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In the diploma thesis is described a term "security" within the context of actual world situation, it is also mapped water allocation in the world and made an analysis of the security situation in the Middle East in term of availability of water resources.

The main goal of this thesis is the analysis of trends of relative atmospheric humidity, absolute atmospheric humidity and water vapor pressure from years 1981-2015. Only days without precipitation were included in the input data set. The data used in the analysis comes from eight meteorological stations located in the Czech republic: Doksany, Churáňov, Kocelovice, Kostelní Myslová, Kuchařovice, Liberec, Lysá hora and Přibyslav. The statistical significance of the trends was evaluated with the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results show no clear evolution of the trends of the relative humidity. On the other hand, the trends of absolute humidity and water vapor pressure show significant rising trends in July (at six stations) and November (at seven stations). The July trends are probably caused by higher temperature during summer and the cause of the November trends might be caused by higher precipitation in autumn.

The diploma thesis is focused on evaluation of the average long-term loss of soil by water erosion in the cadastral areas of Oslavany and Padochov. To determine the erosi-on risk of agricultural land before and after proposal of anti-erosion measures, the uni-versal USLE equation according to Wischmeier and Smith was used. The programs ArcGIS, LS CONVENTER, USLE 2D and MS Excel were used to calculate individual factors. All the map documentation was created by using the program ArcGIS.

The aim of my thesis was to monitor and analyse the dynamics of soil moisture (Θ) through the gravimetric method using Kopecky's physical rollers (KFV) and the capacitance method using Theta Probe ML2x (FDR) and CS616 (TDR) sensors. The measurement took place in the cadastral areas of the village Vícemelice and Polkovice. I conducted 10 parallel measurement campaigns of KFV and Theta Probe in Vícemilice and 4 in Polkovice. CS616 sensors were located stationary in both locations throughout the whole period and provided continual time series Θ. In Vícemilice, Theta Probe undervalued by 11.4 % compared to the KFV. The CS616 undervalued by 6.5 % compared to KFV and overvalued by 3.9 % Theta Probe. In Polkovice, Theta Probe undervalued by 1 % compared to KFV. The CS616 sensors systematically overvalued compared to the other two methods. It overvalued by 40.9 % compared to KFV and by 42.1 % compared to Theta Probe. Furthermore, the overvaluation was higher with a greater depth, while it was only 11 % at the top layer. Lastly, a survey of the suction pressure of soil water in relation to Θ was conducted near Vícemilice and the results of Θ measured by CS616 sensors were compared to the values simulated by SoilClim model which is one of the tools used to monitor water supplies in soil, in particular the occurrence of drought at the national level. Based on the results obtained in the framework of the submitted thesis, it can be stated that the indirect methods, in particular the Theta Probe, have proven to be useful tools for monitoring soil moisture. Compared to the destructive method, they represent significant time savings and, due to their accuracy, they can be recommended for drought monitoring, calibration of mathematical models, satellite imaging, or testing of a variety of hypotheses related to the water balance in scientific experiments.

The diploma thesis deals with the characteristics of maize, one of the most widely grown cereals in the world. Depending on the tightening of European legislation, there is an increasing emphasis on protecting soil from water erosion. For this reason, we are looking for ways to grow widescreen crops on erosion-endangered soils. One of the possibilities is to use the technology of Strip-till, which comes from North America. The main part of the thesis is devoted to the establishment of pilot-run experiments using the Strip-Till technology, their comparison with the conventional full-scale processing and evaluation of results. Finally, the economic demands of the technologies used are calculated and the results are compared with the findings of other authors. All experiments were carried out in the cadastre of the Agricultural Cooperative in Sloupnice using its own technology. The results serve the company as a feedback on the use of Strip-Till in the erosion-threatened conditions in which the farm operates.

The diploma thesis deals with the proposal of erosion control measures in the locality „Obecní“ in the catastrade area of the city Letohrad. Evaluating the current state of the study site was carried out using fieldwork and digital data processing. Subsequently, suitable anti-erosion measures to remedy the gully was performed. One of the main outputs of the thesis is the drawing documentation together with situational drawings and maps. The main output of the diploma thesis is a design of a system of check-dams including calculations and budget. An integral part of the thesis is also the recommendation of suitable farming on the surrounding agricultural land. The set of proposed measures and recommendations will help to improve the current issue regarding erosion control measures in the study area.

Water erosion in the Czech Republic is the largest phenomenon that degrades and seriously damages agricultural areas throughout the country. It is influenced by many factors that have changed since the 1950s. Various methods are used to assess the intensity of erosion. In the Czech Republic, the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) is the most widely used equation, which is the cornerstone of the model used in this work. I quantified and localized water erosion in the Odlezel lake basin for individual scenarios of land use change using the WaTEM / SEDEM model. The results show the seriousness of water erosion in relation to landscape management, as the modeled intensity of erosion in 2018 is almost the same as in the period of collectivization. The results of modeling are confronted with changes of individual input factors, with measured data of river sediment export in the Mladotický brook and up to date knowledge about clogging of the lake basin. Key words: water erosion, modeling erosion, WaTEM/SEDEM

The thesis Variability and composition of essential oil content of selected spices (Oci-mum basillicum L., Satureja hortensis L. and Majorana hortensis Moench.) Deals with plant species of whose main ingredient is oil. There is described a process for the isola-tion of essential oils from plants, individual components of essential oils, their variability and ways of using. Selected representatives of the so called green spices belong to the mint family (Lamiaceae), whose typical feature is very high content of essential oils. In the practical part were evaluated following species: basil (Ocimum basilicum), sum-mer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and marjoram (Origanum majorana syn. Majorana hortensis). Essential oil content was determined in each type, by steam distillation and then the composition of essential oils was found by gas chromatography.