The aim of this work is to clarificate water erosion issues, which were compared by study and analysis of history in a selected area. In the literature review of this study, evolution of agriculture based on land and political ownerships is described. The next things explained in this study are erosion, its causes, repercussions and ways how to fight erossion. The chosen area was cadastral territory Bavorovice. There were used historical maps from years 1827 and 1972, which were landed by cadastral workspace in České Budějovice. For the analysis, historical maps from years 1827 and 1972 were provided by cadastral office in České Budějovice. The maps were compared with a current state after finished KoPÚ. In those maps as well as in the actual cadastral map a few land fields were selected for calculation of average soil loss per year in solved time periods. For the calculation, (of average soil loss) universal equation for average soil loss from land by Wishmaier and Smith was used, which is used. This equation is used for KoPÚ projects as well. The results were evaluated and compared in conclusion of this study.

This thesis is focused of design of small water reservoir in cadastral Senomaty-Přílepy. Aim of the proposal is to create a significant landscape element that will perform particularly water retention. Reservior will flow, connected to Kolešovicky creek, which is left hand tributary of Rakovnický stream in the river basin Berounka. Planned area of water surface at normal levels is 22,75 ha. The project includes accompanying report, technical report and drawing part.

The Diploma thesis is a project for issuance of a building permit of a small reservoir designed on the plot NO. 234/2 KN in cadastral area of Drsník. The project was drawn up at the request of the investor and according to his requirements. The purpose of the small resevoir is mainly landscape-forming and recreational but it will be use for an extensive fish farming as well. The small water reservoir is to be found on the watercourse of the brook Stržený in the Central Bohemia district approximately 8,5 km south-east of Příbram. Its area is 2457 m2 and its cubic content is 1943 m3 for the normal water level. The dam is designed as a homogenous earth one with the incline on the water side 1:3 and on the air-side 1:2 with the dam crest width 3 m. The drain system is an open runoff with two rectangular walls 2200 mm high and with runoff pipes DN 300. The safety spillway will be placed in the left dam bound and the proposed rate of flow Q100 will be proceded without an overflow of the dam crest.

This thesis handle with the ecological status of Smržovka stream, respectively handle with change of the ecological state of stream due to urbanization. Smržovka stream, concretely the right tributary of significant river Kamenice Jizerské hory Mountains rises in the Jizerské hory Mountains protected landscape area, which is almost intact due to water pollution and gradually flows through an urbanized area with a relatively high level of infrastructure and sources of pollution. For the ecological status assessment of stream were used the following three indicators: hydromorphological mapping, physico-chemical water analysis and evaluation of biological components of makrozoobenthos in terms of saprobity. The work provides information on water quality in the stream with that this unique data can be the basis for the study of other small streams that spring in urban mountainous areas.

The aim of this study is an analysis of long-term changes in numbers of 28 selected waterbird species wintering at 4 different types of wetland refuge sites (reservoirs, fishponds, industrial waters and running waters) monitored within the International Waterbird Census between 1966 and 2015. We aimed to evaluate the pattern in water type preference and determine if there is a difference in number trends of particular species at different refuge sites types and if there are any variations according to the presumable existence of density dependance at wintering refuge sites. Results showed an increasing preference in waterbirds wintering at industrial waters (sandpit and gravel lakes, industrial settling ponds) over running waters. Rather herbivorous, benthivorous and omnivorous species than pescivorous species prefer industrial waters, which is probably caused by a lower concentration of fish in industrial waters than in other water types. Waterbird species of lower count numbers and northern species showed a higher preference for wintering at reservoirs over running water sites. The preference change leads to the density dependence of wintering sites confirmation.

The aim is to assess the chemical status of a water course Chvalka in Prague before/after rain events and the effect of discharge from the Pražský okruh (Východní spojka) using laboratory analysis of water and sediment. From the results we can say that the creek Chvalka is heavily polluted by human activities before mouthing of discharge from Eastern clutch. These runoffs (except Cl) have on the physico-chemical indicators of water quality of the creek little or no influence. In contrast to the heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cr and Zn), the highest concentrations were measured just at the locations affected by runoffs from Východní spojka. Sampling and laboratory analysis of sediments were for small changes in concentration overtime and time demands made only once. Because of little data to comparison can pronounce that runoff from Východní spojka have an impact on increased concentrations of Zn and maybe even Ni.

This work makes introduction to the analysis and evaluations of the changes in land using at the selected areas of the cadastral area of the town of Most in Northern Bohemia. These areas were impacted by surface coal mining activities and subsequently were subject to the hydro recultivation proces. The analysis of the evolution of the researched areas was based on the comparison of the land using maps created from aerial photograps and the archive pictures of the areas from the years 1952, 1975, 1995, 2008 and 2013. The data for the anylysis have been obtained from ArcMap ennvironment by vectorization. The differences in the land use types used in individual years have been evaluated and recorded.

The theme of this thesis is the impact of water deficit on the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage from representatives of the Panicoideae tribe. The impact of drought on agricultural production in the environment of the Czech Republic is currently an important issue. The exceptionall dry year of 2014/2015 and the associated water deficit in the soil had an impact mainly on the harvest of wide-row crops, including maize. Representatives of the Panicoideae tribe - sorghum and foxtail millet are the most drought-resistance crops in the world. Sorghum and foxtail millet belong to II. group of cereals like maize. Sorghum and foxtail millet show lower transpiration coefficient than maize, they also tolerates less demanding growing conditions and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also compete with maize in a wide range of applications. It is therefore appropriate to determine how these crops respond to water deficit during their ontogenetic development. For the purposes of this experiment genotypes originating from conditions of temperate climate were selected, this genotypes have a shorter growing season. A short growing season is an important factor in the timing of the harvest of the late sown crops in our climate. The aim of the thesis was to determine and evaluate the impact of water deficit on the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage in selected genotypes of sorghum and foxtail millet and on the basis of the results to select genotypes with high resistance to water deficit. Based on the aims the following hypotheses were set: to determine whether there are differences in the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage between selected genotypes depending on the effect of water deficit and whether there are differences in these physiological characteristics in response to water deficit between sorghum and foxtail millet. To fulfill the objectives and evaluation the hypothesis was based on the greenhouse experiment with selected genotypes of sorghum and foxtail millet at the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology in the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. The experiment included 4 genotypes of the species Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. (Sorghum): 1216, 30485, Barnard Red and Ruzrok and one variety of the species Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. (Foxtail millet) Ruberit. A total of 4 variants were designated for the experiment (one control and three under the influence of water deficit in different times). The plants in the control variant were full irrigated throughout the experiment. Variant KS was irrigated for the first 14 days, followed by 10 days without watering and the last 4 days were again irrigated. Plants in variant SK were under the influence of water deficit for the first 10 days of the experiment, then 18 days with watering and the plants in the variant SS were without watering for the first 10 days, for the next 4 days were without watering, then the same pattern was repeated: 10 days without and 4 days with watering. Physiological characteristics were observed in plants in the developmental stages BBCH 14-16. The concentration of proline was determined by measuring the absorbance of the samples formed by the reaction with ninhydrin. Subsequently, the measured values were compared with the calibration curve. To measure the sample absorbance at 520 nm a spectrophotometer Hellios gama (Thermo) was used. Electrolyte leakage on discs made from leafs was measured with electrical conductivity meter GRYF 158 (HB Griffin, Ltd.). The obtained results show that the proline concentration increased in response to water stress, since the highest concentration of proline was detected in plants growing in the most stressed variant of SS (670.13 micrograms) compared with other variants of stress. Plants variant KS (643.85 micrograms) showed a higher accumulation than the proline in variant SK (636.69 micrograms). The highest concentration of proline was measured on a genotype in the variety of sorghum Ruzrok (642.94 micrograms). The lowest content of proline was found in the variety of sorghum 1216 (623.78 micrograms), this value was also the only significant difference from the contents of proline to other genotypes. Which at least partly confirms the proposed hypothesis that there are differences in the content of proline between genotypes. The highest electrolyte leakage cell damage was respectively exhibited in plants from the variant SS (39.56%). Plants of the SK variant showed a higher rate of cell damage (32.95%) than plants from the variant KS (29.88%). The lowest cell damage was exhibited in plants grown under control conditions, which again indicates that damage cells increases in response to water deficit. In this experiment the highest degree of cell damage was found in the variety of sorghum 1216 (29.26%) and lowest cell damage was observed in the variety of sorghum Ruzrok (27.03%). A significant different degree of cell damage appeared only in the variety foxtail millet Ruberit (28.6%), which confirms our hypothesis that there are differences in the electrolyte leakage between sorghum and foxtail millet. The hypotheses were not fully confirmed by the experiment. Nevertheless, on the basis of obtained results we conclude that the least drought-resistance genotype is the 1216 variety and the best adapted to the water deficit was the Ruzrok variety. It also confirmed that the higher proline accumulation may protect the plant against the negative effects of water deficit on the cell membranes, which is then reflected in a reduced electrolyte leakage.

Despite the ecological value of unreclaimed post-mining areas, in the Czech Republic, however, rigorous technical reclamation still prevails. Such an approach usually leads to a more uniform environment and destroys the habitat diversity of successional sites, including the variety of water bodies that are crucial habitats for many aquatic and semiaquatic species. The aim of our study was to assess the water environment and diversity of amphibians on reclaimed and unreclaimed post-mining sites and compare the offers of aquatic habitats in affected and unaffected by mininglandscape in Bohemia.

Waterbirds with their specific habitat and food requirements varying during their annual cycle (Riffell et al. 2003; Taft and Haig 2006) are able to indicate the wetland diversity and quality due to their rapid responses on changes in environment (Delany 1999; Fernández et al. 2005; Amat and Green 2010). Remarkable land cover changes and climate warming led to significant shifts in distribution and abundance of many waterbird species across Europe in recent decades (Delany et al. 2006; Fox et al. 2010; Lehikoinen et al. 2013; Pavón-Jordán et al. 2015). To understand the dynamic of migratory birds in space and time and to assess effects of global conditions as well as local conditions of individual sites during their annual cycle there is need of international monitoring and research. Since the start of International Waterbird Census in 1967 both increasing and decreasing trends have been recorded in nearly fifty percent of waterbird species in Western Palearctic (Delany et al. 2006, Wetlands International 2016) and they consequently have affected trends in particular countries, including the Czech Republic. Wetland sites in the Czech Republic are generally situated on the edge of wintering range of most waterbird species (Gilissen et al. 2002), however the prevailing increase in abundance of waterbird species has been recorded here in recent decades (Musil et al. 2011). Though, the considerable growth of winter temperatures has not been noticed in the Czech Republic (Klein Tank et al. 2002; Musilová et al. 2009; Dušek et al. 2013), and the accessibility of the wetland sites, due to their freezing, varies year to year. Hence, we can assume that waterbirds have likely began using the alternative habitats with available food resources, i.e. cold-weather refuges, probably regardless of their conservation status (Musilová et al. 2015). Special protection areas were implemented to Czech legislation in 2004 to protect migratory birds (Birds Directive 2009/147/EC). So far there has not been tested the effectivity and impact of legislative protection on wintering waterbird species. Moreover, some previous studies indicated that SPA network do not match the species distribution pattern (López-López et al. 2007; Briggs et al. 2012; Albuquerque et al. 2013), so this issue urgently calls for scientific research. The second part of the thesis focused on Greylag Geese, whose abundance has rapidly grown across the Europe in recent decades (Madsen et al. 1999; Fox et al. 2010), and that have become ideal model species to observe their responses to habitats and climate changes as well as their reactions to human disturbance (Fox and Madsen 1997; Ramo et al. 2015). This requires appropriate knowledge of geese distribution, abundance and their behaviour. Since 1930s, when the geese started to be ringed in the Czech Republic, the ringing intensity have markedly varied and have been reflected in numbers of recoveries. In last ten years the intensity have increased (Podhrazský 2010). However, complex of the historical data until 2002 (Cepák et al. 2008) and recent data have not been analysed so far. In the light of recent shifts in wintering ranges and migration phenology of many goose populations these analyses require increased attention. Furthermore, the satellite monitoring of geese is coming to detect more detailed information about behaviour of individuals.