This study attempts to measure the ability, the effort and the educational program of Washington County. It also recommends an educational program based upon the ability of the county to finance it.

The Upper Eocene Cowlitz Formation is exposed in surface outcrops southwest of the town of Vernonia, in Columbia County, Oregon. The Cowlitz Formation also occurs in the subsurface of the Mist gas field where its Clark and Wilson (C and W) sandstone member (informal) acts as a natural gas reservoir, and its upper Cowlitz mudstone member (informal) acts as a cap rock. Surface exposures and continuous core were studied in order to determine Cowlitz Formation stratigraphy, and its depositional environment. Fresh core samples were also studied petrographically, and with a scanning electron microscope, in order to determine the effects of diagenesis in the gas producing C and W sandstone member.

This Washington County, Tennessee map includes geographic features including streams and mountain peaks, as well man made features such as highways, railroads, communities, and cemeteries. While the publication date is not included, it was received by the Documents, Law and Maps Department in 1986. However, due to the spelling of a few of the landmarks, the actual publication likely predates 1983. Some points of interest include the Veteran's Administration Mountain Home which is now the site of the Quillen College of Medicine and White Rock Ridge located where Buffalo Mountain Park would be established a decade later in 1994. Physical copy resides in the Government Information, Law and Maps Department of East Tennessee State University’s Sherrod Library. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1007/thumbnail.jpg

General highway map of Washington County, Tennessee prepared by the Tennessee Department of Transportation, Bureau of Planning and Development-Planning Division in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Field data obtained in 1977. Field Examination made in 1984. The road names shown on this map were approved by the Washington County Commission in 1985. Legend denotes multiple categories including dwellings and businesses as well as county infrastructure. Several insets of specific communities and areas of interest are included. Lines of longitude and latitude are listed along the outside border. Physical copy resides in the Government Information, Law and Maps Department of East Tennessee State University’s Sherrod Library. Scale for general map - 1/2" = 1 mile Scale for insets - 1" = 0.3 mile / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1039/thumbnail.jpg

General highway map of Washington County, Tennessee published in 1954 by the Tennessee State Highway Department, Division of Traffic & Finance Studies in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Public Roads. Field data obtained in 1953. Field Examination made in 1954. Legend denotes multiple categories including dwellings and businesses as well as county infrastructure. Several insets of specific communities and areas of interest are included. Population statistics can be found on the bottom edge as well as on the map itself. Some handwritten revisions were added in pencil at an indeterminate time post publication. Physical copy resides in the Government Information, Law and Maps Department of East Tennessee State University’s Sherrod Library. Scale - 1"= 1 mile / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1045/thumbnail.jpg

General highway map of Washington County, Tennessee prepared by the Tennessee Department of Transportation, Bureau of Planning and Development-Planning Division in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Field data obtained in 1977. Field Examination made in 1984. The road names shown on this map were approved by the Washington County Commission in 1985. Legend denotes multiple categories including dwellings and businesses as well as county infrastructure. Several insets of specific communities and areas of interest are included. Lines of longitude and latitude are listed along the outside border. Physical copy resides in the Government Information, Law and Maps Department of East Tennessee State University’s Sherrod Library. Scale - 1" = 1 mile / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1046/thumbnail.jpg

General highway map for Washington County, Tennessee created May 13, 1996 by Johnson City GIS. Schools and place names are located along the right edge. A transportation key denoting types of highways and railroads can be found on the lower portion of the map. Jonesborough inset is also included. A county and Jonesborough road index is included along the bottom edge. Physical copy resides with Johnson City, Geographic Information Systems Division. Scale - 1" = 1 mile / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1067/thumbnail.jpg

General highway map for Washington County, Tennessee created December 12, 2002 by Johnson City GIS. Place/neighborhood names are located along the bottom right corner. A transportation key denoting types of highways and railroads can be found on the lower portion of the map. A county road index is included along the left edge. Physical copy resides with Johnson City, Geographic Information Systems Division. Scale - 1" = 4000' / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1068/thumbnail.jpg

Pretrial release (PTR) is the permanent or temporary freedom from incarceration for criminal defendants awaiting adjudication of their cases in court. From Anglo Saxon times in England, people accused of non-capital crimes were generally permitted to remain free until judicial officials could hear the charges against them. In America, pretrial release has been advocated by the courts since the colonial era. The U. S. Constitution requires that bail not be excessive, but leaves governments free to decide how bail laws are administered. The study briefly traces the historical developments of PTR up to the present time. The study then centers on the PTR process of three Oregon counties (Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill) and observes the decisions of judges, release assistance officers, and jailers in relation to the release outcomes for a study group (N=619) who were booked into jails of the three counties in 1993. Background data on defendants in the study include gender, race, the crimes for which they were arrested, criminal history, and the disposition of the current charges. Seventy-one percent of the defendants received PTR. Significant factors in the release outcome, as shown by logistic and multiple regression analyses, were probation violation status, felony in the current charge, narcotics offenses in the current charge, and charged with multiple offenses. Gender and race were not strong influences on the release outcome. Hispanic defendants (N = 108) in the study, however, were detained in jail longer than Whites (N=394). Hispanics were less likely than Whites to be released on the same day of arrest and served generally longer jail terms than Whites under similar sentences. Possible explanations are that Hispanics were more frequently charged with distributing narcotics and charged with multiple offenses. Implications suggest further studies on minorities in judicial and corrections settings. The study has applications in judicial and corrections policies on the early release of inmates, an important issue as jails become increasingly overcrowded.

This study investigates the relationship between channel complexity and nutrient spiraling along 31 reaches of an urbanized watershed in Portland, Oregon. Much research shows that urbanization has an effect on watershed hydrology and nutrient loading at the watershed scale for various sized catchments. However, the flux of nutrients over short reaches within a stream channel has been less studied because of the effort and costs associated with fieldwork and subsequent laboratory analysis of the surface water samples. In this study I measure channel complexity and uptake velocity of nitrate to determine if this relationship is indicative of a healthy, functioning stream. I take field measurements and samples to determine the complexity and uptake velocity of each reach. Using ion-selective electrodes, the fluxes of nitrate were measured within each reach; when combined with channel geometry and velocity measurements these measurements allow for the transformation of nitrate fluxes into spiraling metrics. Results show that 18 of the 31 reaches had uptake velocity. Discharge and sinuosity were positively correlated with nitrate uptake velocity. Complexity and nitrate concentration were negatively correlated with nitrate uptake velocity. Grass landcover was positively correlated with nitrate uptake velocity and negatively correlated with nitrate concentration. These results indicate that land use and channel complexity both are related to the in-stream processing of nitrate. The implication of this study is that channel complexity is an important driver of nutrient flux in an urban watershed, and that this technique can be applied in future studies to better characterize water quality of stream channels over short reaches to entire catchments.