Title: Dynamics of icy satellites with a liquid phase Author: Klára Kalousová Department: Department of Geophysics Department: Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique de Nantes Supervisors: Doc. RNDr. Ondřej Čadek, CSc. upervis ors: Dr. Gaël Choblet Abstract: Jupiter's moon Europa has a young surface with a plethora of unique terrains that indicate recent endogenic activity. Morphological models and spectral observations suggest that it possesses an internal ocean as well as shallow pockets of liquid water within its outer ice shell. Presence of water in a chemically rich environment and a longterm energy source ensured by tidal heating, make Europa one of the best candidates for habitability, for which the material exchange between the surface and the ocean is critical. In this thesis, we investigate internal melting and subsequent meltwater evolution within Europa's ice shell by using a two-phase formalism developed for this context. Results of a parametric study for a temperate ice shell indicate that the time scale of water transport by porous flow is governed by the ice permeability, while the ice viscosity affects the solution wavelength. We then consider a polythermal ice shell with two melting scenarios: (i) In a tidally-heated convecting ice shell, melting occurs mainly in its lower half and...

The theme of this thesis is a comparison of selected quality indicators of samples from single-flower honeys from the area of the Czech Republic and honeys from different retail chains. The theoretical part focuses on the characteristics of the individual kinds of honey and how different their composition is. There are described basic physical and chemical requirements for honey including sensory requirements which are specified in Regulation No.76/2003 Code. The practical part contains a physically-chemical analysis according to the Harmonized methods of European Honey and a sensory evaluation of selected single-flower honeys (honeydew, acacia, lime, sunflower and rape). There were analysed twenty samples of honey from Czech beekeepers and fifteen samples of honey bought in different retail chains in the Czech Republic. Subsequently, these parameters were monitored - water content and acidity. Next step was a test for evidence of disruption by starchy sugar and malt extracts. Then, sensory requirements such as colour, smell, taste and consistence were evaluated. The conclusion of the comparison of honey samples indicates that individual honey samples differed the most in the taste and smell criteria and in addition the samples were often disrupted by starchy sugar and malt extracts. The samples collected from the beekeepers from the area of the Czech Republic complied with Regulation No.76/2003 Code. On the contrary, the samples from the chosen retail chains in the Czech Republic weren't in accordance with the criteria specified in Regulation No.76/2003 Code.

The aim of the master thesis was to assess volume of disposable calcium in the ponds sediments and acid neutralization capacity of water, pH of water, oxygen saturation and zooplankton abundace during vegetation period. Following to the indicators was found out ponds production as well. Studies took place on 6 ponds (Byňovský, Dolní Velký, Kačák, Nakolický, Nový v Oboře, Žár) of company Fyshery New Castles s. r. o. For control was chosen pond Farský which is managed by Czech Fishing Union. Volume of disponable calcium in ponds sediments was transferred with infusion of 0,1 M H2CO3 . Volume of calcium was determined with chelatometric titration method. In 2013 the samples of sediments were collected before vegetation period. During the next season were determined samples of oxygen, ANK4,5 of water, pH of water and zooplankton which was sorted according its size (<500m and >500 m. At all monitored ponds was found out close relation between to volume of Ca2+ in pond sediment and pH of water, ACN4,5 of sediments and also with ACN4,5 of water during vegetation period. The highest average values of ACN4,5 of water were found out on pond Kačák (0,93 mmo.l-1), Žár (1,01 mmol.l-1) and Nový v Oboře (0,83 mmol.l-1), which significantly correlated with reserve of pond calium during dormancy. Was found out significant corelation between total growth of fish and coarse zooplankton. More significant relation was found out between total growth of fish and total abundance of zooplankton but between natural growth of fish and total abundance of zooplankton as well. The highest growths were found out on Ponds (Kačák, Žár), whose samples showed the biggest abundance of zooplankton from all monitored ponds and vice versa it wasn't confirmed relation between ACN4,5 of water during vegatation period and pH of water, abundance of coarse zooplankton and oxygen regime of water.

I have dealt in my thesis with biomanipulation on the water reservoir Hamry. The reservoir is located near the village Hamry in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, it is meso-eutrofního character and its size (about 42 ha of water surface) and an average depth of 2 m is ranked among the smaller, shallow tank. Biomanipulation measures are there implementation and monitored in the long term (since 2008).Biomanipulation implemented in 2015, which mainly consist of removing unwanted species of fish from the reservoir were implemented by different methods at all ontogenetic levels of fish. That means collecting eggs perch Perca fluviatilis, L., seinings of juvenile stages panktivorous species of fish, as well as seinings and elimination of adult unwanted fish species. Part of the seinings were catching spawning shoals of bream Abramis brama, L. and roach Rutilus rutilus, L. With those biomanipalition actions was carried collection and evaluation of samples of zooplankton, phytoplankton, hydrochemical analyzes and physico-chemical parameters of water. Also were investigated phosphorus content in sediments. Some of the data I obtained and evaluated actively (especially zooplankton), other data were evaluated by specialists from ÚBO AV ČR Brno, or employees of the Department of Fisheries and Hydrobiology at the Institute of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture MENDELU Brno and I have only used this data to compare the efficiency of the imlpemented biomanipulation.

Research of macroinvertebrates is currently an important part of the assessment of stream quality. Basic characteristics influencing macroinvertebrates communities in the streams are elements from the external environment influencing streams, specifically basic geographic parameters of the site, land-use in the catchment and characteristics of the banks. These elements have a considerable influence on effect of the basic parameters in the stream, which are flow, sediment structure, input of organic material and pollution. Research part of the thesis is about the parameters influencing macroinvertebrates communities. Research area of this work includes three different catchments in the upper part of Blanice catchment area near Prachtice. There is one nature stream with forest in it's catchment, stream with a predominantly meadow basin and last stream is characterized by two distinct stretches - a revitalized section and a section with concrete bottom. The subject of this diploma thesis is evaluation of diversity of macroinvertebrates communities in all streams in the research area. Thesis evaluate communities of macroinvertebrate using a wide range of indexes (BMWP score, ASTP index, EPT index a diversity indexes) and compares their diversity by using rank-abundance graph. All results are summarized...

The composition and preferences of depth levels and habitats of pelagic fingerling was studied in the canyon-shaped Vír Reservoir during years 2009-2011. The perch (Perca fluviatilis) fingerling was dominant in all three years. The density of fingerling was above the mean in years 2009 and 2010. It was as many as 278 individuals in 100m3(mean is 52 individuals in 100m3). A marked fall on 1,9 individual in 100m3 was registered in 2011. Perch fingerling was mainly observed in metalimnion during the day and also at night, where concentration of oxygen was very low. The highest density of perch fingerling was observed in the middle part within longitudinal profile. A significant difference was found in food composition among the years with high density and low density of fingerling. A predation of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and bream (Abramis brama) was proved during the years with high density of fingerling.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate water quality and runoff characteristics in the Jenínský stream catchment. For this purpose analysis and data processing was performed. Two subcatchments, called J1 and J2, were monitored at this catchment area. Period of interest involves years 2008-2012. Results were compared with the period 1983-1985 when most of the land was used as arable land. The decrease in the concentrations of all evaluated indicators was caused by grassing and reduction in the use of fertilisers. Ranges of the values of selected indicators also decreased distinctly and their concentrations are stabilized. The greatest decrease of 79% (J1) and 87% (J2) was found in average ammonium concentrations. A beneficial effect of land use change to extensive agricultural management on water quality was proven.

Drinking regime is one of the topics that is much-debated. Failure to observe the principles of correct drinking regime threatens the health of children and seniors due to lack of fluids. The problem is, first, inadequate fluid intake, but also the quality of the received beverages. One of the major problems that lead to the fact that children drink inappropriate beverages may be that the majority of elementary schools have vending machines available with an inappropriate spectrum of offered sweetened and carbonated beverages. Result of long-term regular consumption may be an increase of overweight, obesity and increased tooth decay in children. The main objective of this thesis was to explore whether pupils of second grade primary schools comply with appropriate fluid intake during class. This thesis is also focused on finding the amount and preferences of drinks that students buy in beverage machines. Other partial objective was to find out what drinks children bring from home and whether parents and educators try to influence, through education, the drinking regime during class and range of drinks that children buy in school beverage vending machines. The theoretical section summarizes basic information about water in the body, drinking regime of the different types of beverages and the consequences of inadequate or excessive fluid intake. The practical part is the processing of data obtained through quantitative research mapping problems with drinking regime of elementary school students. The thesis may serve as a source of information for both educators and parents, or the founders of educational facilities. Recommendations made at the end may, in case of interest from concerned persons, influence and improve fluid intake of pupils in primary schools.

The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of the trend of long-term time series of concentrations and losses of nutrients and their descriptions. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds were evaluated. The analysis was performed on selected catchment of large, medium and small areas. All observed catchment are located in the basin of dam Švihov. Trends were tested using non parametric methods - Mann-Kendall test, Seasonal Mann-Kendall test and Kendall's correlation coefficient . In this study there are generally described monitored cycles of nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorous. There are also characterized the factors, which effect leaching of these nutrients to water (from the catchment). The paper also outlines the progression of water quality in the Czech Republic, which was influenced by political and economic changes in Europe in the second half of the 20th century.

The goal of this work was to evaluate of water quality in natural swimming pools in Borovany and Sezimovo Ústí, to compare the differences in the results of water analyses in proper swimming water body and regenerative part, as well as to compare of both these localities. Most of results were gathered during 2016 in Borovany and during 2017 in Sezimovo Usti. Transparency, color of water, temperature, conductivity, concentration of dissolved O2, concentrations of NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, TN, PO4-P, TP, Cl, turbidity, fluorescence, chlorophyll concentration, alkalinity, zooplankton and phytoplankton composition and bacterial contamination were monitored. The results confirmed the possibility to achieve the good water quality even though the problem with phosphorus removing remains. The comparison of both site showed more efficient functioning of regenerative zone in Borovany natural swimming pool.