Aim: Despite the lack of evidence, current resuscitation guidelines recommend tactile stimulation in apneic infants within the first minutes of life. The aim was to investigate whether timing, duration or intensity of tactile stimulation influences the extent of non-invasive respiratory support in extremely preterm infants during neonatal resuscitation. Methods: In an observational study, we analyzed 47 video recordings and physiological parameters during postnatal transition in preterm infants below 320/7 weeks of gestational age. Infants were divided into three groups according to the intensity of respiratory support. Results: All infants were stimulated at least once during neonatal resuscitation regardless of their respiratory support. Only 51% got stimulated within the first minute. Rubbing the feet was the preferred stimulation method and was followed by rubbing or touching the chest. Almost all very preterm infants were exposed to stimulation and manipulation most of the time within their first 15 min of life. Tactile stimulation lasted significantly longer but stimulation at multiple body areas started later in infants receiving prolonged non-invasive respiratory support. Conclusion: This observational study demonstrated that stimulation of very preterm infants is a commonly used and easy applicable method to stimulate spontaneous breathing during neonatal resuscitation. The concomitant physical stimulation of different body parts and therefore larger surface areas might be beneficial.

Objectif : Le suivi néonatal introduit une classification des enfants selon leur niveau de handicap : aucun, léger-modéré ou sévère. Les critères de classification, déterminés par des médecins et chercheurs, ne tiennent pas compte des opinions parentales. Lors de ce projet de maîtrise, les perspectives parentales concernant leur enfant prématuré à 18 mois d’âge corrigé ont été explorées. Hypothèse : L’hypothèse formulée était que les perspectives parentales différeraient des normes établies par les professionnels de la santé. Méthode : 190 enfants prématurés <29 semaines ont eu une évaluation standardisée, permettant la classification selon leur niveau de handicap. Les parents ont répondu aux questions : « Quelles sont vos inquiétudes concernant votre enfant? » et « Nommez les meilleures choses à propos de votre enfant. » Leurs réponses ont été analysées en ayant recours à une méthodologie qualitative et corrélées au niveau de handicap présenté par leur enfant. Résultats : Dans cette cohorte, 49% des enfants n’avaient aucun problème de développement, 43% avaient une atteinte légère à modérée et 8% une atteinte sévère. Les principaux thèmes positifs invoqués par les parents incluaient la personnalité (61%), le bonheur (40%), le développement et les progrès (40%), ainsi que la santé physique (11%). Les inquiétudes parentales principales comprenaient le développement (56%) et la santé physique (24%). Il n’y avait pas d’association entre les thèmes positifs et le niveau de handicap. Les parents d’enfants ayant une atteinte légère-modérée étaient davantage inquiets du développement de leur enfant. Conclusion : Les perspectives parentales concernant leurs enfants prématurés sont balancées, et en majorité positives. L’inclusion des perspectives parentales dans la recherche concernant le devenir des enfants prématurés est importante. Ce projet a permis la création d’un questionnaire quantitatif présenté à un plus grand groupe de parents, subventionné par les IRSC. / Objective: Measuring outcomes of premature birth is essential for quality control, research, patient care and information. At 18 months corrected age, children are classified into categories of severe, mild-moderate or no neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). Outcomes of interest have been chosen by physicians and researchers, never including parental perspectives. The aim of this thesis was to explore parental perspectives regarding their preterm child. Hypothesis: The hypothesis was that parents’ perspectives and concerns would differ from those assessed by professionals. Method: This survey included 190 infants born <29 weeks of gestational age in one tertiary university health center. Infants underwent detailed developmental assessment and were classified according to NDI. Parents were asked two open-ended questions: “What concerns you most about your child?” and “Please describe the best things about your child”. Open-ended questions were analyzed using qualitative methodology, then correlated with level of NDI. Results: In this cohort, 49%, 43% and 8% had no, mild to moderate, and severe NDI. The main positive themes invoked by parents included their child’s personality (61%), happiness (40%), developmental outcome/progress (40%) and physical health (11%). Main themes regarding parental concerns included: neurodevelopment (56%) and physical health (24%). There was no association between positive themes and categories of NDI, but parents of children with mild-moderate NDI reported more concerns about development. Conclusions: Parents of preterm infants have a balanced perspective of their children, mostly positive. Neonatal outcome research would benefit from incorporating parental perspectives regarding their child, balancing prognostic information about preterm birth. This thesis project has led to the creation of a qualitative questionnaire which is now deployed through a CIHR Child-Bright initiative considering parent-important outcomes.