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Instituições, governança e Crescimento Econômico: Teoria e Experiência Brasileira À Luz das Evidências Empíricas dos Países do Mercosul e Leste AsiáticoFERREIRA FILHO, José Alexandre January 2006 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2006 / Analisar as influências das variáveis institucionais para o crescimento econômico dos
países em desenvolvimento em geral, e especificamente para o caso brasileiro, é o objetivo
desta tese. Considerando as inúmeras possibilidades de escolha, existentes para se abordar a
questão do crescimento econômico, optou-se, a exemplo de grande parte da literatura, por
considerar que os fatores institucionais têm papel fundamental para explicar as diferenças
entre as taxas de crescimento dos países, assim como das diferenças de comportamento
dessas taxas ao longo do tempo. O funcionamento das instituições políticas e econômicas
de um país tem condições de influenciar de forma positiva o surgimento de avanços
tecnológicos e as políticas públicas em geral capazes de promover o crescimento.
Determinar os aspectos institucionais de maior relevância é o ponto central da análise. A
maior parte da literatura considera que o estabelecimento de instituições estáveis, que
forneçam maiores níveis de segurança aos direitos de propriedade é o fator-chave para o
crescimento, na medida em que cria condições favoráveis para novos investimentos e
desenvolvimentos tecnológicos. Nesse sentido, essas boas instituições, ou a chamada boa
governança, estariam associadas à manutenção da estabilidade política e econômica. Por
outro lado, o crescimento econômico requer, em grande medida, que mudanças políticas e
econômicas ocorram, para que sejam implementadas as reformas que o viabilizem. Neste
ponto estabelece-se um impasse. Para tentar solucioná-lo, a ajuda empírica é muito
importante. Foi o que fizemos nesta tese. Verificamos, que, a despeito da relevância das
variáveis associadas com a boa governança, o crescimento econômico brasileiro, assim
como de alguns países da América do Sul e do Leste Asiático, foi associado negativamente
com o maior número de veto players ( agentes com poder de veto ). Desta forma, a menor
capacidade de vetar mudanças políticas e econômicas estava associada com melhores taxas
de crescimento, o que não significa que não deva haver estabilidade institucional, mas
aponta que a capacidade de mudar o status quo é fundamental para criar condições de
crescimento para os países em desenvolvimento
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Privacy, Surveillance And The State: A Comparison Of U.S. And British Privacy RightsLander, Angelina 01 January 2009 (has links)
This study investigates the effects of institutional structure on the privacy rights regimes in the United States and the United Kingdom, from 2000-2006. The goal of this research is to analyze how variation in the institutional arrangements across these two countries allowed for more or less protection of privacy rights for citizens. Domestic terrorist attacks during the time period represent a catalyst for changes in police and government surveillance activities. Veto points literature provides the framework for institutional comparison. The first part of the research provides a discussion of the historical evolution of privacy rights in both states, focusing on government and police surveillance and investigations. The second part of the research, based on veto points theory, compares the institutional arrangements of the United States and the United Kingdom, and suggests that the number of veto points and the ideological proximity of veto players have had an effect on the formulation of policy. Laws governing surveillance, investigations and privacy in the year 2000 provide a benchmark for analyzing how policies change over time.
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Compliance with EU Law: Why Do Some Member States Infringe EU Law More Than Others?Brazzini, Giovanna 20 May 2005 (has links)
Why do some member states infringe EU law more than others? Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis reported here, is not because of administrative capacity limitations, but because of political context, policy changes and deliberate opposition by member governments in order to maintain their independence. States in turn, are motivated by domestic politics to seek to avoid implementing EU law. Additionally, I find that richer countries violate the law more often than poorer countries. Further, member states infringe more than others because of a high number of institutional and coalitional veto players. These results suggest that member states are in the EU because the EU serves their national interest over collective ones. Finally, these results suggest new hypothesis. Member states that have a high level of public discontent with the EU are unlikely to tolerate the political costs of implementing EU legislation.
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Veto players e a produção de políticas em jogos de dois níveis : o caso do fast trackDuarte Guedes de Andrade, Daniel January 2007 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2007 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O objetivo do presente estudo é mostrar como através do mecanismo do fast track é possível uma maior cooperação entre os veto players institucionais norte-americanos na produção da política comercial do país, de forma que se fortaleça o Executivo norte-americano nas negociações comerciais internacionais. A política comercial é um jogo de dois níveis, em que o Executivo se vê jogando no plano internacional quando negocia acordos comerciais e no plano doméstico para conseguir que esses acordos sejam ratificados pelo Congresso. O Executivo, agente que conduz a política comercial por delegação do Congresso, precisa de uma maior delegação para que possa ter um maior poder de barganha nas negociações comerciais internacionais. O Congresso, por sua vez, é o veto player doméstico que tem o poder de decidir pela permanência do status quo na política comercial, ao vetar o acordo comercial, ou de anuir com a mudança, através da aprovação do acordo para a ratificação e da sua incorporação ao ordenamento jurídico interno. É a partir das relações entre o Legislativo e o Executivo, a qual tem as características de uma relação agente principal, que a política comercial é produzida. A literatura tem se focado em como a quantidade de veto players afeta a política comercial. Neste estudo, a intenção é mostrar que esses veto players podem cooperar através da redução dos pontos de veto, possibilitando assim mudanças significativas na política comercial, e como essa cooperação tem o efeito de melhorar a posição dos Estados Unidos nas negociações comerciais internacionais. Para isso, usa-se o caso da cooperação através da concessão de fast track pelo Legislativo ao Executivo
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Forcing Them to Therapy:The Effect of Veto Players on Mediation IncidenceHegele, Lukas January 2017 (has links)
Do conflict parties’ characteristics influence mediation onset? Using the veto player theory, this study addresses the question why and under what circumstances mediation occurs. The predictions made by veto player theory correspond with why conflicts are, or become more intense and longer (Cunningham 2006). I argue that the number of veto players influences the cost-benefit calculations of conflict actors, as low numbers of veto players limit concession making, while high numbers of veto players exacerbate information asymmetries. Therefore, I test the hypothesis that the relationship between the number of veto players and mediation onset probability is curvilinear, with medium numbers of veto players increasing mediation incidence likelihood. Using data on mediation onsets in civil conflicts for the period 1946-2003, I find across different statistical model specifications that low and high numbers of veto players impede mediation onset. The models explain and predict mediation occurrence well, but are sensitive to model specifications, i.e. the exclusion of observations does not allow the model to reproduce the same results. The findings confirm the explanatory value of conflict costs and the benefits of a dyadic conflict analysis approach, yet suggest that more research on conflict actors’ characteristics is necessary to understand mediation.
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Advancing The Veto-Player Framework : A Study Of The Conditions Under Which Fragmentation Influences The Likelihood Of A Peace AgreementSmart, Alanna January 2021 (has links)
Recent research has recognised the complexity of fragmented conflicts; however, debate exists regarding when and how fragmentation hinders peace processes. This study addresses this lacuna, by investigating the conditions under which fragmentation affects the likelihood of a peace agreement. Advancing Cunningham’s (2011) veto-player framework with insights from political parties’ literature, creating a novel causal mechanism, I argue that two conditions affect how fragmentation influences the likelihood of a peace agreement: veto players and outbidding. As veto players can ‘veto’ a peace agreement, a reduction in their number increases the likelihood of a settlement. Where fragmentation increases veto-players, I hypothesise that whether a peace agreement is likely or not, depends on the level of preference divergence, which is dependent on their engagement in outbidding. The hypotheses are tested through a qualitative structured-focused comparison approach, examining the cases of the Philippines (1990-1996), Uganda (1986-1988), Ethiopia (1973-1983), and Afghanistan (1980-1990). Overall, this thesis finds mixed support. Limited support is found for the hypotheses, with half of the cases concurring with expectations. However, the cases also reveal significant support for the mechanisms, although with qualifications, suggesting further refinement is required.
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The politics of taxation in Argentina and Brazil in the last twenty years of the 20th centuryIrizarry Osorio, Hiram José 06 January 2005 (has links)
No description available.
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Zahraniční politika Trumpovy administrativy: Vypovězení Pařížské dohody z pohledu dvouúrovňové hry / Foreign policy of Trump's administration: Withdrawal from the Paris Accord through the lens of two-level game theoryPastorková, Sabrina January 2019 (has links)
Foreign policy of Trump's administration: Withdrawal from the Paris Accord through the lens of two-level game theory Abstract Foreign policy of President Donald Trump has been a point of enquiry of many scholars so far. In the literature, we can observe a great diversity in opinions that attempt to explain his motivations in certain specific foreign policy actions. The main focus of this diploma thesis is laid on the withdrawal from international treaties, namely the Paris Accord from 2015. In this idiographic case study, we utilize the theory of two-level games by Robert Putnam which enables us to analyze the link between the domestic level of the decision to withdraw the international treaty. By identifying veto players in the U.S. political system, more concretely in its environmental policies, we were able to uncover the underlying notions behind the decision. Veto players in our case were the Congress with Republican and Democratic party, electoral impetus covering the general public opinion and new actors entering the public debate (private companies and states). Alternatively, we described the President's and his administration distinctive motivations. The thesis provides a new insight into the politics of the decision to withdraw from the Paris Accord. As per our findings, the electoral impetus is...
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先進諸国政治の現代的変容に関する比較政治理論的研究小野, 耕二 07 1900 (has links)
科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:13620086 研究代表者:小野 耕二 研究期間:2001-2002年度
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