The topic of this thesis is dissection of vertebrate skeletons while using available and appropriate methods. The theoretical part is prepared based on Czech and foreign sources. For this part, there were used print publications, articles from journals and some Internet sources. It summarizes theoretical knowledge of the occurrence and anatomical structure of vertebrates. The practical part includes methodology involving collection, preservation and actual processing of animals. In detail, there are described possible methods of work that are evaluated and compared in the closing part. These proposed procedures are used for the selected representatives of vertebrates, in the individual chapter called - Results. The outcome of this thesis is a detailed guide with the procedures of chosen methods and preserved skeletons with a description of their characteristics. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

In my thesis I focused on the comparison of teeth in mammals and man. I compared from the viewpoint of the composition of the glass and then also from the various types of teeth transformations within demands for food and, from the viewpoint of appearance of the individual teeth, and from the perspective transformations of individual teeth. There is also focus on access issues in a single series of textbooks of natural history and biology. Where we created a simple analysis contained in the table. Next, I created a proposal of project teaching on the subject of comparison teeth of mammals and man, that serves as a guide for other teachers.

by Wu Kwok Hang. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1988. / Bibliography: leaves 213-229.

The most prominent cause of habitat fragmentation is intensification of human land use. Negative effects of large-scale forest fragmentation have been documented in most vertebrate classes. The inherent problem in directly documenting effects lies in our ignorance of historical community structure. Information from this study provides baseline data on vertebrates within threatened habitat. This privately-owned block of uninterrupted forest has never been systematically surveyed by biologists. Changes in ownership have placed the integrity of this interior forest habitat in doubt. This research may provide the foundation for long-term studies of the effects of fragmentation within forests of the Southern Appalachians. A total of 50 visits were made between April 1998 and July 2000. Documentation of 109 species of vertebrates was established, representing 4 reptile species, 19 amphibian species, 72 bird species, and 12 mammal species. Although no procedure for documenting fishes was implemented, 2 species from this class were identified.

Thesis (M.S.) in Wildlife Ecology--University of Maine, 2002. / Includes vita. Bibliography: leaves 75-79.

published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

The biochemical genetics of two natural populations of house sparrows, Passer domesticus, at sites 20km apart in Nottinghamshire, England, were investigated. Seven polymorphic protein loci were sampled non-destructively by taking blood samples from over 1500 individually marked birds. A detailed investigation of the genetics of these loci was conducted for 124 clutches containing 357 nestlings where the parents were also sampled. Segregations at four loci (6PGD, PEPD2, PEPD3 and lDHC) agreed with a simple Mendelian model of codominant inheritance. One locus (EST2) contained null alleles. Two loci (PEPD3 and GP1) showed segregation distortion in all sex, site and year classes. This distortion was not attributable to the misinterpretation of gel patterns; possible causes involving the operation of natural selection were discussed. Linkage analyses were conducted, and no significant evidence was obtained for linkage between any combination of loci. Of the nestling genotypes, 12.9% were interpreted as being genetically incompatible with those of their parents. Exclusion probabilities were calculated as 43-51% for nonpaternity and 59-67% for nonparentage. The applicability of these estimated probabilities was tested by the random reassortment and comparison of observed parental genotypes among observed sibship genotypes. Significantly fewer nestlings were excluded in these simulations than expected from calculated exclusion probabilities, though the distribution of multiple mismatches did not differ from expectation. A deficiency of multiple mismatches was found in the field data, implying the occurrence of errors; the possible sources of error were considered. The most parsimonious interpretation of those mismatches that did not appear to be due to errors was that they resulted from a rate of nonpaternity of about 6%. No heterogeneity in the rate of mismatches was observed within or among breeding seasons or sites. Genotype and allele frequencies were presented for each locus in each age, sex and sampling year class at each study site. The samples were not found to depart from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, and there was no evidence for significant inbreeding within sites. There were no differences in allelic distributions between the sexes or among years for adults within the populations. No differences were found among age groups or nestling year classes when allowance was made for sib correlations. Heterozygosities were higher at Brackenhurst than at Sutton Bonington for most loci, and the overall difference was significant. There was a particularly large difference in allele frequencies between nestlings in each population for GP1. Digenic gametic disequilibria were investigated. A detailed analysis of the mating types was made. No evidence was obtained for any departure from random mating at the protein loci. There was a significant tendency amongst the loci and samples for the inbreeding coefficients of the successful breeders to be negative. Significant assortative mating was found with respect to weight and tail-length in one population.

This study concerns a population of the Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) living in nestboxes in an area of woodland in Mid-Wales. The occupants of 180 nestboxes were monitored during 1988 and 1989. In addition to behavioural observations and records of breeding performance, individual adults and pulli were caught and measured, and a blood sample taken. In the Pied Flycatcher, polygyny is a common mating strategy in which the two or more females mated to a single male nest in discrete territories up to 500m apart This behaviour has been interpreted in two ways, firstly as the result of female choice for the quality of the male or his territory, and secondly, as a consequence of male deception, by which already-mated males attract secondary females who suffer reduced breeding success as a result. In this population polygyny was a rare occurrence; only 3 of 240 breeding males were recognised to be polygynous. These males defended two adjacent nestboxes. The breeding success of the three secondary females was not unusually low. These results suggest that a model of male- or territory quality might better explain the situation in this population. The occurrence of extra-pair mating has being noted in a number of species, including the Pied Flycatcher. In this study it was found to account for 2.7% of the offspring screened by genetic fingerprinting. Another common method for detecting extra-pair paternity uses the heritability of a skeletal measurement.The results from the two methods are shown to be incompatible. A number of weaknesses with the heritability method are described and discussed. The increasing number of studies on the Pied Flycatcher throughout Europe reveal that the frequency of mating strategies such as polygyny and extra-pair mating differ from area to area This suggests that environmental factors may play a major part in determining the costs and benefits of such strategies.

Thesis (M.Sc)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology, 1983. / Typescript (photocopy). 12 fold. plans in end pocket. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Zoology-Environmental Toxicology, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Mar. 30, 2009) Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.