Thesis (M.A.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Communications, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-61).

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Les mesures de les propietats del bosó W (amplada, acoblaments i massa) permeten comprovar la validesa del Model Estàndard de les interaccions electro-febles. A més, la combinació amb les mesures dels altres paràmetres del model permet obtenir una mesura indirecta de la massa del bosó de Higgs.El programa LEP2 (1996-2000) de l'accelerador LEP al CERN ha ofert condicions sense precedents per a l'estudi de les propietats del W. Els bosons W es produeixen a LEP2 a través de la reacció e+e- Æ W+W-. 40.000 d'aquests esdeveniments han estat enregistrats entre els quatre experiments de LEP. A LEP2, la mesura més precisa de la massa del W (MW) prové de la reconstrucció cinemàtica dels productes de desintegració dels dos Ws en cada esdeveniment.El treball presentat en aquesta tesi consisteix en la mesura per reconstrucció directa a través del canal hadrònic, és a dir, fent servir aquells esdeveniments en que els dos Ws decauen en un parell de jets. Aquest canal comprèn el 46% dels esdeveniments, i té l'avantatge de que no hi ha neutrinos en l'estat final, permetent una reconstrucció cinemàtica completa.Per tal d'extreure la mesura de MW, la distribució de masses invariants que obtinguda de la reconstrucció dels esdeveniments és ajustada a les distribucions obtingudes amb Monte Carlo (MC) corresponents a diferents hipòtesis de MW. En conseqüència, qualsevol discrepància entre els esdeveniments reals i de MC es converteix en una font d'indeterminació sistemàtica en la mesura.La discrepància més rellevant en el canal hadrònic és l'originada pels anomenats efectes de QCD. El procés d'hadronització (evolució dels quarks fins al conjunt final d'hadrons) ocorre en el domini de la QCD no pertorbativa, i per tant només disposem de models fenomenològics per la seva descripció. A més, consideracions teòriques fan preveure l'aparició de dos fenòmens de connexió entre les cascades de decaïment de les dues Ws. Un té naturalesa estadística: les correlacions de Bose-Einstein entre bosons idèntics dels dos decaïments. L'altra comprèn les possibles interaccions fortes entre les cascades, i s'anomena reconnexió de color. En aquesta tesi es descriuen els models disponibles de efectes de QCD, i es calculen les indeterminacions que prediuen en la mesura de MW.De cara a reduir aquestes indeterminacions, un algoritme de jets basat en cons ha estat expressament dissenyat, i es presenta en aquesta tesi. A més de la reducció de l'error en la mesura, el nou algoritme ofereix la possibilitat de validar experimentalment els models disponibles de reconnexió de color, a través de la comparació de les mesura de MW fent servir l'algoritme estàndard i el nou.La mesura de MW amb les dades recollides per ALEPH fent servir el mètode estàndard és: MWstan = 80.504 ± 0.133 GeV. La mesura amb el nou algoritme resulta: MWcone = 80.473 ± 0.090 GeV. La comparació dels resultats és compatible amb l'absència d'efectes de connexió en MW. Un dels models més àmpliament utilitzats de reconnexió de color (SK1) conté un paràmetre lliure (kI). De la comparació dels resultats amb i sense l'algoritme de cons, es pot extreure un límit amb un 68% (95%) de nivell de confiança a kI > 8.6 (28.4). / The measurements of the properties of the W boson (width, couplings, and mass) provide a powerful check of the validity of the Standard Model of electroweak interactions. In addition, the combination with other measured parameters of the model allows performing an indirect measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson.The LEP2 programme (1996-2000) of the LEP accelerator at CERN has offered unprecedented conditions for the study of the W properties. W bosons were produced at LEP2 through e+e- Æ W+W-, and 40,000 of such events were collected between the four LEP experiments. At LEP2, the most precise measurement of the mass is based in the direct reconstruction of the decay products of the two Ws in each event.The analysis presented in this thesis consists on the measurement by direct reconstruction of the W mass through the hadronic channel, that is, using those events in which both Ws decay into a pair of jets. This channel accounts for the 46% of the events, and it has the advantage that no hard neutrinos are present in the final state, hence allowing a complete kinematical reconstruction.The invariant mass distribution obtained after the event reconstruction is fitted to those obtained from Monte Carlo (MC) samples under several W mass hypotheses. The W mass is extracted from this fit. Therefore, any discrepancy between real and MC events becomes a source of systematic uncertainty in the measurement. The most relevant of those discrepancies for the hadronic channel are the so-called QCD-effects. The hadronisation process (evolution of the initial set of quarks into the final set of hadrons) occurs in the dominium of non-perturbative QCD, and hence only phenomenological models are available. In addition, some interconnection effects between the two W decays are theoretically expected to occur. One is of statistical nature: Bose-Einstein correlations between identical bosons present in the two W decays. The second accounts simply for the possibility of strong interactions between the two cascades, and is generally called colour reconnection. In this thesis, the available MC models for QCD effects are discussed. In addition, the systematic uncertainties predicted for the W mass measurement are computed for each model.In order to reduce such systematics, a dedicate cone-jet algorithm has been designed and is presented in this thesis. The new algorithm is shown to reduce strongly the systematical uncertainty coming from QCD effects. As a by-product, the comparison of the mass measured using the standard reconstruction procedure and the new cone algorithm allows an experimental validation of the available models of reconnection effects.The measurement of the W mass using the whole sample of data collected at LEP2 with ALEPH gives MWstan = 80.504 ± 0.133 GeV. The measurement with the new cone algorithm gives MWcone = 80.473 ± 0.090 GeV. The result of the comparison of both measurements is compatible with null or small interconnection effects in MW. One of the models more generally used for colour reconnection (SK1) has a free parameter (kI). From the comparison of the standard and cone results, a 68% (95%) exclusion limit can be set at kI > 8.6 (28.4).

Under the leadership of the King Joseph II, various musical activities were flourishing in Vienna during the late 18th century. Among all, the opera buffa was one of the major forms of musical performances. During the stay in Vienna, Mozart and Theater Poet Da Ponte composed three opere buffe together, and the last one was Così fan tutte composed in 1790. Among all the opere buffe performed in Vienna from 1783 to 1791, the ratio of ensembles to arias in Così fan tutte was the highest. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to study the ensembles in this work, analyze the musical characterization of all characters, and carefully examine the dramatic meaning from the musical structure. In this thesis, there are three chapters except the preface and conclusion. The first chapter introduces the opere buffe performed in Vienna from 1783 to 1791 and describes its social meaning at the time, which provides the background as Mozart composed his opere buffe. The second chapter discusses the origin of the libretto and the influence of the Commedia dell'arte to the characteristic structure. This chapter therefore expresses its ideas more distinctly about two origins of the major play, the historical basis of six characters¡¦ temperaments, and Da Ponte¡¦s inductive composition technique. In addition, the third chapter further probes the musical intention of the ensembles in Così fan tutte. Furnishing characters in this play with vivid portraits and energetic vitality, Mozart composed this opera by innovative music language and various structure. Così fan tutte was harshly disparaged by critics in 19th century and being neglected for almost one century. Nevertheless, it was being highly recognized as moral standard was gradually dropped. It is fairly stated that Così fan tutte is a major achievement of opera buffa in late 18th century for Mozart¡¦s overflowing creativity in composing ensembles as well as his keen penetration for drama.

In today's competitive battleground, the concept of brand equity has proved to be an important source of strategic insights for marketers. This paper is starting with the B/W method developed from the analysis of over 1000 winning brands to establish a blueprint for brand growth. The winning brand achieves an outstanding place by adhering to specific laws that push purchase motive in consumers¡¦ mind. They are called growth codes. Branding is vital for Taiwan¡¦s business, no matter industry, manufacture and service, because it can create a particular value added and hold the main direction of marketing. More firms are conscious of brand marketing. A product or services with well brand equity will make consumers choose prior to rivals, called brand loyalty, reduce the marketing costs, and ultimately build a competitive advantage, such as GE, Benz, Sony. Fortunately, some Taiwan¡¦s companies gradually comprehend the brand equity can been seen an invisible asset that represent company¡¦s image, character, and core value. Just playing the role of manufacturing would generate a little bit margins than brand products do. Acer adjusts its marketing plan carefully then turns into a familiar technical brand around the world, can be a symbol in Taiwan and inspire others. Result in this study indicate that Trend from B/W method view on brand marketing. I confirm that Trend would like to be an international anti-virus service provider, on this competitive situation, being a brand-leadership position will keep their leading when viewing branding marketing is necessary. Most of all, to emphasize their distinct values closely to brand image is first step. To become absolutely a world-level software service company, such as Microsoft, Trend still continuously has space to move on, even if it leads, also decides, the anti-virus industry shape. Certainly, brand will still play the key role among the strong competition where no one does ignore the brand power. In Future, to combine innovation with marketing finely will no doubt be the grand winner. Key words: Brand marketing, Brand image, Software marketing

Univ., Diss.--Augsburg.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 312-319). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2002. / Thesis advisor: Stuart Barnett. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in English." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-182). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1946. / Bibliography: p. 90-93.

Zugl.: Berlin, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008. / Hergestellt on demand.