado que dicha gestión humana se caracterizó por una destacada variabilidad regional en términos de prácticas humanas y modos de ocupación durante el Holoceno. Sin embargo, el estudio integrado arqueológico y paleoambiental de la gestión antrópica de sectores altimontanos pirenaicos a escala microregional ha sido realizada de manera muy puntual y es actualmente un ámbito de estudio poco explorado. La presente Tesis doctoral se inscribe en un proyecto de investigación interdisciplinar en el campo de la Arqueología del Paisaje desarrollado en el valle del Madriu-Perafita-Claror (VMPC, Andorra), declarado Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO en el 2004. Este trabajo pretende reconstruir la gestión humana y la configuración paisajística de los paisajes culturales pirenaicos durante el Holoceno, tomando como escenario de estudio los sectores altimontanos del valle del Madriu-Perafita-Claror y valorando aquellos factores de carácter socio-cultural y/o climático-ambiental que han contribuido a la culturización de estos espacios y a su modelado paisajístico. Asimismo se pretende caracterizar los diferentes usos del suelo altimontanos, determinar el impacto paisajístico de los mismos y su papel en la configuración paisajística del valle a nivel microregional.Para cumplir estos objetivos se ha llevado a cabo un estudio paleoambiental multi-proxy a alta resolución temporal y espacial que combina el análisis del polen en secuencias naturales con otros indicadores que proporcionan información de carácter local, como estomas, microfósiles no polínicos (NPPs) o partículas carbonosas. Siguiendo una estrategia microregional, se han estudiado dos lagos y dos turberas de reducido tamaño situadas a diferentes altitudes y en diferentes sectores del valle del Madriu situados entre 2.100 y 2.530 m. Los resultados paleoambientales se han comparado con aquellos obtenidos en otras dos turberas situadas en el valle del Madriu y en el valle de Perafita-Claror (Miras et al. 2007; Miras et al. en prensa) con el fin de detectar posibles variabilidades en la gestión y estructuración paisajística de carácter "intra-valle" (en los diferentes sectores del valle del Madriu) e "inter-valle" (entre los valles del Madriu y de Perafita-Claror"). Finalmente, estos resultados han sido integrados con la información arqueológica obtenida en el marco del proyecto interdisciplinar (Orengo 2007; Palet et al. 2007), siendo así posible poner de manifiesto la complejidad de la gestión humana altimontana a lo largo del tiempo en este sector pirenaico.Los resultados de este trabajo destacan la existencia en el VMPC de diferentes fases de gestión humana y variabilidad paisajística de carácter microregional "intra-valle" e "inter-valle" desde el Neolítico inicial al Bronce inicial y desde el periodo romano a época contemporánea. Este estudio demuestra que la variabilidad paisajística no se relaciona necesariamente con parámetros topográficos o climáticos, destacando el papel de los parámetros sociales, económicos y culturales en la estructuración de la gestión del medio y la configuración del paisaje de alta montaña desde la Prehistoria. Este estudio, además, pone de manifiesto que los espacios de alta montaña son paisajes culturales, resultado de la interacción a lo largo del tiempo de una gestión humana diversificada en la que no sólo destaca el pastoreo sino también otras actividades relacionadas con la explotación forestal y minero-metalúrgica (explotación de resina, carboneo, metalurgia). Finalmente, destaca el valor de los estudios integrados paleoambientales multi-proxy y arqueológicos desarrollados a una escala microregional como una estrategia de estudio adecuada para el análisis de la gestión humana y el cambio paisajístico en sectores de montaña durante el Holoceno.Palabras clave: paisajes culturales, reconstrucción del paisaje, variabilidad paisajística microregional, usos del suelo altimontanos, estudio multi-proxy, polen, alta montaña, arqueología del paisaje, Pirineos orientales, Holoceno / Previous research acknowledges the ancient and complex land-use history of European mountainous areas, which are characterised by a remarkable regional variability in terms of human practices and patterns of occupation during the Holocene. However, the combined palaeoenvironmental and archaeological study of highland human management at a microregional scale remains a largely unexplored research field, especially in the Pyrenees. This PhD project was performed as a part of an integrated palaeoenvironmental and archaeological research program which aims to understand the long-term shaping of the Madriu-Perafita-Claror valley (MPCV, Andorra), a high mountain cultural landscape included in 2004 in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Main objectives of this study are, firstly, to reconstruct human management and landscape shaping of high altitudinal Pyrenean spaces along the Holocene assessing those environmental and/or human factors involved, and secondly, to reconstruct microregional land-use and landscape variability in the shaping of highland spaces.To accomplish these objectives a high temporal resolution palaeoenvironmental study which combines pollen with other biological proxies providing more local information such as stomata, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), and macrocharcoal charred particles was carried out in the upper subalpine and alpine belts of the MPCV following a fine spatial-resolution strategy. Four nearby small peat and lake basins were studied at different altitudes and landscape settings of the main Madriu valley. Palaeoenvironmental results were afterwards compared with those of two other peat sequences located at the Madriu and the Perafita valley (Miras et al. 2007; Miras et al. in press) in order to detect small-scale land-use variability at both intra-valley (within the Madriu valley) and inter-valley (between Madriu and Perafita valley) scales. Palaeoecological results were further integrated with archaeological local data, and together underline the marked complexity of high mountain land-use system over the Holocene period. Results drawn from this study stress the existence in the MPCV of different phases of microregional land-use and landscape variability at both intra-valley and inter-valley scales from the early Neolithic to the early Bronze Age and from the Roman Period to the Modern Era. The study show that landscape variability is not necessarily connected to topographic or climatic parameters, and underline the role of social, economical and cultural parameters in the land-use organisation and the landscape shaping of high mountain spaces since Prehistory. This study depicts highlands as cultural landscapes resulting from the long-term interaction of a diversified rage of land-uses, comprising grazing but also other activities related with woodland exploitation. Finally it demonstrates the value of combined palaeoenvironmental multi-proxy records and archaeological studies carried out at a microregional scale in the study of human mountain management and landscape change during the Holocene.Keywords: cultural landscapes, landscape change, microregional landscape variability, high-mountain land-use, multi-proxy study, pollen, high mountain, landscape archaeology, eastern Pyrenees, Holocene / Previous research acknowledges the ancient and complex land-use history of European mountainous areas, which are characterised by a remarkable regional variability in terms of human practices and patterns of occupation during the Holocene. However, the combined palaeoenvironmental and archaeological study of highland human management at a microregional scale remains a largely unexplored research field, especially in the Pyrenees. This PhD project was performed as a part of an integrated palaeoenvironmental and archaeological research program which aims to understand the long-term shaping of the Madriu-Perafita-Claror valley (MPCV, Andorra), a high mountain cultural landscape included in 2004 in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Main objectives of this study are, firstly, to reconstruct human management and landscape shaping of high altitudinal Pyrenean spaces along the Holocene assessing those environmental and/or human factors involved, and secondly, to reconstruct microregional land-use and landscape variability in the shaping of highland spaces.To accomplish these objectives a high temporal resolution palaeoenvironmental study which combines pollen with other biological proxies providing more local information such as stomata, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), and macrocharcoal charred particles was carried out in the upper subalpine and alpine belts of the MPCV following a fine spatial-resolution strategy. Four nearby small peat and lake basins were studied at different altitudes and landscape settings of the main Madriu valley. Palaeoenvironmental results were afterwards compared with those of two other peat sequences located at the Madriu and the Perafita valley (Miras et al. 2007; Miras et al. in press) in order to detect small-scale land-use variability at both intra-valley (within the Madriu valley) and inter-valley (between Madriu and Perafita valley) scales. Palaeoecological results were further integrated with archaeological local data, and together underline the marked complexity of high mountain land-use system over the Holocene period. Results drawn from this study stress the existence in the MPCV of different phases of microregional land-use and landscape variability at both intra-valley and inter-valley scales from the early Neolithic to the early Bronze Age and from the Roman Period to the Modern Era. The study show that landscape variability is not necessarily connected to topographic or climatic parameters, and underline the role of social, economical and cultural parameters in the land-use organisation and the landscape shaping of high mountain spaces since Prehistory. This study depicts highlands as cultural landscapes resulting from the long-term interaction of a diversified rage of land-uses, comprising grazing but also other activities related with woodland exploitation. Finally it demonstrates the value of combined palaeoenvironmental multi-proxy records and archaeological studies carried out at a microregional scale in the study of human mountain management and landscape change during the Holocene.Keywords: cultural landscapes, landscape change, microregional landscape variability, high-mountain land-use, multi-proxy study, pollen, high mountain, landscape archaeology, eastern Pyrenees, Holocene