One way for students with disabilities to receive instructional support from someone other than the lead classroom teacher is through paraprofessionals. Paraprofessionals who are not trained properly, however, can negatively impact student success rates. One intervention that has been explored has been the use of video modeling to train staff on various instructional and behavior management strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using video training to teach paraprofessionals how to implement errorless learning strategies with students. The participants within this study were three female paraprofessionals that were of Caucasian, Latino, and Ukranian descent and had worked in a classroom for at least one year. The dependent variables within this study were evaluated by use of a single subject, multiple baseline design across participants. Results of this study revealed that video training with a focus on errorless learning was effective in increasing paraprofessional percent correct implementation of the strategy, as indicated by an increase in exhibition of the strategy throughout observation and generalization sessions. Paraprofessional implementation of errorless learning procedures increased from a mean of 12.5% accuracy during baseline to 84% accuracy during intervention sessions. Generalization probes maintained high accuracy rates as well, with a mean of 88% accuracy across all three participants. The social validity results provided to the participants at the end of the study indicated that all participants prefer video training over in person training.

Many individuals within faith congregations are primarily taught by volunteers desiring to edify and support those they teach. Unfortunately, these devoted teachers also feel heightening insecurity in accomplishing this task because they lack professional training and experience working with individuals with disabilities. As volunteer teachers, many of these instructors do not have access to training that is efficient and affordable. The purpose of this study was to examine the how brief training videos on inclusive teaching practices, gleaned from empirically-supported practices promoted in special education classrooms, impact faith-based instructors' knowledge, confidence, and planning skills. Participants included three lay teachers from faith congregations that currently teach students between the ages of 5-18 years old. Participants completed teaching skills quizzes, confidence questionnaires, inclusive lesson plans based on hypothetical teaching scenarios with individuals with disabilities during the baseline phase. During the intervention phase, participants viewed training videos prior to completing the same set of activities. A final phone interview was conducted with each participant to assess social validity. Results indicated an unclear relation from mentioning inclusive teaching strategies in lesson plans after watching training videos. Knowledge of inclusive practices increased for two of the three participants (Range = 4-16%) and decreased by 4% for one participant. In evaluating their confidence, nearly 90% of the participants' responses increased or remained the same indicating an overall increase in confidence after brief exposure to training. Gathered data also showed that participants liked the videos and felt they were viable in teaching new teaching skills. Further research can be done to look at how inclusive teaching skill video trainings impact a teacher's use of the skills in a faith-based learning environment.

The Sunday School General Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints launched a new effort in 2010 to improve gospel learning and teaching by producing a series of short video vignettes illustrating teaching principles. This formative evaluation was conducted during the development process to determine how teachers and leaders in the Church might use these videos and the degree to which they feel the videos might be useful in improving their own teaching. Results show that in general the vignettes were well received. The majority of participants rated the videos as relevant to their needs—noting specific successes in terms of story and style that helped them learn and feel motivated to take action in their own teaching. However, one key difference emerged in the effectiveness of one video as compared to the other two in that participants felt it lacked authenticity. Data analysis also led to conclusions about improving future videos and offered ideas for other resources. Major recommendations include eliminating distracting elements in the presentation of future videos and addressing accessibility barriers that will lead to broader implementation.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The number of sports officials around the United States and world has been slowly declining. The average age of sports officials keeps rising year over year, meaning younger officials are leaving their jobs at a high rate. The goal of this study was to compare training methods, traditional and immersive video-based, specifically RefReps training, to see how this training method affects officials’ confidence level at performing their duty as college intramural basketball officials. The study included college level intramural basketball officials from different universities in the United States (N = 34). A pre-test survey asking about confidence level was administered to each participating official prior to training for the upcoming intramural season. A control group (N = 13) used the university’s traditional training as their only form of training, while the test group (N = 21) trained using RefReps immersive video-based training. A post-test survey was given with the same confidence level questions for the participants to answer. The results showed that the RefReps group showed a greater increase in confidence in their ability to possess the most extensive knowledge of the rules compared to anyone else at the game and an increase in confidence in their ability to determine if a foul or violation had been committed.

Master of Science / Department of Journalism and Mass Communications / Wes Wise / Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) contamination has been a long-existing concern for those engaged in cattle production, often causing negative public health and economic consequences. The existence of pre-harvest practices that reduce E. coli contamination creates the opportunity to support human health by focusing on modifying behaviors in cattle production through educational communication. It is vital to consider how the communication can be modified to persuade the audience. This study examined the effects of different sources, such as a veterinarian or a cattle producer, presenting the educational message in a training video. An experimental design was used to examine how the information source used in a video relates to the source’s credibility, as well as testing concepts related to the theory of planned behavior. A link to a video and an online questionnaire were distributed to cattle producers through the weekly news e-mail distributed by several beef industry organizations. The data analysis of 106 complete questionnaires found that no matter how a presenter was described in a training video there was no difference in the perceived credibility of the presenter. Also, no matter how the source was identified there was no difference in the variables related to the theory of planned behavior and possible behavior adoption. In addition to these results, this study found that no matter how the source was labeled, higher perceived credibility correlated with more positive attitudes, perceived norms, perceived behavior control and reported intention to adopt the suggested behaviors. This pattern provides evidence for credibility’s relationship with possible behavior adoption, indicating that credibility of the source is an important consideration when message designers are constructing training videos.

Teachers often use videos to teach their students, but stories are not used as often in educational videos as they could be. Experts tell us that stories are an important part of teaching and learning. Unfortunately, there is only a small amount of research and no definitive expert agreement about stories used in educational videos. This is especially true for videos used with technical education students, like mechanic students or dental assisting students. In this study, dental assisting students learned how to assist a dentist with a standard cavity procedure after watching a video with or without a story. The study measured which video helped students get better quiz scores, feel more motivated, and which videos they preferred better. The students were randomly assigned to watch either video. The results demonstrated no significant difference in quiz scores or motivation, part of this was due to the low number of participants in this section of the study. Another group of students were shown both videos and then interviewed to determine additional insights. Overall, students preferred the video without the story as a reference for the dental cavity procedure. Students also seemed to like the video without the story because it was short and simple. In contrast, students reported the video with the story was more emotionally engaging, especially in regards to developing empathy for patients. Students also reported the video with the story better helped prepared them to work with patients.

abstract: Despite the evidence that suicide risk assessment training is necessary only 40-50% of psychology programs offer risk assessment training (Granello & Juhnke, 2010). In the present study an online suicide risk assessment and safety plan training workshop for graduate students in the field of psychology was investigated. Participants were randomly assigned to the control condition (lecture) or the treatment condition (lecture + demonstration). Measures of declarative knowledge of suicide risk and protective factors, application to clinical scenarios, and risk assessment and management self-efficacy scales were administered before and after completion of the workshop. Two way repeated measures ANOVA's were conducted with repeated time measures to evaluate the Time X Condition interaction. While there was a significant main effect of time on all three dependent variables, there was no significant time X condition interaction. In contrast to predictions, the added component of a demonstration did not result in greater improvements in application to clinical scenario multiple choice questions or risk assessment and management self-efficacy. Post hoc moderation analysis revealed demonstration enhanced the effects of knowledge acquisition and assessment of clinical scenarios for individuals who reported the training was less relevant to their current work. Implications of findings and directions of further research are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Counseling Psychology 2016

This master thesis focuses on the home video training in families with children with autism spectrum disorders in the toddler period. Its aim is to summarize knowledge and new findings from the crucial areas and to describe the utilization of this method. The theoretical part of the thesis deals in detail with the method of home video training. It is also focused on autism spectrum disorders, especially on their typical manifestation in the toddler period. The specifics of families with children with this disorder are described. Current information from the area of use in these families is also mentioned. The empirical part of the thesis contains a presentation of a study based on the four case studies. It approaches the use of method video home training in families with children with autism spectrum disorders.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le programme de recherche empirique et technologique du «cours d’action » (Theureau, 1992) en anthropologie cognitive. Elle étudie la conception, l’usage et les effets d’un dispositif collectif de vidéo-formation, destiné à des étudiants de Licence STAPS pour développer leur capacité à analyser et comprendre des situations de classe en Éducation physique et sportive (EPS), à l’échelle de la leçon. Deux visées sont poursuivies : a) une visée épistémique cherchant à mieux comprendre les formes d’activité et d’expérience déployées par les étudiants en situation de vidéo-formation et b) une visée de conception technologique du dispositif de vidéo-formation orienté « activité » et répondant à une démarche de conception continuée dans l’usage. L’étude a été réalisée avec un groupe d’étudiants (n=15) inscrits dans une UE de préprofessionnalisation en 3ème année de Licence Éducation et Motricité en STAPS. Cinq types de données ont été recueillies durant le dispositif alternant des périodes de stages et de TD à l’Université : (i) des données d’enregistrement vidéo de l’activité en classe des étudiants durant le stage et aussi en formation, (ii) des traces écrites produites par les étudiants en stage et en formation (journaux de bord), (iii) des données d’entretien d’autoconfrontation sur leur activité en classe et (iv) sur leurs traces écrites, et (v) des données quantitatives et qualitatives issues de questionnaires. Les résultats révèlent (i) une appropriation par les étudiants d’une grille leur permettant d’analyser une leçon d’EPS et d’en discrétiser les moments-clés, (ii) une expérience vécue en vidéo-formation qui traduit une inclination réflexive sur les moments de face à face pédagogique dans la leçon d’EPS, (iii) quatre formes typiques d’analyse des vidéos de classe (décrire, juger, interpréter, se projeter), témoignant d’une activité d’observation centrée sur l’enseignant en classe comme manager, et d’une cécité aux apprentissages moteurs des élèves ; (iv) le rôle des pairs comme accélérateur de la capacité à analyser les pratiques de classe. Ces résultats relatifs à l’activité des étudiants en formation ont permis d’envisager conjointement la conception de différentes phases du dispositif, finalisée par une première plateforme de formation en ligne « Former à l’intervention en EPS » (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2014a), puis une seconde « Observation et Régul@ction en EPS » (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2016) / This thesis is part of the empirical and technological research program of the "course of action" (Theureau, 1992) in cognitive anthropology. She is studying the design, use and effects of a collective video-training device for undergraduate students in Physical Education to develop their ability to analyze and understand classroom situations in Physical Education. Two aims are pursued: a) an epistemic aim seeking to better understand the forms of activity and experience deployed by students in a video-training situation and b) a technological design aim of the "activity-oriented" video-training device and responding to a design in use process. The study was conducted with a group of students (n = 15) enrolled in a pre-professionalization course in the third year degree in Physical Education Teacher Education. Five types of data were collected during the device based on periods of internships and workshop at University: (i) video recording data of student's classroom activity during the internship and also during workshop, (ii) written records produced by students during internship and workshop, (iii) self-confrontation interview data on their activity in classroom and (iv) in their written records, and (v) quantitative and qualitative data from surveys. The results reveal (i) students' appropriation of a grid allowing them to analyze PE lesson and to analyze the key moments, (ii) a lived experience in video-training which reflects a reflexive inclination on pedagogical face-to-face moments in the PE lesson, (iii) four typical forms of classroom video analysis (describe, judge, interpret, project), evidence of teacher-centered observation activity in classroom as a manager, and a blindness to student motor learning activity; (iv) the role of peers as an accelerator of the ability to analyze class practices. These results relating to the activity of students in training made it possible to jointly consider the design of different phases of the system, finalized by a first online training platform "Former à l’intervention en EPS" (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2014a), then a second "Observation e tRégul@tion en EPS" (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2016)

La ricerca mette a fuoco le attività formative messe in atto in Italia per dotare con urgenza le scuole secondarie di secondo grado italiane di docenti competenti in ambito CLIL e intende dimostrare l’impatto che questa metodologia ha sulla formazione e lo sviluppo professionale. Dal 2014 il CLIL è obbligatorio nelle classi terminali dei licei e degli istituti tecnici. Ciò ha generato una forte domanda di formazione da parte di istituzioni e docenti chiamati a insegnare discipline in lingua straniera. Questo lavoro esplora la possibilità di sfruttare la video-formazione per fronteggiare le preoccupazioni di quei docenti che, senza essere formati alla glottodidattica, sono chiamati ad integrare obiettivi linguistici al curriculum disciplinare. Il nostro lavoro parte dall’esame di un corpus di video-lezioni da noi raccolte ai fini di una ricerca-azione commissionata dal MIUR volta ad indagare il grado di innovazione implicata dal CLIL, per poi giungere a dimostrare l’importanza dell’auto-osservazione e dell’auto-riflessione sulla prassi didattica, fino a proporre l’introduzione dell’esercizio di microteaching nella formazione dei docenti CLIL. Una ricca riflessione sull’organizzazione concettuale della propria disciplina e sulla sua trasposizione didattica conduce i docenti a un interessate lavoro sulla mediazione della conoscenza che sviluppa le loro competenze professionali. / Focusing on teaching and training activities implemented in Italy to provide secondary schools with teachers able to teach in the CLIL context, our research aims at demonstrating the impact of this methodology in teacher training and professional development. Since 2014 this methodology has become compulsory for the Italian secondary terminal classes (except vocational high schools). A strong demand for training prompted from institutions and teachers, urgently required to teach disciplines in a foreign language. The MIUR has therefore set up university courses aimed at integrating languages and disciplines. Here we explore the possibility of exploiting video-training to face Italian teachers’ concerns, who are asked, without being trained in language teaching, to integrate linguistic objectives into their curriculum. We examine a corpus of video-lessons collected for a research set on behalf of the Italian Ministry of Education to investigate at what extent CLIL brought an innovation into the Italian Education. Once highlighted the importance of (self)observation and (self)reflection upon classroom practices, we propose the introduction of micro-teaching practice in CLIL teacher training. A fruitful reflection on the conceptual organization and the didactic transposition of their discipline leads teachers work on the linguistic mediation of knowledge which improves their professional skills.