Mental tumbling blocks are a problem in sports such as cheerleading where the athlete has an unexplained fear related to performing a skill that has been previously executed successfully. The current study compared participants with and without a mental tumbling block on self-report measures of anxiety and on vocal analysis data indicating if anxiety or fear is present. Participants were female cheerleaders who ranged in age from 10 to 16 years old. The Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2; Smith, Smoll, Cumming & Grossbard, 2006) and the Cheerleading Fear Inventory (CFI; modified from Cartoni, Minganti, and Zelli, 2005) were used in addition to vocal analysis measures assessing pitch and intensity. These vocal analysis measures were taken under two conditions while the cheerleader was interviewed (1) about tumbling and (2) about school. Results indicated that athletes with a mental block reported higher somatic anxiety, concentration disruption, and overall anxiety on the SAS-2 than participants who did not have a mental tumbling block. Similarly, athletes with a mental tumbling block reported higher scores on the CFI than athletes without a mental tumbling block. In addition, athletes with a mental tumbling block showed higher pitch on the vocal analysis measure than athletes without a mental tumbling regardless of interview condition. Finally, several significant correlations emerged between scores on the SAS-2, the CFI, and the vocal analysis measures. These results are discussed in terms of the existing literature, and practical suggestions are offered that may help coaches understand how to effectively handle mental blocks at practice.

Orientador: Regina Helena Garcia Martins / Resumo: Objetivo: Verificar as diferenças entre as características vocais clínicas, perceptivo-auditiva, acústica computadorizada e videolaringoscópica de mulheres obesas, antes e após a cirurgia bariátrica. Casuística e métodos: Foram compostos dois grupos: grupo de obesas (GE), com 27 mulheres candidatas à cirurgia bariátrica, de acordo com os critérios: IMC superior a 40 kg/m2 ou IMC superior a 35 kg/m2 associado a comorbidades; e grupo controle (GC), com 27 mulheres, pareadas em faixa etária, com peso ideal para a estatura, estabelecido pelo IMC. Foram realizadas avaliações vocais: clínicas (levantamento de sintomas clínicos e vocais e hábitos vocais), autoavaliação vocal (questionários de índice de desvantagem vocal – IDV e qualidade de vida e voz – QVV), perceptivo-auditiva (escala GRBASI), acústica (software MDVP) e videolaringoscopia. Todos os participantes realizaram as mesmas avaliações, sendo que no GE o protocolo foi repetido em três momentos distintos: M1 (pré-operatório), M2 (pós-operatório – 6 meses) e M3 (pós-operatório − 12 meses). Resultados: No GE, o sintoma clínico mais evidente foi o refluxo gastroesofágico (RGE) e os sintomas vocais foram: rouquidão (25,9%), pigarro (18,5%) e cansaço ao falar (18,5%). Autoavaliação vocal: os dados dos questionários não se diferenciaram entre os grupos e também não apresentaram efeito de momento, no GE. Avaliação vocal acústica: os parâmetros vocais que mais se diferiram na voz do GE foram: f0, NHR e SPI. Esses parâmetros diminuí... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Objective: To verify the differences among the clinical vocal characteristics, perceptual-auditory, computerized acoustic and videolaryngoscopy of obese women before and after bariatric surgery. Methods Two groups were included: Obese group (SG), with 27 women candidates for bariatric surgery according to criteria: BMI> 40 kg / m2 or BMI> 35 kg / m2 associated with comorbidities and Control group (CG), with 27 women, matched in age, with ideal weight for height, established by BMI. Vocal assessments (clinical and vocal symptoms survey and vocal habits), vocal selfassessment (questionnaires of the vocal handicap index - quality of life and voice - QLV), perceptual-auditory (GRBASI scale), acoustic (MDVP software) and videolaryngoscopy were performed. All participants performed the same evaluations, and in the SG the protocol was repeated in three different moments: M1 (preoperative), M2 (postoperative - six months) and M3 (postoperative 12 months). Results: The most obvious clinical symptom in the SG was gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) and vocal symptoms were: hoarseness (25.9%), phlegm (18.5%) and fatigue (18.5%). Vocal selfassessment: questionnaire data were not differentiated between groups and did not present moment effects in different moments (in the SG). Acoustic vocal evaluation: the vocal parameters that differ most in the voices of the SG were: f0, NHR and SPI. These parameters decreased significantly in M2 and M3. Perceptual-auditory evaluation: There was improvement... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Regina Helena Garcia Martins / Resumo: Objetivo: Estudar a evolução dos nódulos vocais em crianças nas diversas modalidades de tratamentos: fonoterapia, expectante e cirurgia. Casuística e métodos: Coorte longitudinal prospectivo. Foram incluídas 30 crianças (7a 12 anos) com nódulos vocais atendidas entre 2013 a 2018, avaliadas nos momentos: M1 (caso novo), M2 (retorno um ano), M3 (retorno dois anos). Parâmetros estudados: questionário de qualidade de vida em voz pediátrico (QVV-Pediátrico); videolaringoscopia; análise vocal perceptivo-auditiva (escala GRBASI), análise vocal acústica (software MDVP), cálculo do tempo máximo de fonação (TMF) e da relação s/z. Em M1, todas as crianças foram encaminhadas à fonoterapia após o diagnóstico; em M2, casos de insucesso após um ano de fonoterapia ou piora dos sintomas foram encaminhados à microcirurgia. Em M3 (após dois anos), todas as crianças foram convocadas para as reavaliações. Ao final da coleta, as crianças foram inseridas em três tipos de tratamentos: G1-fonoterapia (n-15); G2- expectante (n-7); G3-cirurgia (n-8). Resultados: houve predomínio dos meninos. Os escores QVVP, GRBASI e análise acústica apresentaram melhora nos momentos finais (M3), especialmente no grupo fonoterapia, seguido pelo grupo cirurgia. Videolaringoscopias: houve melhora completa e parcial das lesões, respectivamente, no grupo fonoterapia (86,6% e 13,3%), cirurgia (62,5% e 37,5%) e expectante (42,8% e 33%). Apenas uma criança do grupo expectante não apresentou melhora das lesões (14,28%). Conclu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Objective: To study the evolution of vocal nodules in children in the many modalities of treatment: voice therapy, expectant and surgery. Casuistry and methods: Longitudinal prospective cohort. Were included 30 children (7 to 12 years) with vocal nodules attended between 2013 to 2018, evaluated in the moments: M1 (first evaluation), M2 (follow up of one year), M3 (follow up of two years). Studied parameters: Pediatric Voice-Related Quality-of-Life (VR-QOL-P); videolaryngoscopy; perceptive-auditory vocal analysis (GRBASI scale), acoustic vocal analysis (software MDVP), maximum phonation time calculation (TMF) and of the s/z ratio. In M1, all were forwarded to voice therapy after diagnosis; in M2, unsuccessful cases after one year of voice therapy were forwarded to microsurgery. Cases of worsening of the voice or doubts in the diagnosis were forwarded to direct laryngoscopy. In M3 (after two years), all children were invited for re-evaluation and were distributed in three conduct groups: the voice therapy group (n=15); expectant group (n=7); and surgery group (n=8). Results: There has been a predominance of boys. The VR-QOL-P, GRBASI and acoustic analysis scores showed improvement in the final moments (M3), being more evident in the voice therapy group, followed by the surgery group. Videolaryngoscopy showed complete and partial improvement of the lesions, respectively, in the voice therapy group (86,6% and 13,3%), surgery (62,5% and 37,5%) and expectant (42,8% and 33%). Only t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor