Introdução: A adolescência é uma fase de vulnerabilidade e de exposição a vários comportamentos de risco para a saúde. A gravidez na adolescência associa-se a elevada taxa de complicações maternas e relaciona-se a elevadas taxas de morbimortalidade materna e fetal. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de pré-eclâmpsia (PE) na população de adolescentes atendida no sistema público de saúde no sul do Brasil e avaliar a sua associação com os principais fatores de risco e a ocorrência de eventos adversos maternos e fetais. Método: Estudo transversal realizado entre adolescentes (idade ≥10 anos e <20 anos) internadas nas enfermarias de puerpério do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, localizada na região sul do Brasil. Resultados: Foram estudadas 533 adolescentes no puerpério, durante um período de nove meses. A idade média foi de 17,5 ± 1,4 anos, sendo que 10,5% eram menores de 16 anos, 63,8% brancas, 81,2% primigestas e 21% tiveram seu nascimento por cesariana. Foi observada uma prevalência de 5,3 % de PE entre as adolescentes, sendo 17,8% com PE grave. A presença de anemia, uso de drogas lícitas (tabaco e álcool) ou ilícitas na gestação e obesidade não se associaram de forma significativa a PE. A suplementação de vitaminas e minerais durante gravidez associou-se significativamente (p=0,034) a ocorrência de PE. As complicações puerperais foram mais frequentes no grupo de PE quando comparado ao grupo sem PE (32% x 7,9%, respectivamente). No grupo de PE, a prematuridade foi significativamente mais alta (35,7% x 10,7%). Conclusões: A prevalência de PE encontrada na amostra estudada foi semelhante aos dados da literatura. Destacamos a maior prevalência de prematuridade e complicações puerperais entre mães adolescentes com PE. / Introduction: Adolescence is a vulnerable stage and exposes to various behavioral risks that may affect the health. Teenage pregnancy is associated with a high rate of maternal complications and is related to high rates of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of preeclampsia (PE) in the population of adolescents that were attended in the south of Brazil public’s health system and assess its association with major risk factors and the occurrence of adverse maternal and fetal events. Methods: Cross-sectional study among adolescents (age ≥10 years and <20 years) hospitalized in the puerperium wards of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, located in the south of Brazil. Results: We studied 533 teenagers in the puerperium, for a period of nine months. The mean age was 17.5 ± 1.4 years, and 10.5% were under 16 years, 63.8% white, 81.2% first pregnancy and 21% had their birth by caesarean section. A prevalence of 5.3% of PE was observed among adolescents, 17.8% had severe PE. The presence of anemia, use of licit (tobacco, alcohol) and illicit drugs during pregnancy and obesity were not associated significantly the PE form. Vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy has associated with the occurrence of PE (p=0.034). Puerperal complications were more frequent in the PE group compared to the group without PE (32% vs. 7.9% respectively). In the PE group, prematurity was significantly higher (35.7% vs. 10.7%). Conclusions: The prevalence of PE among adolescents found in the sample studied was similar to the literature data. Preterm birth and puerperal complications were highly prevalent in teen mothers with PE.

Introdução: A adolescência é uma fase de vulnerabilidade e de exposição a vários comportamentos de risco para a saúde. A gravidez na adolescência associa-se a elevada taxa de complicações maternas e relaciona-se a elevadas taxas de morbimortalidade materna e fetal. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de pré-eclâmpsia (PE) na população de adolescentes atendida no sistema público de saúde no sul do Brasil e avaliar a sua associação com os principais fatores de risco e a ocorrência de eventos adversos maternos e fetais. Método: Estudo transversal realizado entre adolescentes (idade ≥10 anos e <20 anos) internadas nas enfermarias de puerpério do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, localizada na região sul do Brasil. Resultados: Foram estudadas 533 adolescentes no puerpério, durante um período de nove meses. A idade média foi de 17,5 ± 1,4 anos, sendo que 10,5% eram menores de 16 anos, 63,8% brancas, 81,2% primigestas e 21% tiveram seu nascimento por cesariana. Foi observada uma prevalência de 5,3 % de PE entre as adolescentes, sendo 17,8% com PE grave. A presença de anemia, uso de drogas lícitas (tabaco e álcool) ou ilícitas na gestação e obesidade não se associaram de forma significativa a PE. A suplementação de vitaminas e minerais durante gravidez associou-se significativamente (p=0,034) a ocorrência de PE. As complicações puerperais foram mais frequentes no grupo de PE quando comparado ao grupo sem PE (32% x 7,9%, respectivamente). No grupo de PE, a prematuridade foi significativamente mais alta (35,7% x 10,7%). Conclusões: A prevalência de PE encontrada na amostra estudada foi semelhante aos dados da literatura. Destacamos a maior prevalência de prematuridade e complicações puerperais entre mães adolescentes com PE. / Introduction: Adolescence is a vulnerable stage and exposes to various behavioral risks that may affect the health. Teenage pregnancy is associated with a high rate of maternal complications and is related to high rates of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of preeclampsia (PE) in the population of adolescents that were attended in the south of Brazil public’s health system and assess its association with major risk factors and the occurrence of adverse maternal and fetal events. Methods: Cross-sectional study among adolescents (age ≥10 years and <20 years) hospitalized in the puerperium wards of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, located in the south of Brazil. Results: We studied 533 teenagers in the puerperium, for a period of nine months. The mean age was 17.5 ± 1.4 years, and 10.5% were under 16 years, 63.8% white, 81.2% first pregnancy and 21% had their birth by caesarean section. A prevalence of 5.3% of PE was observed among adolescents, 17.8% had severe PE. The presence of anemia, use of licit (tobacco, alcohol) and illicit drugs during pregnancy and obesity were not associated significantly the PE form. Vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy has associated with the occurrence of PE (p=0.034). Puerperal complications were more frequent in the PE group compared to the group without PE (32% vs. 7.9% respectively). In the PE group, prematurity was significantly higher (35.7% vs. 10.7%). Conclusions: The prevalence of PE among adolescents found in the sample studied was similar to the literature data. Preterm birth and puerperal complications were highly prevalent in teen mothers with PE.

Introdução: A adolescência é uma fase de vulnerabilidade e de exposição a vários comportamentos de risco para a saúde. A gravidez na adolescência associa-se a elevada taxa de complicações maternas e relaciona-se a elevadas taxas de morbimortalidade materna e fetal. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de pré-eclâmpsia (PE) na população de adolescentes atendida no sistema público de saúde no sul do Brasil e avaliar a sua associação com os principais fatores de risco e a ocorrência de eventos adversos maternos e fetais. Método: Estudo transversal realizado entre adolescentes (idade ≥10 anos e <20 anos) internadas nas enfermarias de puerpério do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, localizada na região sul do Brasil. Resultados: Foram estudadas 533 adolescentes no puerpério, durante um período de nove meses. A idade média foi de 17,5 ± 1,4 anos, sendo que 10,5% eram menores de 16 anos, 63,8% brancas, 81,2% primigestas e 21% tiveram seu nascimento por cesariana. Foi observada uma prevalência de 5,3 % de PE entre as adolescentes, sendo 17,8% com PE grave. A presença de anemia, uso de drogas lícitas (tabaco e álcool) ou ilícitas na gestação e obesidade não se associaram de forma significativa a PE. A suplementação de vitaminas e minerais durante gravidez associou-se significativamente (p=0,034) a ocorrência de PE. As complicações puerperais foram mais frequentes no grupo de PE quando comparado ao grupo sem PE (32% x 7,9%, respectivamente). No grupo de PE, a prematuridade foi significativamente mais alta (35,7% x 10,7%). Conclusões: A prevalência de PE encontrada na amostra estudada foi semelhante aos dados da literatura. Destacamos a maior prevalência de prematuridade e complicações puerperais entre mães adolescentes com PE. / Introduction: Adolescence is a vulnerable stage and exposes to various behavioral risks that may affect the health. Teenage pregnancy is associated with a high rate of maternal complications and is related to high rates of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of preeclampsia (PE) in the population of adolescents that were attended in the south of Brazil public’s health system and assess its association with major risk factors and the occurrence of adverse maternal and fetal events. Methods: Cross-sectional study among adolescents (age ≥10 years and <20 years) hospitalized in the puerperium wards of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, located in the south of Brazil. Results: We studied 533 teenagers in the puerperium, for a period of nine months. The mean age was 17.5 ± 1.4 years, and 10.5% were under 16 years, 63.8% white, 81.2% first pregnancy and 21% had their birth by caesarean section. A prevalence of 5.3% of PE was observed among adolescents, 17.8% had severe PE. The presence of anemia, use of licit (tobacco, alcohol) and illicit drugs during pregnancy and obesity were not associated significantly the PE form. Vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy has associated with the occurrence of PE (p=0.034). Puerperal complications were more frequent in the PE group compared to the group without PE (32% vs. 7.9% respectively). In the PE group, prematurity was significantly higher (35.7% vs. 10.7%). Conclusions: The prevalence of PE among adolescents found in the sample studied was similar to the literature data. Preterm birth and puerperal complications were highly prevalent in teen mothers with PE.

Malgré le rôle important joué par les comportements alimentaires durant la grossesse, et de leurs implications pour la santé de la mère et de l’enfant à naître, plusieurs études soulignent que les besoins d’informations des femmes enceintes à faible revenu ou issues de minorités ethniques n’ont pas été comblés. Le comportement de recherche d’informations de femmes enceintes immigrantes maghrébines à faible revenu sera donc abordé via le modèle d’Engel, Kollat et Blackwell. L’objectif général est l’exploration de ce comportement de recherche d’informations en lien avec des thématiques associées à leur alimentation au cours de la grossesse. La thèse propose quatre questions spécifiques de recherche visant l’exploration des facteurs d’ordre individuel et d’environnement susceptibles d’influencer une recherche active d’informations, des sources auprès desquelles des informations sont recherchées, et de la nature de l’information recueillie. Un total de 28 femmes enceintes volontaires (14 primigestes et 14 secondigestes) ont été recrutées via le Dispensaire diététique de Montréal entre les mois d’août 2010 et 2011. Des entrevues semi-structurées de 60 à 90 minutes ont été réalisées par l’étudiante au doctorat. Les données ont été soumises à une analyse de contenu via le logiciel NVivo. Des facteurs d’ordre individuel susceptibles d’influencer le comportement de recherche active d’informations furent identifiés: perspective idéologique à l’égard de la grossesse, présence de malaises de grossesse, perception du caractère contradictoire des informations reçues, perceptions liées au caractère adéquat de l’information reçue, perceptions liées au caractère suffisant de l’information détenue, variation du poids corporel, valorisation du bien-être du bébé, attitudes à l’égard de la supplémentation prénatale, valorisation d’une saine alimentation et motivation à apprendre. Des facteurs d’environnement susceptibles d’influencer le comportement de recherche active d’informations ont été identifiés: culture (habitudes alimentaires, croyances alimentaires, croyances religieuses, perte de repères culturels traditionnels quant aux soins de santé et conseils offerts durant la grossesse) et interactions avec les membres de l’environnement social. Des sources d’informations significatives en lien avec la nutrition prénatale se sont avérées être pour les primigestes: diététiste, mère, amies, mari et Internet. Pour les secondigestes, ces sources d’informations étaient: diététiste, médecin, amies et mari. Une source d’informations professionnelle significative concernant la supplémentation prénatale et le gain de poids durant la grossesse, tant pour les primigestes que secondigestes, s’est révélée être la diététiste. Peu de femmes ont rapporté avoir reçu des professionnels de l’information à propos de la salubrité alimentaire et des risques de gagner trop de poids. Les résultats soulèvent une réflexion à l’égard de l’implication des professionnels en période prénatale et quant à la révision de leurs approches de counseling nutritionnel. Les résultats amènent également à réfléchir quant à l’amélioration des activités ayant pour objectif de répondre aux besoins d’informations des femmes enceintes immigrantes maghrébines à faible revenu en lien avec des thématiques liées à l’alimentation durant la grossesse. Pour terminer, il serait utile que de futures recherches s’attardent à mieux comprendre le comportement de recherche d’informations en lien avec des thématiques associées à l’alimentation de femmes enceintes de différents horizons culturels ou de celle de l’enfant à venir. / Despite the important role played by healthy behaviours during pregnancy, and their health implications for both mother and baby, several studies have highlighted that health information needs of low-income and ethnic minority pregnant women have not been met. Thus, the information-seeking behaviour of low-income pregnant Maghrebian women has been studied in this thesis by using the Engel, Kollat and Blackwell (EKB) model. The main objective of this thesis’s research is to explore information-seeking behaviours regarding nutrition-related topics during pregnancy in order to determine whether decisional processes regarding information-seeking behaviour differ among primigravid and secundigravid women. This thesis proposes four specific research questions aiming at the exploration of individual and environmental factors likely to influence the active information-seeking behaviour, the type of information and the sources from which such information is collected. Data has been collected among 28 low-income voluntary women (14 primigravid and 14 secundigravid) mainly referred by the Montreal Diet Dispensary between August 2010 and 2011. Semi-structured interviews lasting 60 to 90 minutes were conducted by the doctoral student. Data were analyzed using content analysis with NVivo software. On one hand, individual factors likely to influence the active information-seeking behaviour have been found to be: the ideological examination of pregnancy, presence of pregnancy discomforts, perception of conflicting information from providers, perceived adequacy of received nutrition information, perceived sufficiency of information, body weight changes, recognition of the baby’s well-being, attitudes toward prenatal supplementation, importance given to healthy eating, and motivation to learn. On the other hand, environmental factors likely to influence the active information-seeking behaviour have been identified to be: culture (eating habits, food beliefs, religious beliefs, loss of cultural markers regarding health care and counseling during pregnancy) and interactions with individuals from the social environment. Significant information sources consulted by primigravid women for topics regarding prenatal nutrition were as follows: the registered dietitian, mother, friends, husband, and Internet. For secundigravid women, significant information sources were as follows: the dietitian, doctor, friends and husband. A significant professional information source, both for primigravid and secundigravid women, about prenatal vitamin and mineral supplementation and pregnancy weight gain was the registered dietitian. Internet was a significant public information source from which primigravid women got information regarding prenatal nutrition-related topics. Few women reported having received, during their follow-up examinations, professional information related to food safety issues and risks of gaining too much weight during pregnancy. Overall, results presented in this thesis highlight the importance of improving communicating strategies in order to better address the information needs of low-income pregnant Maghrebian women. Results raise a number of questions with regards to improving the participation of professionals to prenatal education and their nutritional counseling. Moreover, results from this thesis suggest means to improve activity planning to better address the nutrition-related information needs of pregnant Maghrebian women during pregnancy. It would be useful for researchers to get involved in studies aimed at a better understanding of the information-seeking behaviour of expectant mothers from different cultural backgrounds regarding nutrition-related topics during pregnancy as well as the baby’s nutrition.

Malgré le rôle important joué par les comportements alimentaires durant la grossesse, et de leurs implications pour la santé de la mère et de l’enfant à naître, plusieurs études soulignent que les besoins d’informations des femmes enceintes à faible revenu ou issues de minorités ethniques n’ont pas été comblés. Le comportement de recherche d’informations de femmes enceintes immigrantes maghrébines à faible revenu sera donc abordé via le modèle d’Engel, Kollat et Blackwell. L’objectif général est l’exploration de ce comportement de recherche d’informations en lien avec des thématiques associées à leur alimentation au cours de la grossesse. La thèse propose quatre questions spécifiques de recherche visant l’exploration des facteurs d’ordre individuel et d’environnement susceptibles d’influencer une recherche active d’informations, des sources auprès desquelles des informations sont recherchées, et de la nature de l’information recueillie. Un total de 28 femmes enceintes volontaires (14 primigestes et 14 secondigestes) ont été recrutées via le Dispensaire diététique de Montréal entre les mois d’août 2010 et 2011. Des entrevues semi-structurées de 60 à 90 minutes ont été réalisées par l’étudiante au doctorat. Les données ont été soumises à une analyse de contenu via le logiciel NVivo. Des facteurs d’ordre individuel susceptibles d’influencer le comportement de recherche active d’informations furent identifiés: perspective idéologique à l’égard de la grossesse, présence de malaises de grossesse, perception du caractère contradictoire des informations reçues, perceptions liées au caractère adéquat de l’information reçue, perceptions liées au caractère suffisant de l’information détenue, variation du poids corporel, valorisation du bien-être du bébé, attitudes à l’égard de la supplémentation prénatale, valorisation d’une saine alimentation et motivation à apprendre. Des facteurs d’environnement susceptibles d’influencer le comportement de recherche active d’informations ont été identifiés: culture (habitudes alimentaires, croyances alimentaires, croyances religieuses, perte de repères culturels traditionnels quant aux soins de santé et conseils offerts durant la grossesse) et interactions avec les membres de l’environnement social. Des sources d’informations significatives en lien avec la nutrition prénatale se sont avérées être pour les primigestes: diététiste, mère, amies, mari et Internet. Pour les secondigestes, ces sources d’informations étaient: diététiste, médecin, amies et mari. Une source d’informations professionnelle significative concernant la supplémentation prénatale et le gain de poids durant la grossesse, tant pour les primigestes que secondigestes, s’est révélée être la diététiste. Peu de femmes ont rapporté avoir reçu des professionnels de l’information à propos de la salubrité alimentaire et des risques de gagner trop de poids. Les résultats soulèvent une réflexion à l’égard de l’implication des professionnels en période prénatale et quant à la révision de leurs approches de counseling nutritionnel. Les résultats amènent également à réfléchir quant à l’amélioration des activités ayant pour objectif de répondre aux besoins d’informations des femmes enceintes immigrantes maghrébines à faible revenu en lien avec des thématiques liées à l’alimentation durant la grossesse. Pour terminer, il serait utile que de futures recherches s’attardent à mieux comprendre le comportement de recherche d’informations en lien avec des thématiques associées à l’alimentation de femmes enceintes de différents horizons culturels ou de celle de l’enfant à venir. / Despite the important role played by healthy behaviours during pregnancy, and their health implications for both mother and baby, several studies have highlighted that health information needs of low-income and ethnic minority pregnant women have not been met. Thus, the information-seeking behaviour of low-income pregnant Maghrebian women has been studied in this thesis by using the Engel, Kollat and Blackwell (EKB) model. The main objective of this thesis’s research is to explore information-seeking behaviours regarding nutrition-related topics during pregnancy in order to determine whether decisional processes regarding information-seeking behaviour differ among primigravid and secundigravid women. This thesis proposes four specific research questions aiming at the exploration of individual and environmental factors likely to influence the active information-seeking behaviour, the type of information and the sources from which such information is collected. Data has been collected among 28 low-income voluntary women (14 primigravid and 14 secundigravid) mainly referred by the Montreal Diet Dispensary between August 2010 and 2011. Semi-structured interviews lasting 60 to 90 minutes were conducted by the doctoral student. Data were analyzed using content analysis with NVivo software. On one hand, individual factors likely to influence the active information-seeking behaviour have been found to be: the ideological examination of pregnancy, presence of pregnancy discomforts, perception of conflicting information from providers, perceived adequacy of received nutrition information, perceived sufficiency of information, body weight changes, recognition of the baby’s well-being, attitudes toward prenatal supplementation, importance given to healthy eating, and motivation to learn. On the other hand, environmental factors likely to influence the active information-seeking behaviour have been identified to be: culture (eating habits, food beliefs, religious beliefs, loss of cultural markers regarding health care and counseling during pregnancy) and interactions with individuals from the social environment. Significant information sources consulted by primigravid women for topics regarding prenatal nutrition were as follows: the registered dietitian, mother, friends, husband, and Internet. For secundigravid women, significant information sources were as follows: the dietitian, doctor, friends and husband. A significant professional information source, both for primigravid and secundigravid women, about prenatal vitamin and mineral supplementation and pregnancy weight gain was the registered dietitian. Internet was a significant public information source from which primigravid women got information regarding prenatal nutrition-related topics. Few women reported having received, during their follow-up examinations, professional information related to food safety issues and risks of gaining too much weight during pregnancy. Overall, results presented in this thesis highlight the importance of improving communicating strategies in order to better address the information needs of low-income pregnant Maghrebian women. Results raise a number of questions with regards to improving the participation of professionals to prenatal education and their nutritional counseling. Moreover, results from this thesis suggest means to improve activity planning to better address the nutrition-related information needs of pregnant Maghrebian women during pregnancy. It would be useful for researchers to get involved in studies aimed at a better understanding of the information-seeking behaviour of expectant mothers from different cultural backgrounds regarding nutrition-related topics during pregnancy as well as the baby’s nutrition.