This thesis deals with the market for secondary raw materials. First, basic terms are explained together with the close analysis of different interpretation of the term "waste" and "secondary raw material", next "recycling". Then general principles of the functioning of markets are applied to the issue of secondary raw materials. It is discussed if theoretical knowledges described below follow the reality of markets in which commodities produced from the solid waste are traded. After that structure of the market is analysed from the mikroeconomic perspective. The objective of the qualitative research was to determine the impacts of the crises on the regional market.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:18:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo1.pdf: 694559 bytes, checksum: d1e8b7ba2c1b0f48eddcae4cfcda9a85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this project is to study how the solid waste management market in the city of Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, is being turned into a business opportunity. Within the current social and institutional context of Brazil, we consider the case study of Novociclo Ambiental S.A., a local company pioneering the adoption of the zero-waste model. The literature review covered global concepts and studies on economic sociology, entrepreneurship, and the waste management market. We were able to distinguish the company, study the relationship between several stakeholders and the company, identify political and government factors that have influenced the decisions and objectives of the company, and get an overview of the opportunity found and explored by the entrepreneur in question. We adopted an explanatory and descriptive approach in this study. We developed a specific case study using literature review and semi-structured interviews based on Sahlman s (1996) people context deal opportunity (PCDO) methodology. From the results, we identified factors that influence the entrepreneur in his decision making and attitude while steering the company and positioning it in the market. The profile of the majority shareholder of Novociclo was largely determined by considering the influence of the family and its business network. In market terms, the factors directly impacting the development of the zero-waste model in Florianópolis are the failure of the existing waste management system, pressure from the media and the citizens, and the national policy on solid waste. This study aims to provide support and a foundation to further research on waste management to show that different methods may yield better results than current models / O presente trabalho visa à compreensão de como o mercado de coleta de resíduos sólidos na cidade de Florianópolis/SC Brasil está se constituindo em uma oportunidade de negócios, no atual contexto social e institucional brasileiro, a partir do estudo de caso da empresa Novociclo Ambiental S.A., pioneira na cidade, pela adoção do modelo Lixo Zero. Como apoio teórico buscou-se na literatura nacional e internacional conceitos e estudos sobre Sociologia Econômica, Empreendedorismo com foco na identificação e exploração de Oportunidades e Mercado de Resíduos. Desta maneira, tornou-se possível a caracterização da empresa, o estudo das relações entre os diversos stakeholders e a empresa, identificar fatores políticos e governamentais que influenciaram as decisões e focos da empresa e caracterizar a oportunidade encontrada e explorada pelo empreendedor em questão. Por intermédio de uma abordagem exploratória e descritiva de pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso particular que contém, como técnica de pesquisa, análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas sob a análise baseada na metodologia PCDO criada por Sahlman em 1996. Os resultados mostram os fatores que influenciam a figura do empreendedor nas suas tomadas de decisão e a postura ao comandar a empresa e posicioná-la no mercado. A influência da família e da sua rede de negócios foi determinante na montagem do perfil empreendedor do empresário sócio majoritário da Novociclo. Em termos mercadológicos, os resultados identificam que a inoperância do sistema vigente de gestão de resíduos em Florianópolis, as pressões de mídia e dos cidadãos e a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, impactam diretamente no desenvolvimento do mercado Lixo Zero na cidade. A pesquisa visou descobrir justamente onde que esta empresa está se fortalecendo e como ela está agindo para tal. Concluiu-se que o mercado do Lixo Zero em Florianópolis está sendo construído a partir de influências políticas, espaços deixados pelos controladores deste mercado e aumento da visibilidade da questão dos resíduos. Com este estudo, espera-se dar suporte e base para que se concretizem mais pesquisas que tenham como foco o mercado de resíduos, ajudando a caracterizar e mostrar que uma gestão diferenciada pode gerar melhores resultados do que os modelos atuais

Illegal waste management has become a growing problem in Sweden, where criminal actors exploit weaknesses in supervision and the legal system to generate significant economic gains. This illegal waste management not only impacts the environment but also imposes costs on society, where municipalities and taxpayers often bear the expenses for cleaning up and restoring contaminated land. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and analyse the economic and institutional factors behind illegal waste management. The study aims to identify how market characteristics, along with institutional conditions, enable the occurrence of illegal waste management. By highlighting these aspects, the thesis intends to contribute knowledge that can support the development of more effective policies and strategies for sustainable waste management. Furthermore, a qualitative method has been chosen for this study, where five semi-structured interviews were conducted digitally. A thematic analysis has been used to identify and analyse patterns in the data. The thesis identifies several interrelated factors that enable illegal waste management: high transaction costs, asymmetric information, negative externalities, moral hazard, and opportunism. Understanding how these factors interact is crucial to developing effective measures. Current regulations and oversight are inadequate due to a lack of resources, leading to a low risk of detection. This, combined with lenient penalties, fails to deter illegal waste management, indicating a need for stronger institutional frameworks and more effective oversight mechanisms. Combating illegal waste management requires a combination of measures, including increased cooperation between authorities, improved supervision, adjusted incentive structures, and increased awareness. / Illegal avfallshantering har blivit ett växande problem i Sverige, där kriminella aktörer utnyttjar brister i tillsyn och rättssystem för att generera betydande ekonomiska vinster. Den illegala avfallshanteringen påverkar inte bara miljön utan medför även kostnader för samhället, där kommunerna och skattebetalarna ofta får stå för sanering och återställande av förorenad mark. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka och analysera de ekonomiska och institutionella faktorerna bakom illegal avfallshantering. Studien syftar till att identifiera hur marknadens egenskaper, tillsammans med institutionella förhållanden, möjliggör förekomsten av illegal avfallshantering. Genom att belysa dessa aspekter avser uppsatsen att bidra med kunskap som kan stödja utformningen av mer effektiva policyer och strategier för hållbar avfallshantering. Vidare har en kvalitativ metod valts för studien, där fem semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes digitalt. För att identifiera och analysera mönster i datamaterialet användes en tematisk analys. Uppsatsen identifierar flera samverkande faktorer som möjliggör illegal avfallshantering: höga transaktionskostnader, asymmetrisk information, negativa externa effekter, moral hazard och opportunism. Att förstå hur dessa faktorer samverkar är avgörande för att effektiva åtgärder ska kunna utvecklas. Nuvarande regleringar och tillsyn är otillräckliga på grund av bristande resurser, vilket leder till låg upptäcktsrisk. Detta i kombination med låga straff, avskräcker inte illegal avfallshantering, vilket indikerar ett behov av starkare institutionella ramar och effektivare tillsynsmekanismer. För att bekämpa illegal avfallshantering krävs en kombination av åtgärder, inklusive ökad myndighetssamverkan, förstärkt tillsyn, justerade incitamentsstrukturer och ökad medvetenhet.