本文共一冊，計七萬字。內容分導論、本論與結論。 導論部分將介紹斐路生的生平與研究經歷、思想背景和研究重點及著作。本論分五章 ：第一章為心理、文化研究法與個案研究，乃對斐路生政治理論做方法論層次之分析 ，第二章為政治發展過程中的認同危機，乃以緬甸為個案進行理論層次之探計；第三 章為政治發展過程中的合法性危機，乃以中國為個案進行理論層次之探討；第四章為 過渡社會中民主政治之建立，乃分析過渡社會中的民主政治建立之可能、困難和策略 ；第五章為斐路生政治理論的評估，乃對斐路生政治理論之效用及限制加以評估。最 後為結論，乃對本文各章做扼要之總結。

本研究希望以鄂蘭的政治思想的研究途徑作為討論的對象，試圖從方法論的角度循著鄂蘭自己的反思歷程，來釐清鄂蘭對政治理論的貢獻。首先在第二章中說明她在極權主義的研究中所產生的理解問題，以及鄂蘭如何對政治哲學傳統以及現代社會的科學化努力進行強烈地批判。第三章我們將看到鄂蘭對實踐生活的重新考察，藉由重新找回政治行動的意義與重要性，鄂蘭同時也發現了行動難以消解的困境，成為了新的政治思想亟需克服的重要問題。第四章則是聚焦「說故事」（storytelling）的討論上，將討論說故事的主要功能以及以說故事為政治思想途徑的一些問題。

本研究應用社會政治理論之概念性架構，探討民國96年至98年化工業及電子業之上市公司年報中有關環境資訊揭露程度。其中自願性環境資訊揭露影響之因素有公司規模、經營績效、ISO14001認證、環境支出預算、罰款與賠償以及國際化程度。 實證結果顯示，自願性環境資訊揭露與公司規模大小、是否取得ISO14001認證、環境支出預算、罰款與賠償以及國際化程度皆存在顯著正向的關係，其中又以是否取得ISO14001認證這個因素影響程度最大。至於化工業和電子業公司自願性環境資訊揭露受到何種因素較大，實證結果顯示化工業公司規模、經營績效以及環境支出預算愈高時，其環境資訊揭露正相關程度將大於電子業；而電子業若取得ISO14001認證及罰款與賠償金額愈高時，其環境資訊揭露正相關程度將大於化工業；此外，環境資訊揭露與國際化程度亦呈正相關。 / This study applies society political theory to explain the voluntary environmental disclosure in annual reports. The sample consists of firms in chemical and electronic industries in Taiwan during 2007 and 2009. The determinants of voluntary environmental information disclosure include firm size, economic performance, ISO 14001 certification, environmental expenditure budgets, penalty, and the extent of internationalization. The empirical results indicate that the firm size, economic performance, ISO 14001 certification, environmental expenditure budgets, penalty, the extent of internationalization are significant determinants of voluntary environmental disclosure while ISO 14001 certification is the most significant determinant. Moreover, the firm size, economic performance, and environmental expenditure budgets are more influential in chemical industry than in electronic industry as determinants of voluntary environmental disclosure. On the contrary, ISO 14001 certification and penalty are more significant for electronic industry. Finally, the extent of internationalization shows positive relation with voluntary environmental disclosure.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(法学) / 甲第23659号 / 法博第279号 / 新制||法||175(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院法学研究科法政理論専攻 / (主査)教授 森川 輝一, 教授 唐渡 晃弘, 教授 島田 幸典 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Laws / Kyoto University / DGAM

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:13620086 研究代表者:小野 耕二 研究期間:2001-2002年度

本文主旨在以空間理論的方法，探討選舉制度與競選策略的關係。即是以形式化的演繹方法，討論候選人或政黨在不同的選舉制度下，各種策略的選擇會導致何種結果，從而推論出候選人或政黨所應採行的最適策略。全文共有五章，分別略述如下： 　　第一章導論，第一節介紹研究的動機與目的，第二節介紹研究的範圍與方法。 　　第二章則是選舉制度，競選策略與空間理論基本模型的說明。 　　第三章討論單一選區制下候選人的競選策略，包括多數決的二人爭一席模式，相對多數決的多人爭一席模式，與絕對多數決二段投票制。 　　第四章討論非單一選區制下的政黨競選策略，包括頓特最高平均數法名單比例代表制，單記可讓渡投票制，與單記非讓渡投票制。 　　第五章結論，第一節總節主要的研究結果，第二節則提出研究的限制與對未來研究的建議。

本文試圖為當前現實主義中，國際政治理論發展的問題與瓶頸，作一概略的檢視、提出可能的倡議，並進行實證研究加以檢驗。本文發現攻勢與守勢現實主義之爭，是理論發展上不必要的誤會，現實主義內的理論爭議，其實仍是分析層次的問題：單元層級的解釋混亂繁瑣而難以驗證，但體系層級基於權力分配結構的解釋，卻也不盡圓滿。因此，本文嘗試在現實主義的物質能力傳統中，對體系穩定的變動提出「體系穩定的互動解釋」與「體系穩定的結構解釋」之新嘗試，以求在名稱上貼近解釋倡議的實質內容，跳脫過去攻勢、守勢現實主義理論名稱劃分的漩渦，並作為未來建立國際政治理論的可能選擇。 本文指出，互動能力的概念，不僅是新的解釋來源，也是界定體系範疇的前提，未來的國際政治理論應利用攻守平衡的解釋邏輯，在結構之外的互動能力解釋來源中，開發科技與地理等兩項解釋變數；並發掘結構解釋來源中，絕對的權力分配作解釋變數，再分別從此導出推論；而有關穩定的意涵，也應從戰爭的避免，擴大為對和平的威脅。本文的實證研究範圍訂在一六四八年至今的歐洲乃至全球體系，本文將先分別呈現各項解釋變數在各個時代的變化，以及依據推論所應出現的結果，再對照實際上體系穩定的變異狀態，以檢驗各項推論。整體而言，本文所進行的實證研究大致上是獲得了相當的正面結果。 / The purposes of this thesis are: examining the current obstructions in Realist theory of international politics, proposing alternatives, and conducting empirical studies. The thesis finds that, the debates between Offensive and Defensive Realism are unnecessary. The level of analysis problem is still crucial: unit level explanations are complex and hard to test, but system level explanations base on the structure of relative power distribution are not satisfactory either. Thus, to get rid of the offensive and defensive labeling, the thesis proposes two alternatives within the Realist material tradition: “interaction” and “structure” explanations on the stability of the international system. The thesis argues that, interaction capacity is both a source of explanation and the precondition of a system. In the future, the theory of international politics should take offense-defense balance as logic of explanation to explore technology, geography, and absolute power distribution as independent variables. In addition, the concept of stability as a dependent variable should also be expanded. Stability is not merely the avoidance of war, but the threat to peace. The scope of the qualitative empirical studies are European and global international systems from 1648 to present. In general, the thesis finds rather positive results to support the interaction and structure explanations.

本研究從廣義的社區傳播觀點出發，探討傳統社會結構限制下的社區已婚女性，如何展現她們的能動性從家庭「走出來」，並且成為社區大學和在地社區產生連結的中介角色。在已婚女性的個人能動性方面，研究者發現根據女性所擁有的資源差異，會影響她們自我定位協商的方式。其中自主性內隱的女性，使用了「以退為進」的戰術，有意識或無意識地鬆動了傳統「賢妻良母」的自我定位。而在女性發揮能動性的過程裡，她們也展現出一種默會知識樣貌──同理心和禮物經濟。這些默會知識的運用，使她們得以在家庭和社大的場域，扮演橋樑般的角色，在情感層面上建立起對班級、社大與社區的集體認同，以及可被用於即時動員的人際網絡。而她們也會以自己的知識經驗為基礎，將社大的理念轉化為她們所認可的具體行動。 / The idea of "Community Communication" is not limited to the use of community media. In a broader perspective, interpersonal communication in everyday life should also be identified as a sphere of community communication. Therefore my research focused on the interpersonal communication of four married women who took courses in Chi-Mei Community University. From their cases, the agency of married women who lived under traditional social restraints was distinctively uncovered. As long as these female students found their own way out of domestic life, they voluntarily became mediators in community communication. They helped Chi-Mei staff not only in running courses more smoothly but also in building rapport with local inhabitants successfully. All these female students identified themselves with the roles of "wives and mothers." However, based on the different resources they acquired, they developed various tactics in the re-negotiation of self-identities during the post-parental period. In one case where the husband had more power over his wife, the wife swiftly came up with strategic approaches that instead helped her gain the advantages over her husband (sometimes even without his knowing it). With this kind of wit cultivated from daily communications, while studying in Chi-Mei Community University, these married women even foster certain tacit knowledge which can be defined as "empathy" and "gift economy". By making use of tacit knowledge, these women translated the concepts advocated by Chi-Mei staff into real actions. And they were able to mobilize their family members and friends in taking these actions as well. Yet they did not associate their voluntary contributions with the abstract concepts, but attributed the actions to their sense of belongings as a community with Chi-Mei and the people whom they admired. These female students actually underestimated their importance in community mobilization. In fact, after Typhoon Morakot seriously damaged southern Taiwan in August 2009, the community networks fostered by women’s interpersonal communication played crucial roles in delivering materials to those victims in need. This was a good example of how the loosely connected networks could be activated at some critical moment while community mobilization is urgently required.