<p>The aim of this essay is to examine if the attitudes and the experiences of Ability Grouping are the same on different levels of the school organisation.</p><p>I have chosen to answer the following two questions:</p><p>· Have the teachers, the students and the headmaster the same idea concerning the educational model at the school, that is, the pros and cons of Ability Grouping?</p><p>· Does the intentions of the curriculum agree with this educational model?</p><p>I knew what I thought about the educational model at the school that is the object of this essay, after spending ten weeks at it as a trainee, but I felt that I would be interesting to know what the people who are part of that system everyday think about it.</p><p>In order to be able to answer my questions, I used both the qualitative and the quantitative method. I interviewed the headmaster and five teachers to find out what they thought about Ability Grouping. I also distributed inquiries to 70 students from 6th to 9th grade to get their point of view. In the theoretical discussion I explain the meaning of different conceptions that I use throughout this essay. I also discuss different theories to give examples of pros and cons of Ability Grouping.</p><p>My conclusion is that the majority of the students think that Ability Grouping is either a good or a very good way of organizing the students in school. All the teachers except one prefer Ability Grouping to the traditional way of grouping the students, that is, in classes that are mixed concerning the level of knowledge but where everybody is at the same age. The main concern though, both among the students, the teachers and the headmaster, is that the students get more shy when they work in groups that are mixed, and that the students who are not that good in school loose someone to look up to. The Ability Grouping model that this school uses, which is more flexible than the traditional one, agree with the intentions of the curriculum in many ways. To agree with it to the full extend though, you need to add the traditional classes as well, which also is the mix that the school has chosen.</p>

The aim of this essay is to examine if the attitudes and the experiences of Ability Grouping are the same on different levels of the school organisation. I have chosen to answer the following two questions: · Have the teachers, the students and the headmaster the same idea concerning the educational model at the school, that is, the pros and cons of Ability Grouping? · Does the intentions of the curriculum agree with this educational model? I knew what I thought about the educational model at the school that is the object of this essay, after spending ten weeks at it as a trainee, but I felt that I would be interesting to know what the people who are part of that system everyday think about it. In order to be able to answer my questions, I used both the qualitative and the quantitative method. I interviewed the headmaster and five teachers to find out what they thought about Ability Grouping. I also distributed inquiries to 70 students from 6th to 9th grade to get their point of view. In the theoretical discussion I explain the meaning of different conceptions that I use throughout this essay. I also discuss different theories to give examples of pros and cons of Ability Grouping. My conclusion is that the majority of the students think that Ability Grouping is either a good or a very good way of organizing the students in school. All the teachers except one prefer Ability Grouping to the traditional way of grouping the students, that is, in classes that are mixed concerning the level of knowledge but where everybody is at the same age. The main concern though, both among the students, the teachers and the headmaster, is that the students get more shy when they work in groups that are mixed, and that the students who are not that good in school loose someone to look up to. The Ability Grouping model that this school uses, which is more flexible than the traditional one, agree with the intentions of the curriculum in many ways. To agree with it to the full extend though, you need to add the traditional classes as well, which also is the mix that the school has chosen.

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Pages viii, xii, xiv, 32, 110, 182, 188, 194 were blank and therefore omitted. / <p> The functional density of photonic integrated circuits can be significantly increased by stacking multiple waveguide layers. These vertically-integrated devices require optical couplers to switch light signals between their layers. In this thesis, optical coupling between two stacked silicon-on-insulator slab waveguides has been demonstrated with a coupling efficiency of 68±4%, obtained with a coupler length of 3535 μm. The main advantage of using a silicon-based material system for photonic integrated circuits is its compatability with existing electronics manufacturing processes, facilitating cost-effective fabrication and the monolithic integration of both photonics and electronics on a single device. </p> <p> Coupling between more complex silicon-on-insulator waveguide structures with lateral confinement was then demonstrated. The coupling ratio between stacked silicon rib wavelengths was measured to be 54±4%, while ratios of 71±4% and 93±4% were obtained for stacked channel waveguide and multimode interferometer-based couplers respectively. The corresponding coupler lengths for these three designs were 572 μm, 690 μm and 241 μm respectively. The sensitivity of these couplers to the input wavelength and polarization state has also been evaluated. These vertical-integrated couplers, along with other structures, have been thoroughly simulated, including their tolerance to fabrication errors. Novel fabrication processes used to demonstrate coupling in proof-of-concept devices have been developed, including an in-house wafer bonding procedure. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Residents of rural communities have poorer health status than people living in more populated areas. For example, The Urban and Rural Health Chartbook notes that the age-adjusted death rate among younger (1-24 years of age) persons who live in the most rural counties is 31 percent higher than those who live in the most urban counties and 65 percent higher for those who live in suburban counties (Eberhardt, Ingram, Makuc et al., 2001). Explanation for the health disparity experienced by rural residents is complex due to the influence of both community factors and the socioeconomic and behavior patterns of individuals. Access to health care, including preventive care, as well as substantial challenges with health literacy, higher instances of smoking, and lack of health insurance among rural residents, are some of the main causes of this disparity. Rural health networks have been touted by many involved with rural health issues as an effective way to address the health disparity experienced by rural areas. The last fifteen years have seen a growth in the development of rural health networks, with a growing number of grantors, e.g. the Health Resources and Services Administration, The Robert Woods Johnson Foundation and states such as New York, Florida, and West Virginia, funding their development. However, little research has been done on the effectiveness of rural health care networks. While some have evaluated rural health networks, Wellever explains that many questions are left unanswered with "the most fundamental question — whether rural health networks benefit either their members or the rural residents they serve" (1999, p. 133). Thus, it needs to be determined if health networks are in fact a viable means for improving the disparity in rural health and, more importantly, what can be done to make them more effective. This research provides insight into the correlates of effectiveness for a type of health network, vertically integrated rural health networks. Provan and Milward's (2001) framework for evaluating the effectiveness of public-sector organizational networks, which proposes three levels of analysis, i.e., the community, network, and organization/participant, was adapted to analyze the effectiveness of vertically integrated rural health networks. One-on-one interviews, questionnaires, and archival data were used to collect data on the networks sampled. Primarily, data was collected from four networks that were chosen from a larger sample of twenty-one networks to serve as best practices. Analysis of the data collected revealed a few significant predictors for the effectiveness of vertically integrated rural health networks. Financing was found to be the most important predictor, as it was significant at both the community and network levels. Both cohesiveness and the number of problems in the rural environment were also found to be significant predictors but only at the network level. No significant predictors were found at the organizational level; however, organizational and network-level effectiveness were found to be strongly correlated with each other. Overall, networks were found to be more favorable about their effectiveness at the network and organizational levels. / Ph. D.

This diploma thesis analyses electro energy market organisation in the European Union and the United States of America. Liberalisation tendencies occurred in both areas during the 90's. The liberalisation is supposed to increase quality and reliability of electricity supplies as well as decrease electricity price. Electro energy industry belongs to the so called network industries, whose specifics prevent smooth liberalisation process. The vertically integrated companies or utilities in the US behave monopolistically on the market making the industry work inefficiently. Consequently, prices paid by customers are too high. The liberalisation should enable new participants to enter the market more easily as result of competition introduction and thereby also lead to pricing based on supply and demand interaction. The thesis also deals with price development in European and American areas liberalised to different extent. You can see number of similar tendencies and problems despite different way of electro energy market organisation in the EU and the US.

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Electricity power is an irreplaceable resource in industry for a country. Enough and steady-offered electricity is also the support to develop not only traditional industry but high technology industry. Taiwan is a place, where is lacking of natural resources. There is only 3 % of which can be self ¡Vcontained. In fact, electricity power plays one of important roles in achieving ¡§Economic Miracle of Taiwan.¡¨ Basically, electricity power embraces three parts of power generation, power transmission, and distribution. And it is managed by the way of vertically integration. Traditionally, electricity power is assorted into public utility because of its huge principal and social resources, even concerning with the economy and society of the country and is governed and controlled by the government. Whatever country promotes electricity liberalization, the government and the academic put their eye on foster the total efficiency of management through market mechanisms. Electricity liberalization has been working for more than twenty years. Of course, there are some successful cases, for example, like England, Australia, and etc. They do benefit from increasing the occurrence, the efficiency, and decrease the price after operating electricity liberalization. As to Taiwan, the government has the same policy on it, too. The amendments are under discussion in The Legislative Yuan. By referencing to electricity liberalization of other countries and comparing their experiences with Taiwan, the questions below are searched in this thesis. First, does the policy in Taiwan really satisfy the essence of electricity liberalization? Second, could power generation, power transmission, and distribution of the electricity industry be operated by vertically integrated way? After electricity liberalization, it is important that how to do could get good combined with competition of the market, the offer of steady electricity and the society justice. If not, how to modify the rules would satisfy the needs of country development and expectations of the society.

Актуальность темы заключается в том, что нефтяная промышленность является одной из самых важных отраслей экономики Российской Федерации. Добыча нефти является одним из самых прибыльных бизнесов, такая зависимость несет за собой определенные риски. Цифровизация рабочих процессов влияет не только на повышение эффективности, но и на обеспечение высокого уровня безопасности. Качественная же система цифровизации процессов позволяет эффективно минимизировать риски, связанные с реализацией проектов, а также выстроить систему предупреждения инцидентов, охватывающую все стадии производственного процесса, что положительно влияет на эффективность процессов и, как следствие, обеспечивает рост экономических показателей. Целью работы является разработка системы цифровизации производственных процессов нефтегазовой отрасли для предотвращения аварий и оптимизации основных видов работ в нефтегазовой сфере. Объектом исследования являются производственные процессы нефтегазовых компаний. Предметом исследования является использование IT технологий для оптимизации производственных процессов и предотвращения аварий. Новизна данной работы заключается в нахождении математического, алгоритмического и программного решения задачи оптимизации производственных процессов ВИНК и предотвращения аварий, позволяющего сократить время на процесс строительства нефтяных скважин и снизить вероятность нарушения непрерывности работ. Практическая значимость работы заключается в разработке информационной системы, которая может быть использована нефтедобывающими компаниями, что может помочь другим компаниям улучшить свои производственные процессы и повысить эффективность своего бизнеса. / The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that the oil industry is one of the most important sectors of the economy of the Russian Federation. Oil production is one of the most profitable businesses; such dependence carries with it certain risks. Digitalization of work processes not only improves efficiency, but also ensures a high level of safety. A high-quality process digitalization system allows you to effectively minimize the risks associated with project implementation, as well as build an incident prevention system that covers all stages of the production process, which has a positive effect on the efficiency of processes and, as a result, ensures an increase in economic indicators. The goal of the work is to develop a system for digitalization of production processes in the oil and gas industry to prevent accidents and optimize the main types of work in the oil and gas sector. The object of the study is the production processes of oil and gas companies. The subject of the study is the use of IT technologies to optimize production processes and prevent accidents. The novelty of this work lies in finding a mathematical, algorithmic and software solution to the problem of optimizing the production processes of vertically integrated oil companies and preventing accidents, which allows reducing the time for the construction of oil wells and reducing the likelihood of disruption to the continuity of work. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of an information system that can be used by oil producing companies, which can help other companies improve their production processes and increase the efficiency of their business.