Universiẗat-Gesamthochsch., Diss.--Paderborn, 1994.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv,148 pages; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-136). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1976.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-159). Also available on the Internet.

Zugl.: Bayreuth, Universiẗat, Diss., 1997.

It had long been known that individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), have locally reduced vitamin C levels in the intestinal mucosa, which equates to an overall loss of the antioxidant capacity and increase risk of oxidative tissue damage. The aim of the present work was to expand on this concept, through investigating the role of genetic variations in intestinal vitamin C transporters in vulnerability to IBD and further characterizing their functions. The studies focused on a known intestinal transporter for ascorbic acid, SLC23A1, and a novel intestinal transporter of dehydroascorbic acid, SLC2A14 (GLUT14). To investigate any association between the SLC23A1 and SLC2A14 with IBD, genomic DNA of 311 Caucasian individuals with IBD, participated in the Manitoba IBD Cohort Study, and 142 healthy controls were genotyped for tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of each gene, using TaqMan Assays. New splice variants of SLC23A1 and SLC2A14 were determined by In silico analyses, followed by sub-cloning of the splice variants to verify their subcellular locations. Substrates and functions were determined, using the Xenopus laevis oocyte system for each transporter. The presence of the SLC23A1 variant rs10063949 G allele elevated the risk for CD by 150% (Odds ratios (OR) = 2.54, 95% CI 1.83-3.53). An allele dosage effect was confirmed; compared to rs10063949-AA homozygotes the 10063949-AG heterozygotes have a 150% elevated risk and the 10063949-GG homozygotes have a 370% elevated CD risk (OR=2.54, 95% CI 1.38-4.66; OR=4.72, 95% CI 2.53-8.81, p<0.001; respectively). No relation was observed between genetic variants in SLC23A1 and UC. Through database search, a novel 5’exon was discovered for SLC23A1 locus which is located 1078 nucleotides upstream of the canonical first exon. The two first exons are not mutually exclusive since they splice together to create a novel SLC23A1 protein isoform, we named it isoform 1A, with a N-terminus that is elongated by 36 amino acid. The novel SLC23A1 isoform located at the plasma membrane, but mediates only 7% of the ascorbic acid transport exhibited by the shorter isoform. The presence of the SLC2A14 SNP rs2889504 A allele elevated the risk for UC by 260% and CD by 468% (OR: 3.60, 95% CI: 1.95-6.64; OR: 4.68, 95% CI: 2.78-8.50, respectively). The rs10846086-G allele elevated the risk of UC and CD approximately 3-fold (OR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1.49-5.68; OR: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.55-5.78, respectively). The variant rs12815313-T increased the risk for CD by 112% (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.33-3.36). All the genetic variations in SLC2A14 gene, associated with IBD, were independent from each other, strengthening the evidence that functional SNPs in the SLC2A14 locus contribute to IBD. It was identified that the two major GLUT14 isoforms locate to the plasmalemma membrane and mediate cellular uptake of dehydroascorbic acid. Significant expression in extra-testicular tissues was confirmed for SLC2A14, notably in intestinal segments, explaining the association with IBD. Re-analysis of genomic showed a dramatically expanded locus of SLC2A14, containing twenty exons which covered 103,477 nucleotides from the first Transcriptional Start Site (TSS) to the termination of the longest transcript. All together, the presented evidence indicate that functional SNPs in the SLC2A14 gene and SLC23A1 could contribute to vitamin C imbalance in mucosal cells which contributes to an elevated risks of IBD. Furthermore, novel information about genetic and functional characteristics of SLC23A1 and GLUT14 transporters was identified. / February 2016

Orientadora: Isabel Cristina Boleli / Banca: Antônio Carlos Laurentiz / Banca: Lúcio Francelino Araújo / Banca: Otto Mack Junqueira / Banca: Silvana Martinez Baraldi-Artoni / Resumo: Estresse calórico afeta o desempenho e as características morfofuncionais dos frangos. Manipulação das condições ambientais na fase fetal tem se mostrado efetiva na indução de características adaptativas ao calor na incubação. Manipulação nutricional da ave com anti-estressores também tem sido apontado como potencial indutor de adaptações fisiológicas ao calor na fase de criação. O presente estudo analisou os efeitos do estresse por calor na incubação associado ou não à injeção de ácido ascórbico (AA) intra ovo sobre características morfofuncionais dos pintos na eclosão e sobre seu desempenho pós-eclosão e características morfofuncionais à idade de abate quando criados sob temperatura fria, termoneutra ou quente. No Capítulo 1 apresentamos uma abordagem teórica sobre o tema. Nos Capítulos 2, 3 e 4 são abordados os efeitos da alta temperatura de incubação associada ou não com diferentes porcentagens de AA injetado intra ovo antes da incubação sobre parâmetros de incubação (temperatura da casca dos ovos, perda de massa dos ovos, eclodibilidade, mortalidade, condutância e qualidade dos pintos), hemodinâmica (eritrograma, leucograma e variáveis bioquímicas e gases) e desenvolvimento da bursa de Fabrícius (peso, área medular e cortical dos folículos, espessura de epitélio e proliferação celular). Para isso, ovos férteis de matrizes de frangos de corte (Cobb) foram utilizados em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado 2x5 (temperatura de incubação: 37,5ºC e 39ºC; sem injeção de AA e injeção de 0%, 2%, 4% e 6% de AA). Os dados do Capítulo 2 mostram que as porcentagens de AA utilizadas afetaram a perda de calor por condução e a taxa de eclosão dos ovos, e que não minimizaram os efeitos da alta temperatura de incubação sobre o desenvolvimento hepático e cardíaco... / Abstract: Heat stress affects the performance and morphofunctional characteristics of broilers. Manipulation of environmental conditions during the fetal period has been effective in the induction of adaptive traits in heat incubation.Nutritional manipulation of the bird with anti-stressors has also been touted as a potential inducer of physiological adaptations to heat in the growing phase. The present study examined the effects of heat stress on incubation with and without intra-egg injection of ascorbic acid (AA) on the morphofunctional characteristics of chicks at hatching and their post-hatch performance and morphofunctional characteristics at slaughter age when raised under cold thermoneutral or hot temperatures. In Chapter 1 we present a theoretical approach to the topic. In Chapters 2, 3 and 4 the effects of high incubation temperature associated or not with different percentages of AA injected intra-egg before incubation on incubation parameters (temperature, eggshell, weight loss, hatchability, mortality, conductance and chick quality), hemodynamics (erythrocyte, leukocyte count and biochemical variables and gases) and development of the Fabrucius bursa (weight, medullary and cortical area of the follicles, epithelial thickness and cell proliferation) are addressed. For this fertile Cobb broiler eggs were used in a completely randomized design 2x5 (incubation temperature: 37.5º C and 39º C, not injection of AA, and injection of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% of AA). The data in Chapter 2 show that the percentage of AA used affected the heat loss by conduction and hatching rate of the eggs and did not minimize the effects of high temperature incubation on the heart and liver development... / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-06-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:09:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_ga_me_arafcf.pdf: 728795 bytes, checksum: bcd6fbe0c1522e95f7d9b8b9b1c94323 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O ácido ascórbico (AA), conhecido como vitamina C, é vital para o funcionamento das células e isso é particularmente evidente no tecido conjuntivo, pois é co-fator de duas enzimas essenciais na biossíntese do colágeno, a lisil e prolil hidroxilase. Aumenta a absorção de ferro e através de sua capacidade antioxidante protege as células e tecidos contra os danos oxidativos provocados pelos radicais livres e espécies reativas de oxigênio. No entanto, o AA quando incorporado em sistemas para o uso tópico é instável e por isso, é necessário que seja avaliada a sua estabilidade química. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver sistemas que auxiliem na estabilidade do AA, e para a avaliação da sua estabilidade química, foram propostos métodos de quantificação aplicados ao longo do tempo. Foram utilizados três métodos para a determinação e quantificação do AA, dois métodos titulométricos, que utilizam o NBS e o IODO como agentes titulantes e o método de inibição do radical DPPH (MIR), todos de baixo custo e fácil reprodutibilidade. Também foram realizados os ensaios in vitro de liberação, permeação e retenção cutânea para avaliar a eficácia do sistema que melhor auxiliou na manutenção da estabilidade química do AA ao longo do tempo. Foram preparados sistemas binários constituídos por propilenoglicol e água, sistemas contendo agregados supramoleculares (microemulsões e sistemas líquido cristalinos) e sistema emulsionado, e todos os sistemas foram adicionados de AA a 1%. Dentre os métodos de escolha o MIR foi validado por ser eficiente na quantificação de todos os sistemas propostos, diferentemente dos métodos titulométricos, que não foram adequados para os sistemas contendo agregados supramoleculares. O AA presente nos sistemas binários e sistemas contendo agregados supra moleculares foi determinado... / Ascorbic acid (AA), known as vitamin C is vital to the functioning of cells and this is particularly evident in the tissue, it is a cofactor for two essential enzymes for the biosynthesis of collagen, the lysyl and prolyl hydroxylase. Increases iron absorption and by its antioxidant protects cells and tissues against oxidative damage caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species. However, when the AA incorporated into systems for topical use is unstable and therefore it must be evaluated their chemical stability. This study aimed to develop systems that aid in the stability of AA, and to evaluate their chemical stability, have been proposed quantification methods applied over time. Three methods were used for the determination and quantification of AA, two titrimetric methods, using NBS and iodine agents as titrants and method of inhibiting the radical DPPH (MIR), all of low cost and easily reproduced. Were also performed in vitro release, permeation and skin retention to evaluate the effectiveness of the system that best helped in maintaining the AA chemical stability over time. Binary systems were prepared consisting of propylene glycol and water system containing supramolecular aggregates (microemulsions and liquid crystalline systems) and emulsified system, in all systems were added 1% of AA. Among the methods of choice has been validated by the MIR to be effective in the quantification of all the systems proposed, unlike titrimetric methods, which are not suitable for systems containing supramolecular aggregates. The AA present in binary systems and systems containing molecular aggregates was determined above, and these systems have been less effective in relation to the emulsified system O/A, which showed greater ability to maintain the stability of AA with 63.98% content active throughout the 90... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:29:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pinto_mt_me_arafcf.pdf: 576726 bytes, checksum: a50426a4a05d15279f97ef78217293e9 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o estudo de vida-de-prateleira do suco de laranja concentrado e congelado avaliando suas características físico-químicas e sensoriais. Foi utilizado suco de laranja fresco, pasteurizado (104°C/10s) e concentrado, da variedade Pêra, da safra/04, fornecido por indústria produtora de suco de laranja da região de Araraquara, SP. A avaliação sensorial da cor, do aroma, do sabor e da impressão global do suco de laranja fresco, do suco pasteurizado e do suco concentrado foi realizada por uma equipe de 50 provadores utilizando teste de aceitação com escala hedônica estruturada de 9 pontos. Foram também determinados o teor de sólidos solúveis totais, o pH, a acidez total, o ratio, o teor de açúcares totais, de açúcares redutores, de ácido ascórbico e o conteúdo de hidroximetilfurfural. As análises foram realizadas logo após o processamento dos sucos - no tempo zero de estocagem - e durante a vida-de-prateleira do suco concentrado e congelado. O suco de laranja fresco apresentou as maiores notas de aceitação seguido do suco concentrado e do suco pasteurizado. O suco pasteurizado diferiu significativamente (p<0,05) dos demais em relação a todos os atributos avaliados, embora todos os sucos tenham apresentado aceitação sensorial superior à nota de corte. A aceitação de todos os atributos variou linearmente com o tempo de estocagem. O teor de sólidos solúveis totais dos sucos variou de 10,9 a 11,0°Bri x (p<0,05). A acidez total foi de 0,68 g ácido cítrico/100 mL para o suco de laranja fresco a 0,81 g ácido cítrico/100 mL para o suco concentrado (p<0,05). O ratio dos sucos variou entre 13,5 e 15,9 (p<0,05). O suco de laranja fresco apresentou pH 3,8 (p<0,05) e o maior teor de açúcares totais (9,0 g glicose/100 mL suco) (p<0,05). O suco de laranja pasteurizado apresentou o maior teor de açúcares redutores... / The aim of this work was to study the shelf life of frozen concentrated orange juice evaluating its physicochemical and sensory characteristics. Fresh orange juice, pasteurized orange juice (104°C/10s) and frozen con centrated orange juice of the Pera variety from the 2004 harvest were supplied by an orange juice industry in the Araraquara region, SP, Brazil. The sensorial evaluation of color, aroma, flavor and overall impression of the fresh, pasteurized and concentrated orange juice was carried out using a panel of 50 members, with a 9-point structured hedonic scale. Total soluble solids, pH, total acidity, ratio, total sugar, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural contents were also determined. The analyses were performed immediately after the juices were processed zero time of storage - and during the shelf life of the frozen concentrated orange juice. The fresh orange juice presented the highest acceptance scores, followed by the concentrated and the pasteurized juice. The pasteurized juice differed significantly (p<0.05) from the others with respect to all the attributes although all the juices showed sensorial acceptance higher than the cut off score. The acceptance of all the attributes varied linearly with storage. The total soluble solids of the juices varied from 10.9 to 11.0°Brix (p<0.05). Total acidi ty varied from 0.68 g citric acid/100 mL for the fresh orange juice to 0.81 g citric acid/100 mL for the concentrated juice (p<0.05). The ratio of the juices varied between 13.5 and 15.9 (p<0.05). The fresh orange juice showed pH 3.8 (p<0.05), the highest total sugar content (9.0 g glucose/100 mL juice) (p<0.05) and the highest ascorbic acid content (p<0.05), 66.7 mg/100 mL. The pasteurized orange juice showed the highest reducing sugar content (5.4 g glucose/100mL) (p<0.05)... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

abstract: Among its many roles in the body, ascorbic acid functions as a cofactor in carnitine and catecholamine synthesis, metabolites involved in fat oxidation and mood regulation, respectively. Given that fat oxidation and mood affect one's feelings of vigor, I hypothesized that those with lower levels of plasma ascorbic acid would be less likely to exercise at high levels than individuals with adequate or high levels of vitamin C. To test this, I conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention. A group of healthy, non-smoking males between the ages of 18 and 40 were put on a vitamin C-restricted diet for two weeks and then randomized to a control group that received placebo capsules for six weeks or an intervention group that received 500 mg of vitamin C daily for six weeks. The men were restricted from eating foods high in vitamin C, instructed to wear a pedometer daily and to record their step counts, and to take a pill daily (either the placebo or vitamin C supplement). Unexpectedly, the subjects receiving the intervention had lower step counts than the control group; the control group, rather than the vitamin C group, significantly (p=0.017) increased their steps at week 8 compared to week 2. However, I also estimated daily Metabolic Equivalent Tasks (METs), and subjects receiving the placebo had lower MET outputs than subjects receiving vitamin C at the end of the trial, in spite of having higher step counts. This means the intensity of their activity was higher, based on METs expenditure. Additionally, depression scores (POMS-D) as measured by the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire were significantly higher (p=0.041) among subjects receiving the placebo at the end of the study. These latter results are consistent with my expectations that subjects with higher levels of plasma vitamin C would have improved mood and higher energy output than subjects with low levels of vitamin C. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Nutrition 2011