With a population of over 13 million, Istanbul is one of the biggest city in Europe. The possible increase of population in the future may bring serious problems of water supply after a few decades. Therefore, it is crucial to look for good solutions to problems and potential challenges in water supply and water demand. This paper intended to investigate the currently existing problems in water and wastewater management practices in Istanbul from a supply-demand-reuse perspective; and to look for possible opportunities for a future improvement in order to achieve a sustainable urban water management system in Istanbul by promoting its wastewater management system. In this paper, two interviews of professionals, and a survey in Istanbul city area were conducted for obtaining gather primary data. Analysis of relative literatures is applied for grasping an accurate picture of water and wastewater management in Istanbul. According to the study, authorities are making great efforts to meet the ever increasing demand for water. From a supply-demand-reuse management perspective, Istanbul is still at the stage of supply management with sufficient wastewater treatment. However, there is not much sign of a demand management model, as inadequate effort has been devoted to controlling the increase of water demand. Although reuse management may still be a distant goal for Istanbul to achieve, a good preparation can be started by promoting and further improving the current wastewater management system, as wastewater reuse, if properly managed, will be the best solution that will lead to achieving long-term benefits.

Det hydrologiska systemet i Dannemorasjöns avrinningsområde, beläget i norra Uppland, är mycket komplicerat och har förändrats genom åren på grund av mänskliga ingrepp. De naturliga sjöarna i området har vid flera tillfällen utsatts för stora sänkningsföretag, vars främsta syfte var att förhindra läckage till gruvan i Dannemora. Sjöarna har under lång tid använts som recipienter för samhällena och industrierna i Dannemora och Österbybruk. I området finns det flera dammar som användes som magasin för kraftproduktion till gruvan och järnhanteringen. Flera av dammarna skapades redan på 1600-talet. Syrgassituationen i Dannemorasjöns avrinningsområde är på många håll ansträngd och problemen har särskilt uppmärksammats för Dannemorasjön, Harvikadammen och Sundbroån men även andra sjöar i området är drabbade. Målsättningen med denna rapport är att kartlägga hydrologin i Dannemorasjöns tillrinningsområde, sammanställa fakta om dammar, vattendomar och genomförda vattenföretag, samt utarbeta ett förslag på förändring av flödesregimen och vattendragens utformning för att förbättra syrgasförhållandena i Dannemorasjön. För att kunna se hur en förändrad flödesregim påverkar syrgasförhållandena i Dannemorasjön har en flödesmodell upprättats för sjöns tillrinningsområde. Huvudsakliga indata har varit observerad specifik avrinning från Vattholma, strax nedströms Dannemorasjön. Till flödesmodellen har en modell som simulerar syrgashalten i Dannemorasjön vintertid kopplats. Simuleringsresultaten visar att en förändrad flödesreglering vintertid kan förbättra syrgassituationen i Dannemorasjön. För att denna regleringsstrategi ska bli effektiv krävs dock större magasineringskapacitet i dammarna eller tillskott av vatten genom t.ex. pumpning. Det framgår även från simuleringsresultaten att en vattenståndshöjning i sjön skulle gagna syrgassituationen under senvintern, dels p.g.a. en ökad total mängd syrgas i sjön vid isläggningen, dels genom en minskad syretäring per volymsenhet. Under vintrar med en lång isperiod samt liten tillrinning blir syrgasförhållandena i sjön extra kritiska. Sådana säsonger räcker det inte med en enskild åtgärd utan det krävs flera samordnade åtgärder för att skapa en acceptabel syrgassituation i sjön. / The hydrological system in the catchment area of Lake Dannemorasjön, in the northern part of Uppland, is very complicated and has been changed many times by human activities. The water level of many lakes in the area has been lowered at several occasions. Most of these operations have been made in order to prevent leakage from Lake Gruvsjön to the mine in Dannemora. Already in the 17th century many of the wetlands were dammed up to be used as water storage for water power production. The power was needed for the mine and iron production in the area. Many lakes have also for a long time been used as recipients for waste water. The oxygen content in the lakes and rivers in the area has frequently been reported as very low, especially in Lake Dannemorasjön, Lake Harvikadammen and the River Sundbroån. The aim of this study is to describe the hydrology in the catchment area of Lake Dannemorasjön, compile facts about the regulated spillways of the reservoirs and water regulation vertictsand to work out a plan for changing the water regime in order to increase the oxygen content in Lake Dannemorasjön during winter. A model that simulates the flow of water within the catchment and to Lake Dannemorasjön was developed. Another model that simulates the oxygen content in Lake Dannemorasjön during ice covered conditions was attached to the waterflow model. The results from the model show that a change in the regulation of the flow to Lake Dannemorasjön can increase the oxygen content in the lake. A prerequisite for the new regulation to be effective is that the storage capacity of Lake Harvikadammen is increased or that additional water is supplied to the dam, for instance by pumping water from Lake Dannemorasjön. It is also clear from the study that a raised water level of the lake would affect the oxygen content in a positive way. The oxygen problem becomes particularly serious during cold Winters with a long lasting ice cover. During such Winters it is not enough with just one measure to prevent oxygen deficit, several different kinds of measures must be undertaken in order to make sure that the oxygen content stays at a reasonably level.

Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / The aim of the study was to examine the challenges of water supply management in Umdoni Local Municipality. Two methods were employed to collect data in the study. The first method involved one-on-one interviews with the participants. An interview guide was used to obtain data pertaining water supply services from a water services manager, a municipal manager and ten (10) ward councillors. The second method entailed analysis of documents within the municipality. In this study findings were based on issues such as prioritization of effective water supply for Umdoni Local Municipality, community consultation and participation, addressing capacity constrains in the Municipality such as human resources, water service infrastructure and skills development. The underlying causes of the water supply problems are based on the basic infrastructure, provision of water supply being very poor and dismal across the area. Water serves as a basic need to which everybody has the right to access, however, water supply is unfortunately disrupted by many factors. The findings in this study shows that poor water supply emanates from many factors such as management skills, technical challenges and illegal connections. This study recommends that Umdoni Local Municipality has additions of water plants, building of new reservoirs and upgrades of water pipes, especially in Amahlongwa area as it needs urgent attention.

Actualmente, el planeta está sufriendo cambios climáticos debido a los gases del efecto invernadero; dentro de estos el más importante es el CO2, consecuencia del impacto ambiental que generan las industrias, y las diferentes actividades cotidianas que realizan los habitantes. En el Perú durante los últimos años las emisiones de CO2 se han incrementado con mayor aceleración. Dentro de tal contexto, el sector de la construcción es de los que más contaminación genera debido a la diversidad de materiales que utiliza para la preparación de concreto, además de los agregados que se extrae de la naturaleza. Justamente para lidiar con la contaminación y con el déficit de viviendas, cada vez se construyen más edificios teniendo en cuenta el factor ambiental. Sin embargo, actualmente existen gran cantidad de edificios que generan toneladas de CO2. Por tal motivo, este estudio se centra en el desarrollo de un plan de mejora basado en recomendaciones EDGE; certificadora de edificios sostenibles en el mercado inmobiliario peruano en la gestión de agua y energía; para que los habitantes de edificios multifamiliares existentes gestionen el uso agua y energía de manera eficaz, que posteriormente se traduce en menor emisión de CO2. Se aplicó el plan de mejora a un edificio multifamiliar de cinco pisos perteneciente al condominio Héroes de San Juan y Miraflores, en el que se evidenció una reducción del 30.22% en el consumo de agua, 23.95% en el consumo de energía, y como consecuencia una reducción en la emisión de CO2 de un 24%. / Currently, the planet is undergoing climatic changes due to greenhouse gases; within them, the most important is CO2. This is a consequence of the environmental impact generated by industries, and various daily activities carried out by inhabitants. Precisely, something similar happens in Peru, in recent years CO2 emissions have increased with greater acceleration. Within this context, construction sector is one of those that generates most pollution due to the diversity of materials it uses for the preparation of concrete, including cement, a very polluting input, in addition to the aggregates that are extracted from nature. Just to deal with pollution and housing deficits, more and more buildings are being built taking into account the environmental factor. However, there are currently a large number of buildings that generate tons of CO2. For this reason, this study focuses on the development of an improvement plan based on EDGE recommendations; certifier of sustainable buildings in the Peruvian real estate market in water and energy management; so that residents of existing multi-family buildings manage water and energy use effectively, which subsequently translates into lower CO2 emissions. The improvement plan was applied to a five-story multifamily building belonging to the Héroes de San Juan y Miraflores condominium, in which a reduction of 30.22% in water consumption, 23.95% in energy consumption, and as a consequence a reduction in CO2 emissions of 24%. / Tesis

Theme of the work is a water management analysis of the Hanušovice reservoir on the river Morava/Krupá. In the framework will be make to calculating of the active capacity and retention capacity thinking reservoir. Software HYDROG and UNCE_RESERVOIR will be used, which calculating analysis reservoir. Target of the work is analysis impact uncertainties to active and retention capacity of reservoir, which is conduction on actually hydrologic conditions in river basin a actual lay requisition national company Povodí Moravy.

The diploma thesis is focused on sanitation installation in the hotel. The theoretical part deals with the possibilities of rain water treatment, especially swallowing equipment. The calculation and design part solves the sewage system and water supply in the given building.

The aim of this thesis is water management analysis of the protective function of the Ryhtářov water reservoir on the Velká Haná. Thesis contains hydrological model of the basin wich is compile in HEC-HMS program. According to this model are derive flood waves PV 100, PV 1000 a PV 10 000. Within of the protective function are designed outlets and spillway. The protective function is compile in HEC-HMS program, where calculations of transformation of derived flood waves are performed. The solution provides two different variants. These variants are compared at the work.

The thesis is about exploitation of groundwater in the Neolithic, Eneolithic and Bronze age in the Central Europe. Important part of work is catalog gathering findings of wells to the year 2016. All gathered data from literature are applied to the database and evaluated. Findings, evalution of structure and environment are followed up. The table of the most common types of construction is also done. Interpretation of finds is final part of work. The part of work are also map data and illustrated appendix. Key words: Central Europe; Neolithic; Eneolithic; Bronze Age; water management; water use; well; groundwater

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, eine simulationsbasierte Untersuchung des Betriebs eines PEM-Brennstoffzellensystems mit besonderem Fokus auf den Wasserhaushalt zu ermöglichen. In PEM-Brennstoffzellen sind die Wechselwirkungen in Bezug auf den Feuchtehaushalt z.B. von Transportmechanismen, Degradation und Leistung abhängig. Im PEM-Brennstoffzellensystem werden die Wechselwirkungen der Feuchte durch eine mögliche Rezirkulation und/oder eine passive Befeuchtung der Kathode erweitert, Um diese Abhängigkeiten korrekt darzustellen, wurde ein PEM-Brennstoffzellen Stack-Modell entwickelt, das einerseits einen hohen Grad an Detailtreue und andererseits hohe Anforderungen an die Laufzeit erfüllt, um akzeptable Simulationszeiten für Brennstoffzellensystemsimulationen zu ermöglichen. Der Kern des Modells ist eine neuartige 2-D + 1-D Struktur, die flächenspezifische Bedingungen, wie z.B. trockene Kathodeneinlass- und feuchte Kathodenauslassbedingungen in Abhängigkeit von Gleich- oder Gegenstromstrukturen, löst. Um diesen Anforderungen an die Laufzeit gerecht zu werden, wurde ein numerischer Löser entwickelt, der speziell an die Struktur und den Inhalt angepasst ist. Das Brennstoffzellenmodell und dessen Möglichkeiten zur Integration in eine Systemsimulation werden in dieser Arbeit vorgestellt. / The aim of this work is to enable simulation based investigation of the operation of a PEM fuel cell system, with the special focus on its water management. For PEM fuel cells their multi-level interaction regarding humidity is characteristic depending e.g. on transport mechanisms, degradation and performance. In the PEM fuel cell system, the interaction of the humidity is further enhanced by a possible recirculation and passive humidification systems of the cathode. In order to display these dependencies correctly, a PEM fuel cell stack model has been developed, which on the one hand meets high degree of resulting details and on the other hand meets high requirements concerning its runtime, to enable acceptable simulation times for fuel cell system simulations. The core of the model is a novel 2-D + 1-D structure that resolves area specific conditions, such as dry cathode inlet and wet cathode outlet conditions in dependence of co- or counter flow fields. To meet those requirements regarding its runtime a numerical solver has been developed that is specially adapted to the structure and content. The fuel cell model as well as its possibilities with respect to the integration in system simulation is presented in this work.

The Master's thesis responds to the current challenge of the Czech landscape - reflecting its adaptation to climate change. At the local level, according to Czech legislation, the instrument forming the landscape should be primarily the physical plan, which was therefore selected as the subject of interest for this work. The work examines the possibilities of the physical plan in the field of water management by means of a case study focused on five municipalities in Vysocina region. The aim of this work is to verify whether spatial planning in the Czech environment responds to climate change, and thus whether it participates in responsible landscape water management. Firstly, the work analyzes the expected climate changes, their impact on the Czech landscape and approaches of society to these changes. Another part of the work is devoted to spatial planning, its tools and possibilities in the formation of landscape. In the practical part of the work, two qualitative research methods are used. The first is a semantic analysis of municipal spatial plans, the second chosen method are semi-structured interviews with representatives of public administration. The results of both methods show that the physical plan rather permits water management. Near natural measures are in the physical plans expressed...