Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Kathmandu ist ein stark landwirtschaftlich genutztes Tal in der Gebirgsregion Zentral-Nepals. Einst für seine ertragreiche Landwirtschaft berühmt, sind die Erträge in den letzten Jahren aufgrund ungezügelter Verstädterung und hohem Bevölkerungswachstum immer mehr gefährdet. Eine Evaluation des Kathmandu-Tals nach entscheidungstheoretischen Ansätzen im Hinblick auf den Gemüseanbau erscheint unter dem Aspekt einer nachhaltigen Landnutzung und einer erhöhten Gemüseproduktion notwendig. Es ist ein entscheidender Ansatz dieser Arbeit, die verfügbare Anbauflächen im Kathmandu-Tal in verschiedene Eignungsklassen für den Gemüseanbau zu klassifizieren. Informationen über Zustand und Wert der Anbauflächen wurden aus verschiedensten möglichen Quellen zusammengestellt. Grundsätzliche räumliche und nicht-räumliche Daten wurden einerseits mit Hilfe primärer als auch sekundärer Quellen erfasst. Für den Entscheidungsfindungsprozess wurde sowohl ein ”bottom-up”als auch ein “top-down” Ansatz v erfolgt. Die Methode folgte den Vorgaben der FAO (1976) und den nachfolgenden Fassungen mit einer spezifischen Anpassung an das Untersuchungsgebiet. Der analytische Teil beginnt mit der Entwicklung eines Landesinformationssystems (LIS). Die Evaluation der Beschaffenheit wurde in zwei Phasen durchgeführt, namentlich 1) einer Betrachtung der Bodenfruchtbarkeit 2) einer Evaluation der Sozio-ökonomischen Infrastruktur. Gegenwärtig ist keine Region im hohen Maße fruchtbar (S1) und 31 % bzw. 66 % von insgesamt 23.519 ha fallen in die Kategorien S2 respektive S3. 1.33 % sind nicht nutzbar. Eine potenzielle hohe Bodenfruchtbarkeit kann dann erreicht werden, wenn der derzeitige Bodenzustand durch geeignete Managementmaßnahmen verbessert werden kann. Unter diesem Gesichtspunkt konnten 17.3%, 38.6% bzw. 42.6% des Gebiets mit Hilfe geostatistischer Analysen potenziell den Bodenklassen S1, S2 und S3 zugeordnet werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse wurden weiterhin mit den Ergebnissen ein er sozio-ökonomischen Evaulation kombiniert. Die Umweltbedingungen, sozialen Parameter und ökonomischen Indikatoren beschreiben die Hauptkriterien der Untersuchung und werden in 15 Unter-Kriterien zur Evaluation der 85 LMU im Untersuchungsgebiet unterteilt. Für eine Einschätzung der Gewichtung der Unter-Kriterien wurde ein paarweiser Vergleich mittels eines AHP-Prozesses ausgearbeitet. Als Endergebnis wurden dann thematische Karten des Kathmandu-Tals erstellt. Die endgültigen Ergebnisse dieser Analyse zeigt, dass 90% des Anbaugebietes im Kathmandu-Tal gut für den Gemüseanbau geeignet sein können und damit etwa mehr als 70% des Bedarfs im Kathmandu-Tal decken kann. Abschließend lässt sich sagen, dass die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit nicht nur den Bauern der Region vermittelt werden sollten, damit sie das Potenzial ihres Landes bestmöglich ausnutzen können, sie sollten außerdem ein Werkzeug für Landschaftsplaner für eine bessere Planung der Landnutzung darstellen. / Kathmandu is a valley situated in hilly area of central Nepal which is famous for agricultural business but in recent years vegetable production is jeopardized due to rampant urbanization and high population growth. For sustainable land use and better condition of vegetable production in Kathmandu, multi-criteria land suitability evaluation is felt necessary. The research objective is set as to classify available agricultural land area of Kathmandu valley into the order of different suitable classes for vegetable crop cultivation. Field level information has been gathered. Spatial and non spatial data were obtained through primary as well as secondary sources. Both bottom-up and Top-down approach for decision making process were applied. Methodology follows the guidelines prepared by FAO (1976) and later version with site specific modification. Analytical part begins with development of Land information System (LIS). Suitability evaluation was carried out in two different pha ses, namely 1) Physical land suitability evaluation and 2) Socio-economic-infrastructural land evaluation. Currently no land units are highly suitable (S1) and 31 and 66 percent area of 23519ha are falls under S2 and S3 category respectively. 1.33 percent land is unsuitable. If land condition is improved and updated from current physical suitability with appropriate management input, potential land suitability will be achieved. So after appropriate management, 17.3, 38.6 and 42.6 percent area computed under potentiality suitability class of S1, S2 and S3 respectively. This result of physical land suitability is combined for the socioeconomic land suitability evaluation. Environmental condition, social parameters and economic indicators were main criteria of study which were fragmented further into 15 sub criteria for evaluation within 85 LMU of study area. Pair-wise comparison using AHP process was carried out for importance judgment of the sub-criteria. The total out put is portrayed in the thematic maps. Final result of the multi-criteria land suitability evaluation show that more than 90 percent land area in Kathmandu can hold good vegetable cultivation. Together they can meet little above 70 percent demand of the Kathmandu valley. So, the result of this study hast to communicate to farmers to make full use of land potential also to land planners for better land use planning.

Os objetivos do trabalho foram determinar a produtividade e seus componentes e caracterizar física, qualitativa e sensorialmente os frutos de tomate de cultivares híbridos e de polinização aberta, dentro dos grupos Santa Cruz e Italiano, visando o consumo in natura. Utilizaram-se 14 cultivares de tomate de mesa, sendo seis experimentais e oito comerciais. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com seis repetições e cinco plantas úteis por parcela. Avaliaram-se a produtividade total (PT), produtividade comercial (PC), produtividade não-comercializável (NC), número de frutos comerciais por planta (FC), massa média do fruto (MM), número de lóculos por fruto (LC), comprimento do fruto (CM), diâmetro do fruto (DM), relação entre comprimento e diâmetro do fruto (CM/DM), diâmetro da cicatriz peduncular (CP) e espessura da parede do fruto (EP), em colheitas entre julho e setembro de 2010. A produtividade total média das cultivares foi de 51 t ha-1 e a comercial média foi de 41 t ha-1. As cultivares HTV 0601, Netuno, Bari e Granadero apresentaram os maiores valores para a produtividade total, a produtividade comercial e o número de frutos comerciais por planta. Dessas, as três primeiras também obtiveram as melhores notas em todos os atributos sensoriais avaliados. As cultivares HTV 0601, Granadero, Netuno, Bari e IAC 4 obtiveram as maiores produções comerciais, com 59,3, 50,2, 49,3, 48,8 e 45,8 t ha-1, respectivamente. As cultivares HTV 0601, Granadero, Bari e Netuno apresentaram os maiores valores tanto de PT, quanto de PC e FC. Dessas, as três primeiras também apresentaram relação CM/DM constantes durante as colheitas, indicando frutos de formato uniforme durante todo o ciclo, característica desejável para a comercialização. Para as análises físicoquímicas, as amostras dos frutos maduros foram retiradas aleatoriamente de cinco plantas de cada parcela, etiquetadas e mantidas sob refrigeração a 5 ºC até o momento das análises. Em seguida, os frutos de cada cultivar foram misturados, triturados e divididos em triplicatas para as análises físico-químicas. Nas análises físico-químicas verificou-se que o valor da relação sólidos solúveis (SS)/acidez titulável (AT) foi maior nas cultivares IAC 3 e IAC 6. Com relação ao teor de SS, os maiores valores foram obtidos pelas cultivares IAC 1 e IAC 6. Para constatar a aceitação pública das cultivares, foi realizada uma análise sensorial dos frutos com 75 provadores, utilizando-se uma escala hedônica de sete pontos. As cultivares do grupo Italiano: IAC 4, IAC 6, Netuno e Bari; bem como as cultivares do grupo Santa Cruz: IAC 1, IAC 5, HTV 0601 e Débora Victory obtiveram as melhores notas em todos os atributos sensoriais avaliados. Todas as cultivares apresentaram frutos de qualidade, com valores da relação SS/AT maiores que 10 e teor de SS maior que 3%, sendo adequadas ao consumo in natura. / The objectives of this work were to determine the yields\" components and to realize the physical, chemical and sensorial characterization, for hybrid and open pollinated tomato, within the Santa Cruz and Italian groups, aiming fresh consumption. A total of 14 fresh market tomato cultivars were used, six of them being experimental varieties and eight commercial were ones. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with six replicates and five plants per plot. Evaluations consisted of total production (TP), commercial production (CP), non commercial production (NCP), number of commercial fruits per plant (NCFP), fresh average fruit mass (FAFM), number of fruit locules (FL), fruit length (FL), fruit diameter (FD), length over diameter ratio of the fruits (FL/FD), diameter of the penducule scar (DPS) and thickness of the fruits\" peel (TP), in a total of 11 harvests between July and September 2010. The average total production of all cultivars was 51 t ha-1 and the average commercial production was 41 t ha-1. Cultivars HTV 0601, Netuno, Bari and Granadero produced the highest total yield, commercial yield and of commercial fruits per plant. Cultivars HTV 0601, Netuno and Bari also had the best scores in all the sensorial traits evaluated. Cultivars HTV 0601, Granadero, Netuno, Bari and IAC 4 produced the highest commercial yelds with 59,3, 50,2, 49,3, 48,8 e 45,8 t ha-1, respectively. Cultivars HTV 0601, Granadero, Bari and Netuno produced the highiest values for TP, as well as for CP and NCFP. Among these, the first three varieties also presented a constant length over diameter ratio FL/FD along the harvests, indicating uniform size of the fruits along all production cycle, which is a desired trait for commercialization. For the chemicophysical analysis, samples of ripen fruits were randomly extracted from five plants in each plot, labeled and maintained under refrigeration at 5 ºC until the moment of analysis. Afterwards, fruits of all cultivars were mixed, grinded and devided in triplicates to be submitted to the physicochemical analysis. From the physicochemical analysis it was observed that the value of the ratio between soluble solids (SS)/titrableacidity (TA) was higher in the cultivars IAC 3 and IAC 6. In relation to the SS content, the highiest values were obtained by cultivars IAC 1 and IAC 6. In order to evaluate the commercial value of the cultivars, a sensorial analysis was carried out with fruits tried by 75 individuals, using a hedonic scale of seven points. The cultivars of the Italian group: IAC 4, IAC 6, Netuno and Bari; as well as the cultivars of the Santa Cruz group: IAC 1, IAC 5, HTV 0601 and Débora Victory reached the best scores in all the sensorial traits evaluated. All the cultivars presents reasonable quality of the fruits, with SS/TA ratio values higher than 10 and SS values higher than 3%, being characterized as adequate for in natura consumption.

Os objetivos do trabalho foram determinar a produtividade e seus componentes e caracterizar física, qualitativa e sensorialmente os frutos de tomate de cultivares híbridos e de polinização aberta, dentro dos grupos Santa Cruz e Italiano, visando o consumo in natura. Utilizaram-se 14 cultivares de tomate de mesa, sendo seis experimentais e oito comerciais. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com seis repetições e cinco plantas úteis por parcela. Avaliaram-se a produtividade total (PT), produtividade comercial (PC), produtividade não-comercializável (NC), número de frutos comerciais por planta (FC), massa média do fruto (MM), número de lóculos por fruto (LC), comprimento do fruto (CM), diâmetro do fruto (DM), relação entre comprimento e diâmetro do fruto (CM/DM), diâmetro da cicatriz peduncular (CP) e espessura da parede do fruto (EP), em colheitas entre julho e setembro de 2010. A produtividade total média das cultivares foi de 51 t ha-1 e a comercial média foi de 41 t ha-1. As cultivares HTV 0601, Netuno, Bari e Granadero apresentaram os maiores valores para a produtividade total, a produtividade comercial e o número de frutos comerciais por planta. Dessas, as três primeiras também obtiveram as melhores notas em todos os atributos sensoriais avaliados. As cultivares HTV 0601, Granadero, Netuno, Bari e IAC 4 obtiveram as maiores produções comerciais, com 59,3, 50,2, 49,3, 48,8 e 45,8 t ha-1, respectivamente. As cultivares HTV 0601, Granadero, Bari e Netuno apresentaram os maiores valores tanto de PT, quanto de PC e FC. Dessas, as três primeiras também apresentaram relação CM/DM constantes durante as colheitas, indicando frutos de formato uniforme durante todo o ciclo, característica desejável para a comercialização. Para as análises físicoquímicas, as amostras dos frutos maduros foram retiradas aleatoriamente de cinco plantas de cada parcela, etiquetadas e mantidas sob refrigeração a 5 ºC até o momento das análises. Em seguida, os frutos de cada cultivar foram misturados, triturados e divididos em triplicatas para as análises físico-químicas. Nas análises físico-químicas verificou-se que o valor da relação sólidos solúveis (SS)/acidez titulável (AT) foi maior nas cultivares IAC 3 e IAC 6. Com relação ao teor de SS, os maiores valores foram obtidos pelas cultivares IAC 1 e IAC 6. Para constatar a aceitação pública das cultivares, foi realizada uma análise sensorial dos frutos com 75 provadores, utilizando-se uma escala hedônica de sete pontos. As cultivares do grupo Italiano: IAC 4, IAC 6, Netuno e Bari; bem como as cultivares do grupo Santa Cruz: IAC 1, IAC 5, HTV 0601 e Débora Victory obtiveram as melhores notas em todos os atributos sensoriais avaliados. Todas as cultivares apresentaram frutos de qualidade, com valores da relação SS/AT maiores que 10 e teor de SS maior que 3%, sendo adequadas ao consumo in natura. / The objectives of this work were to determine the yields\" components and to realize the physical, chemical and sensorial characterization, for hybrid and open pollinated tomato, within the Santa Cruz and Italian groups, aiming fresh consumption. A total of 14 fresh market tomato cultivars were used, six of them being experimental varieties and eight commercial were ones. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with six replicates and five plants per plot. Evaluations consisted of total production (TP), commercial production (CP), non commercial production (NCP), number of commercial fruits per plant (NCFP), fresh average fruit mass (FAFM), number of fruit locules (FL), fruit length (FL), fruit diameter (FD), length over diameter ratio of the fruits (FL/FD), diameter of the penducule scar (DPS) and thickness of the fruits\" peel (TP), in a total of 11 harvests between July and September 2010. The average total production of all cultivars was 51 t ha-1 and the average commercial production was 41 t ha-1. Cultivars HTV 0601, Netuno, Bari and Granadero produced the highest total yield, commercial yield and of commercial fruits per plant. Cultivars HTV 0601, Netuno and Bari also had the best scores in all the sensorial traits evaluated. Cultivars HTV 0601, Granadero, Netuno, Bari and IAC 4 produced the highest commercial yelds with 59,3, 50,2, 49,3, 48,8 e 45,8 t ha-1, respectively. Cultivars HTV 0601, Granadero, Bari and Netuno produced the highiest values for TP, as well as for CP and NCFP. Among these, the first three varieties also presented a constant length over diameter ratio FL/FD along the harvests, indicating uniform size of the fruits along all production cycle, which is a desired trait for commercialization. For the chemicophysical analysis, samples of ripen fruits were randomly extracted from five plants in each plot, labeled and maintained under refrigeration at 5 ºC until the moment of analysis. Afterwards, fruits of all cultivars were mixed, grinded and devided in triplicates to be submitted to the physicochemical analysis. From the physicochemical analysis it was observed that the value of the ratio between soluble solids (SS)/titrableacidity (TA) was higher in the cultivars IAC 3 and IAC 6. In relation to the SS content, the highiest values were obtained by cultivars IAC 1 and IAC 6. In order to evaluate the commercial value of the cultivars, a sensorial analysis was carried out with fruits tried by 75 individuals, using a hedonic scale of seven points. The cultivars of the Italian group: IAC 4, IAC 6, Netuno and Bari; as well as the cultivars of the Santa Cruz group: IAC 1, IAC 5, HTV 0601 and Débora Victory reached the best scores in all the sensorial traits evaluated. All the cultivars presents reasonable quality of the fruits, with SS/TA ratio values higher than 10 and SS values higher than 3%, being characterized as adequate for in natura consumption.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

No description available.

From the Proceedings of the 1971 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 22-23, 1971, Tempe, Arizona / Mulches have been used for evaporation suppression in facilitating vegetable production under arid lands conditions. A study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effectiveness of plastic aprons, supplied by the FAO, as compared to gravel mulches. The vinyl aprons were 6 mils thick and about 1 meter square. Squash plants (Cucurbita pepo) were planted with gravel or plastic aprons or in bare areas and under different watering schedules. The yields under plastic aprons were considerably greater than under gravel and required slightly less water. Bare soil yields lagged far behind. Soil temperatures under the plastic aprons were consistently higher over 24 hours than bare soil, which within limits, would facilitate faster crop growth. Additionally, the apron collects and diverts rainfall to the plant. The vinyl used lasts only 2 seasons, and gravel would probably be a more suitable mulch for developing countries where capital is scarce.

Diss. Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.