This master’s thesis deals with a design of a telescopic axle and evaluation of the tandem suspension frame mounted on silage wagons Pöttinger Primo and Faro while they are operating a slope. Thesis describes the whole design as well as a hydraulic system and a braking system. This part also consists of maintenance and adjusting instructions. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to a slope capacity calculation based on ISO 16231-2. Strength analysis for all the parts is done, using finite element method for various working modes.

The theoretical part of the thesis entitled "Accuracy of loading into a hanging horizontal feed wagon" deals with the historical development of feed administration of cattle and currently used trends in feeding. The diploma part also describes the basic technology of production of bulky and fodder fodder, there is also a modern technology for their distribution, characteristics and the way of loading individual components of the ration, which also includes the evaluation of loading of individual components. The thesis also deals with the choice of mixing feed wagon. The practical part is focused on the evaluation of loading accuracy into the hanging horizontal feed wagon.

The link suspension is the most prevailing suspension system for freight wagons in Central and Western Europe. The system design is simple and has existed for more than 100 years. However, still its characteristics are not fully understood. This thesis investigates the dynamic performance of freight wagons and comprises five parts: In the first part a review of freight wagon running gear is made. The different suspension systems are described and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The second part focuses on the lateral force-displacement characteristics of the link suspension. Results from stationary measurements on freight wagons and laboratory tests of the link suspension characteristics are presented. To improve the understanding of various mechanisms and phenomena in link suspension systems, a simulation model is developed. In the third part the multibody dynamic simulation model is discussed. The previous freight wagon model developed at KTH is able to explain many of the phenomena observed in tests. In some cases, however, simulated and measured running behaviour differ. Therefore, a new simulation model is presented and validated against on-track test results. The performance of standard two-axle freight wagons is investigated. The most important parameters for the running behaviour of the vehicle are the suspension characteristics. The variation in characteristics between different wagons is large due to geometrical tolerances of the components, wear, corrosion, moisture or other lubrication. The influence of the variation in suspension characteristics and other parameters on the behaviour of the wagon, on tangent track and in curves, is discussed. Finally, suggestions for improvements of the system are made. A majority of the traffic related track deterioration cost originates from freight traffic. With heavier and faster freight trains the maintenance cost is likely to increase. In the fourth part the possibility to improve ride comfort and reduce track forces on standard freight wagons with link suspension is discussed. The variation of characteristics in link suspension running gear is considerable and unfavourable conditions leading to hunting are likely to occur. Supported by on-track tests and multibody dynamic simulations, it is concluded that the running behaviour of two-axled wagons with UIC double-link suspension as well as wagons with link suspension bogies (G-type) can be improved when the running gear are equipped with supplementary hydraulic dampers. Finally in the fifth part the effects of different types of running gear and operational conditions on the track deterioration marginal cost — in terms of settlement in the ballast, component fatigue, wear and RCF — is investigated. Considerable differences in track deterioration cost per produced ton-km for the different types of running gear are observed. Axle load is an important parameter for settlement and component fatigue. Also the height of centre of gravity has significant influence on track deterioration, especially on track sections with high cant deficiency or cant excess. / QC 20100802

In my dissertation I use mathematical simulation of the transport situation for proposal the optimal routing between suppliers and customers. Target of my work is to propose optimal wagon stock.

For the last 200 years, 6 wagons of the same Celtic inspired wagon type have been found in Denmark: two in a bog, two in a grave each, and two in a house each. This wagon type is called the Dejbjerg wagons, named after the two most known wagons in the category; the ones found in the bog called Præstegårdmose in Dejbjerg, Denmark. The purpose of the essay is to study the Dejbjerg wagons and their relation to the four-wheeled wagons of the Celtic Europe, the contacts between Denmark and Central Europe, and examine what the purpose, or rather the use, of the wagons’ deposition was – if they even had any. To be able to do this, action-based ritual theory – a theory popularised by Catherine Bell – has been used. The essay is concluded in that the way the wagons have been deposited must have meant something for the prehistoric Danish people, and the motifs and ornaments seen on the Danish wagons have a clear Celtic influence, which leads to the conclusion that the prehistoric Danish people must have had contacts in one way or another with the Celts.

Projektet utfördes i samarbete med Södertälje sjukhus och målet är att komma på en tillverkningsbar ram för en flakspark cykel och postvagn. Arbetet består av 4 olika faser vilka var problemanalys, faktainsamling, konceptframtagning och sammanställning av rapporten. I problemanalys fasen utfördes ett studiebesök hos Södertälje sjukhus med syfte mot att identifiera problemet. Vidare har faktainsamling genomförts i form av besök hos olika sjukhus i Sverige för att undersöka så många lösningar som möjlig. På konceptframtagning har ett antal ingenjörsverktyg använts som olika CAD modelleringar, analyser, matriser och flera metoder för att komma till den perfekta lösningen för sjukhuset. Slutligen har hela arbetet dokumenterats och resultatet redovisats. Projektens huvudproblem var att den befintliga postvagnen var för tung och svårt att manövrera på Södertälje sjukhus. Rapporten innehåller även en hel del rekommendationer, detta för att kunna ge flera alternativ på olika framtida lösningar och som troligtvis är mer tillverkningsbara. Slutresultatet omfattar en tillverkningsbar postvagn och ram, som är mer anpassat än den befintliga. Den har lätt vikt och är lättare att manövrera. Ramen kommer att kunna monteras på den befintliga monarksflaksparkcykel. / The project was carried out in cooperation with Sodertalje Hospital, whose goal is to make a manufactural framework for a flatbed scooter and post- cart. The work consists of 4 different phases which were problem analysis, faculty gathering, conceptual design and compilation of the report. In the problem analysis phase, a study visit was conducted at Sodertalje Hospital with a view to identifying the problem. In addition, faculty gathering has been conducted in the form of visits to various hospitals in Sweden to investigate as many solutions as possible. On conceptual design, several of engineering tools have been used as CAD modeling, analysis and matrices with several methods to reach the perfect solution for the hospital. During the last phase, the entire work has been documented and a final result has been reported. The main problem of the project was that the existing post-cart was too heavy and difficult to maneuver at Sodertalje hospital The report also contains a whole lot of recommendations, this in order to provide several alternatives to different future solutions and is likely to be more manufactured. The end result includes a manufactural post-cart and frame, which is more adapted than the existing one. It has light weight and is easier to maneuver. The frame will be able to be mounted on the existing Monark flatbed scooter.

The rate at which a railway track deteriorates depends on the response of the track under different static and repeated dynamic forces. These wheel/rail forces lead to imperfections in the rail surface and deviation in track geometry alignment. The wheel/rail forces are dependent upon the quality of maintenance of the characteristics of both train and track. If train components such as wheelsets and suspensions are maintained to a high standard, less dynamic forces are generated at the wheel/rail interface and less damage is caused over time. Therefore, the amount and cost of maintenance of track are reduced. However, there is little known about how the characteristics of train components affect time-dependent track degradation. Track degradation through deviation of track from its ideal position has the most effect on maintenance costs. Therefore, the present research aims to investigate this track degradation and improve understanding of the effects of train characteristics (such as train mass and speed, suspension stiffness and damping) on railway tracks. The research is conducted by looking into the relationship between wheel/rail forces and track degradation on one hand and between wheel/rail forces and train characteristics on the other hand, with the objective of assisting in managing vehicle/track interaction in order to minimise track degradation. This aim is achieved by investigating the above two relationships to attain the desired relationship between track degradation and train characteristics. The research focuses on wheel/rail vertical forces (both amplitudes and frequencies), vertical track alignment (longitudinal vertical profile), and rail head defects. The study started by collecting wheel/rail vertical forces data in addition to data on vertical track degradation under sustained traffic loads on a heavy haul railway section of track in Central Queensland. Also, five years of degradation and maintenance history data were collected on three other test sections of railway track under variety of traffic conditions and loads in Central Queensland. There were four main analyses of this data employed to probe the study. The first analysis was performed by examining the track degradation history data. The standard deviation method was used in this first analysis to acquire the rate of deterioration in terms of its relationship to track profile (roughness). The second analysis was accomplished by correlating the vertical wheel/rail forces to both vertical track profile and rail roughness using signal processing principles and a function know as coherence. The third analysis was carried out by using the computer simulation software NUCARS to obtain the link between wheel/rail forces and the deterioration of the vertical track profile. The fourth analysis was achieved by combining the results obtained from the above three analyses to acquire the rate of track deterioration in terms of its relationship to varying train characteristics. The first analysis mentioned above quantified the relationship between the level of roughness of the track and rate at which that roughness deteriorated. An important outcome of this relationship is that there is a threshold of roughness below which track deterioration is minimal. The track maintenance planners can now use that threshold for cost effective targeting of tamping activities. The correlation study between track roughness and wheel/rail forces using the coherence function found, surprisingly, that the overall deterioration of the track roughness, in the absence of frequencies of forces above 30 Hz, is due to the so-called quasi-static lower frequency oscillations of dynamic forces. This conclusion together with the relationship between vehicle characteristics and track forces, established in the analyses above, has significant implications for the design of wagon bogies and for charges track owners might levy on trains using their tracks. This research is part of a larger Rail CRC project 11/4 called 'Enhancing the Optimisation of Maintenance/Renewal' being carried out in the School of Urban Development in Queensland University of Technology.

AFRIKAANS : Die Simboliese Ossewatrek wat op 8 Augustus 1938 by die Van Riebeeck-standbeeld in Kaapstad begin het en op 16 Desember 1938 met die hoeksteenlegging van die Voortrekkermonument in Pretoria geëindig het, het tydens die honderdjarige herdenking van die Groot Trek grootliks tot die oplewing van Afrikanernasionalisme en Afrikaneridentiteitsvorming bygedra. Tydens die Voortrekkereeufeesvieringe in 1938 het die waens na beraming by meer as vyfhonderd dorpe en plekke aangedoen waar entoesiasties feesgevier is met historiese optogte en opvoerings, kerkdienste, toesprake en feesredes en die lê van ’n klipstapel of die onthulling van ’n monument of gedenkteken wat spesiaal vir die geleentheid opgerig is. Die doel van die studie was om eerstens ’n gedetailleerde databasis saam te stel oor die minder bekende monumente en gedenktekens wat in 1938 dwarsoor Suid-Afrika opgerig is en om hulle sover moontlik behoorlik te dokumenteer. Tweedens is die relevansie, kulturele betekenis en bewaring van die tasbare onverskuifbare erfenis in ’n post-apartheid Suid-Afrika geëvalueer en bespreek. ENGLISH : The symbolic ox-wagon trek that started on 8 August 1938 at the Van Riebeeck statue in Cape Town and ended with the foundation stone laying of the Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria on 16 December 1938, contributed to the revival of Afrikaner Nationalism and the forming of an Afrikaner identity. During the Voortrekker Centenary celebrations in 1938 the wagons visited more than five hundred towns where the inhabitants enthusiastically celebrated the event with historical pageants and processions, church services, speeches and usually stone cairns were layed or a monument or memorial was unveiled to commemorate the occasion. The main aim of this study was to compile a detailed database about these often unknown monuments and memorials that were erected all over South Africa in 1938 and to document them as far as possible. The second aim was to evaluate and discuss the relevance, cultural significance and preservation of these unmovable heritage structures in a post-apartheid South Africa. / Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

This diploma work deal with proposition of insurance portfolio for chosen bussines subjekt. In contains risk analysis and insurance portfolio proposition for pourposes of niminizing significant risk of the company by means of commercial insurance companies, so the risk jeopardizes the business activities of the company.