A significant percentage of US students are not reaching expected proficiency on mathematics content. As a response, educators have been urged to use more evidence-based practices; however, due to the lack of readily available strategies, these efforts have been thwarted. In related fields, video modeling (VM) has been successful in teaching behavioral skills through edited video clips that allow target populations to observe models successfully performing featured tasks. Stemming from Bandura's social learning theory, the intent of VM is to increase the frequency of the modeled behavior through observational learning. Despite the many studies that have shown success with VM, it continues to be overlooked in education because of the lack of support surrounding its ability to teach educational content and the related technology components. The purpose of this research project was to use a single subject multiple baseline design to examine the impact of VM on the math achievement of students. The sample included 3 students, ages 16-17, and used visual analysis, percentage of nonoverlapping data points (PND), and effect sizes (ES) to analyze the results and identify significance in the outcomes. Results of the study revealed that VM had a significant impact on 1 participant after treatment and on 2 participants after maintenance. Social validity was measured through modified behavior intervention rating scales, which demonstrated that while the teacher participant did not find the treatment to be acceptable, all of the student participants did. Contribution to social change was established within this study by analyzing an effective technology-based strategy that can be used to both increase math achievement among US students and assist them to become contributing and competitive professionals in society.

Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders often do not respond to common pedagogical strategies and traditional in vivo teaching approaches. From my observations, students diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders learn best when material is presented through technology. Based on the information found in the literature review and personal observations from working with students with special needs, when students with Autism Spectrum Disorders receive video based instruction by watching recorded art lessons, they may learn to develop artistic skills and retain more art content knowledge with greater success than through traditional teaching methods. The purpose of this research study is to test the hypothesis that video based teaching methods can improve the learning of students with autism in a series of art lessons.

Research has indicated video-based interventions are successful at teaching skills to individuals with varying types of disabilities. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding video-based intervention, such as video modeling, as an evidence-based practice for academic skills. As technology becomes more and more integrated into U.S. classrooms each year, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions. Khan Academy videos are often used as supplemental resources by teachers to assist students with math work. The purposes of this study were to evaluate if in-class viewing of Khan Academy video models would increase math quiz performance for elementary age students with disabilities when used as a supplement to standard teacher instruction, to determine if the use of Khan Academy video models would decrease the total time required to complete a math quiz, and to evaluate the effects of behavioral skills training on math quiz scores in the event that Khan Academy was not effective. Results were evaluated using a non-concurrent multiple baseline across participants design and showed that overall, Khan Academy videos resulted in a slight increase in performance for two participants. The intervention was not effective for the other four. Overall, the duration to complete the quiz did not decrease with the implementation of Khan Academy. All 6 participants required behavioral skills training to increase their performances to mastery levels.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of QR code (quick reference) linked video-based instruction (VBI) on daily vocational skills for students with moderate to severe disabilities (MSD). A multiple probe across participants was used to evaluate the effectiveness of VBI accessed through scanning a QR code. During technology training a system of least prompts was used to teach students to unlock the iPod, scan the QR code, press play, and press pause between each step of the task; after reaching mastery, students entered into the intervention condition (VBI). During VBI an immediate change in level was observed across three particpants. This study found a functional relationship between VBI and the completion of vocational tasks.

This dissertation used three independent studies to evaluate learning adaptations, techniques, and tools in response to COVID-19. Study 1 provides a personal narrative about COVID-10 and school closures. The first-hand reflection explores technologies used for remote education and how the technologies can improve learning experiences. Study 2 is a literature review identifying the challenges faced in providing engaging lessons and overcoming technology fatigue. Study 3 is an empirical study providing insight into the continued use of video instruction and virtual simulations. Collectively, the manuscripts in this dissertation provide the factors influencing the normalization of digital tools used during remote learning. The technology adoption cycle and the normalization process theory are used to discuss factors that influence the normalization of tools and techniques post-pandemic. The findings of this dissertation provide insight into future uses of digital tools and techniques, given the lessons learned from emergency remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic.