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Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar as respostas cardiorrespiratórias, neuromusculares e cinemáticas durante o exercício de corrida estacionária com a flexão e extensão de cotovelo em diferentes cadências com e sem equipamento. A amostra desse estudo foi composta por 15 mulheres jovens que realizaram o exercício nas situações sem equipamento (SEM), com equipamento flutuante em ambos os membros (FLU-MSs/MIs) e com equipamento resistivo em ambos os membros (RES-MSs/MIs), nas cadências de 80 bpm, 100 bpm e no máximo esforço. Para as cadências submáximas o exercício foi realizado durante 4 min em cada situação e no máximo esforço o mesmo foi realizado durante 15 s. Utilizou-se ANOVA de 2 e 3 fatores, com post-hoc de Bonferroni (p < 0,05) (SPSS vs 15.0). Os resultados da frequência cardíaca e do consumo de oxigênio mostraram haver diferenças significativas entre as situações FLUMSs/ MIs e RES-MSs/MIs em comparação a SEM, com valores significativamente maiores para as situações de exercício com equipamento. Além disso, houve diferença entre as cadências de 80 e 100 bpm, com valores maiores e significativos para a cadência de 100 bpm. Para as variáveis de amplitude de movimento houve diferenças entre as cadências, com valores maiores de amplitude de movimento do quadril e joelho, conforme o incremento da cadência. Todavia, para a amplitude de movimento do cotovelo com o incremento da cadência houve uma diminuição da amplitude de movimento. Em relação a velocidade angular média de movimento do cotovelo, quadril e joelho houve diferenças significativas entre as cadências, com valores maiores para o máximo esforço. A velocidade angular média do quadril foi menor nas situações FLUMSs/ MIs e RES-MSs/MIs em comparação a SEM. Para as variáveis neuromusculares, não houve diferenças entre as situações, com exceção do percentual da contração isométrica voluntária máxima (%CVM) do tríceps braquial, que foi maior na situação FLU-MSs/MIs. Entre as diferentes cadências submáximas não houve diferenças para todos os músculos analisados, todavia entre essas e o máximo esforço houve diferenças, com maiores %CVM para o máximo esforço. O %CVM do bíceps femoral foi o único que demonstrou diferenças entre todas as cadências testadas nesse estudo. Entre as fases de movimento não houve diferença, com exceção do %CVM do reto femoral, o qual foi maior na fase de extensão. Em suma, o exercício de corrida estacionária com a flexão e extensão de cotovelo apresentou maiores respostas cardiorrespiratórias com o uso de equipamento (flutuante e resistivo) e também com o aumento da cadência de execução. Todavia, as respostas neuromusculares não diferiram entre as cadências submáximas, mas essas foram significativamente maiores no máximo esforço. / The purpose of the present study was to compare the cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular and kinematic responses during the stationary running with the elbow flexion/extension in different cadences with and without equipment. The sample was consisted of fifteen young women that performed the exercise without equipment (NO-E), with floating equipment in upper and lower limbs (FLO-LLs/ULs) and with resistive equipment in upper and lower limbs (RES-LLs/ULs) at three cadences (80 bpm, 100 bpm and maximal effort). For submaximal cadences the exercise was performed during 4 min and during 15 s at maximal effort in each situation. The results were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (factors: cadence, situation, phase of movement) with the Bonferroni correction for post-hoc comparisons (p < 0,05) (SPSS vs 15.0). The heart rate and oxygen uptake showed significant differences between FLO-LLs/ULs and RES-LLs/ULs compared with NO-E and higher values of these variables was found in the situations with equipment. In addition, the results for cardirespiratory responses demonstrated significant difference between submaximal cadences (80 and 100 bpm) with higher values of heart rate and oxygen uptake at 100 bpm. For the range of motion significant differences between cadences was showed with higher values of this variable for hip and knee according to the increment of the cadence. However, the range of motion for elbow decreased with the increment of the cadence. The angular velocity for elbow, hip and knee presented significant differences between cadences with higher values at maximal effort. Besides, the angular velocity for hip was minor in the situations FLU-LLs/Uls and RES-LLs/ULs compared with NO-E. For neuromucular responses no significant differences were showed between situations, except the percentage of maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC) for triceps brachii that was major in FLO-LLs/ULs. Between the different submaximal cadences no significant differences was found for all muscles analyzed, however, between these submaximal cadences and maximal effort were found significant differences with higher values of the %MVC at maximal effort. The unique %MVC that demonstrated significant differences between all cadences analyzed in this study was for biceps femoris. Between the phases of movement (flexion and extension) no significant difference was showed for all muscles investigated, except for the %MVC for rectus femoris that was higher in extension phase. In conclusion, the stationary running with the elbow flexion/extension presented higher cardiorespiratory responses with equipment (floating and resistive) and also with the enhance at the cadence of execution. Nevertheless, neuromuscular responses showed no significant difference between submaximal cadences, but these responses were significantly higher at maximal effort.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar as respostas cardiorrespiratórias, neuromusculares e cinemáticas durante o exercício de corrida estacionária com a flexão e extensão de cotovelo em diferentes cadências com e sem equipamento. A amostra desse estudo foi composta por 15 mulheres jovens que realizaram o exercício nas situações sem equipamento (SEM), com equipamento flutuante em ambos os membros (FLU-MSs/MIs) e com equipamento resistivo em ambos os membros (RES-MSs/MIs), nas cadências de 80 bpm, 100 bpm e no máximo esforço. Para as cadências submáximas o exercício foi realizado durante 4 min em cada situação e no máximo esforço o mesmo foi realizado durante 15 s. Utilizou-se ANOVA de 2 e 3 fatores, com post-hoc de Bonferroni (p < 0,05) (SPSS vs 15.0). Os resultados da frequência cardíaca e do consumo de oxigênio mostraram haver diferenças significativas entre as situações FLUMSs/ MIs e RES-MSs/MIs em comparação a SEM, com valores significativamente maiores para as situações de exercício com equipamento. Além disso, houve diferença entre as cadências de 80 e 100 bpm, com valores maiores e significativos para a cadência de 100 bpm. Para as variáveis de amplitude de movimento houve diferenças entre as cadências, com valores maiores de amplitude de movimento do quadril e joelho, conforme o incremento da cadência. Todavia, para a amplitude de movimento do cotovelo com o incremento da cadência houve uma diminuição da amplitude de movimento. Em relação a velocidade angular média de movimento do cotovelo, quadril e joelho houve diferenças significativas entre as cadências, com valores maiores para o máximo esforço. A velocidade angular média do quadril foi menor nas situações FLUMSs/ MIs e RES-MSs/MIs em comparação a SEM. Para as variáveis neuromusculares, não houve diferenças entre as situações, com exceção do percentual da contração isométrica voluntária máxima (%CVM) do tríceps braquial, que foi maior na situação FLU-MSs/MIs. Entre as diferentes cadências submáximas não houve diferenças para todos os músculos analisados, todavia entre essas e o máximo esforço houve diferenças, com maiores %CVM para o máximo esforço. O %CVM do bíceps femoral foi o único que demonstrou diferenças entre todas as cadências testadas nesse estudo. Entre as fases de movimento não houve diferença, com exceção do %CVM do reto femoral, o qual foi maior na fase de extensão. Em suma, o exercício de corrida estacionária com a flexão e extensão de cotovelo apresentou maiores respostas cardiorrespiratórias com o uso de equipamento (flutuante e resistivo) e também com o aumento da cadência de execução. Todavia, as respostas neuromusculares não diferiram entre as cadências submáximas, mas essas foram significativamente maiores no máximo esforço. / The purpose of the present study was to compare the cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular and kinematic responses during the stationary running with the elbow flexion/extension in different cadences with and without equipment. The sample was consisted of fifteen young women that performed the exercise without equipment (NO-E), with floating equipment in upper and lower limbs (FLO-LLs/ULs) and with resistive equipment in upper and lower limbs (RES-LLs/ULs) at three cadences (80 bpm, 100 bpm and maximal effort). For submaximal cadences the exercise was performed during 4 min and during 15 s at maximal effort in each situation. The results were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (factors: cadence, situation, phase of movement) with the Bonferroni correction for post-hoc comparisons (p < 0,05) (SPSS vs 15.0). The heart rate and oxygen uptake showed significant differences between FLO-LLs/ULs and RES-LLs/ULs compared with NO-E and higher values of these variables was found in the situations with equipment. In addition, the results for cardirespiratory responses demonstrated significant difference between submaximal cadences (80 and 100 bpm) with higher values of heart rate and oxygen uptake at 100 bpm. For the range of motion significant differences between cadences was showed with higher values of this variable for hip and knee according to the increment of the cadence. However, the range of motion for elbow decreased with the increment of the cadence. The angular velocity for elbow, hip and knee presented significant differences between cadences with higher values at maximal effort. Besides, the angular velocity for hip was minor in the situations FLU-LLs/Uls and RES-LLs/ULs compared with NO-E. For neuromucular responses no significant differences were showed between situations, except the percentage of maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC) for triceps brachii that was major in FLO-LLs/ULs. Between the different submaximal cadences no significant differences was found for all muscles analyzed, however, between these submaximal cadences and maximal effort were found significant differences with higher values of the %MVC at maximal effort. The unique %MVC that demonstrated significant differences between all cadences analyzed in this study was for biceps femoris. Between the phases of movement (flexion and extension) no significant difference was showed for all muscles investigated, except for the %MVC for rectus femoris that was higher in extension phase. In conclusion, the stationary running with the elbow flexion/extension presented higher cardiorespiratory responses with equipment (floating and resistive) and also with the enhance at the cadence of execution. Nevertheless, neuromuscular responses showed no significant difference between submaximal cadences, but these responses were significantly higher at maximal effort.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar as respostas cardiorrespiratórias, neuromusculares e cinemáticas durante o exercício de corrida estacionária com a flexão e extensão de cotovelo em diferentes cadências com e sem equipamento. A amostra desse estudo foi composta por 15 mulheres jovens que realizaram o exercício nas situações sem equipamento (SEM), com equipamento flutuante em ambos os membros (FLU-MSs/MIs) e com equipamento resistivo em ambos os membros (RES-MSs/MIs), nas cadências de 80 bpm, 100 bpm e no máximo esforço. Para as cadências submáximas o exercício foi realizado durante 4 min em cada situação e no máximo esforço o mesmo foi realizado durante 15 s. Utilizou-se ANOVA de 2 e 3 fatores, com post-hoc de Bonferroni (p < 0,05) (SPSS vs 15.0). Os resultados da frequência cardíaca e do consumo de oxigênio mostraram haver diferenças significativas entre as situações FLUMSs/ MIs e RES-MSs/MIs em comparação a SEM, com valores significativamente maiores para as situações de exercício com equipamento. Além disso, houve diferença entre as cadências de 80 e 100 bpm, com valores maiores e significativos para a cadência de 100 bpm. Para as variáveis de amplitude de movimento houve diferenças entre as cadências, com valores maiores de amplitude de movimento do quadril e joelho, conforme o incremento da cadência. Todavia, para a amplitude de movimento do cotovelo com o incremento da cadência houve uma diminuição da amplitude de movimento. Em relação a velocidade angular média de movimento do cotovelo, quadril e joelho houve diferenças significativas entre as cadências, com valores maiores para o máximo esforço. A velocidade angular média do quadril foi menor nas situações FLUMSs/ MIs e RES-MSs/MIs em comparação a SEM. Para as variáveis neuromusculares, não houve diferenças entre as situações, com exceção do percentual da contração isométrica voluntária máxima (%CVM) do tríceps braquial, que foi maior na situação FLU-MSs/MIs. Entre as diferentes cadências submáximas não houve diferenças para todos os músculos analisados, todavia entre essas e o máximo esforço houve diferenças, com maiores %CVM para o máximo esforço. O %CVM do bíceps femoral foi o único que demonstrou diferenças entre todas as cadências testadas nesse estudo. Entre as fases de movimento não houve diferença, com exceção do %CVM do reto femoral, o qual foi maior na fase de extensão. Em suma, o exercício de corrida estacionária com a flexão e extensão de cotovelo apresentou maiores respostas cardiorrespiratórias com o uso de equipamento (flutuante e resistivo) e também com o aumento da cadência de execução. Todavia, as respostas neuromusculares não diferiram entre as cadências submáximas, mas essas foram significativamente maiores no máximo esforço. / The purpose of the present study was to compare the cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular and kinematic responses during the stationary running with the elbow flexion/extension in different cadences with and without equipment. The sample was consisted of fifteen young women that performed the exercise without equipment (NO-E), with floating equipment in upper and lower limbs (FLO-LLs/ULs) and with resistive equipment in upper and lower limbs (RES-LLs/ULs) at three cadences (80 bpm, 100 bpm and maximal effort). For submaximal cadences the exercise was performed during 4 min and during 15 s at maximal effort in each situation. The results were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (factors: cadence, situation, phase of movement) with the Bonferroni correction for post-hoc comparisons (p < 0,05) (SPSS vs 15.0). The heart rate and oxygen uptake showed significant differences between FLO-LLs/ULs and RES-LLs/ULs compared with NO-E and higher values of these variables was found in the situations with equipment. In addition, the results for cardirespiratory responses demonstrated significant difference between submaximal cadences (80 and 100 bpm) with higher values of heart rate and oxygen uptake at 100 bpm. For the range of motion significant differences between cadences was showed with higher values of this variable for hip and knee according to the increment of the cadence. However, the range of motion for elbow decreased with the increment of the cadence. The angular velocity for elbow, hip and knee presented significant differences between cadences with higher values at maximal effort. Besides, the angular velocity for hip was minor in the situations FLU-LLs/Uls and RES-LLs/ULs compared with NO-E. For neuromucular responses no significant differences were showed between situations, except the percentage of maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC) for triceps brachii that was major in FLO-LLs/ULs. Between the different submaximal cadences no significant differences was found for all muscles analyzed, however, between these submaximal cadences and maximal effort were found significant differences with higher values of the %MVC at maximal effort. The unique %MVC that demonstrated significant differences between all cadences analyzed in this study was for biceps femoris. Between the phases of movement (flexion and extension) no significant difference was showed for all muscles investigated, except for the %MVC for rectus femoris that was higher in extension phase. In conclusion, the stationary running with the elbow flexion/extension presented higher cardiorespiratory responses with equipment (floating and resistive) and also with the enhance at the cadence of execution. Nevertheless, neuromuscular responses showed no significant difference between submaximal cadences, but these responses were significantly higher at maximal effort.

Title: Effects of water-based aerobic programme on health-related physical fitness and health-related quality of life level in elderly females Objectives: The aim of this study was to asses the effect of shallow water aerobic programme on changes of health-related physical fitness and health- related quality of life level in elderly females. Methods: 33 women (mean age 67 ± 5,2 years) were eligible for participation for the study. Participants were divided into experimental and control group. The experimental group (n = 17) participated in a 6month shallow water aerobic programme once a week 60 minutes. The control group did not participate in the physical program. Body composition, low-back and hamstring flexibility, hand grip strength, upper body and lower body strength, aerobic capacity, dynamic postural stability and health-related quality of life were determined before and after completion. Results: This study has shown that the training programme caused a significant increase in aerobic capacity (p = 0,01; r = 0,62) and in general health perception (p = 0,04; r = 0,36). Keywords: physical fitness, water exercise programme, ageing, quality of life

The medical community recognizes the importance of regular, vigorous exercise. The evidence is indeed overwhelming in support of physical fitness for the prevention of disease and disability; yet nearly 80% of the population does not exercise enough to produce a health benefit (CDC, 2018). Thus, it is necessary to find a way to assist individuals to increase an awareness concerning physical fitness and furthermore, overall wellness awareness. This quantitative study?s instructional intervention treatment interlaced the six dimensions of wellness and Knowles andragogy interwoven within a single activity; in this case water exercise. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess if adult participation in aquatic exercise classes results in increased awareness, longer lasting self-reported behavioral choices regarding the six dimensions of wellness. This study utilized a split-plot (mixed) factorial ANOVA with two treatment groups (experimental and control) and three occasions of measurements. Furthermore, this study?s assessment was a pretest, posttest 1, and posttest 2 wellness inventory to explore what changes adults perceived throughout the water exercise course and three weeks later. The research explored participants awareness based on teaching and learning plans that intertwined Knowles? (2015) andragogy with the depth and breadth of the wellness dimensions while participating in water exercise. Hence, participants gained an awareness of each wellness dimension. In this research the six dimensions of wellness is: physical, social, emotional, intellectual, environmental, and spiritual wellness. The six dimensions of wellness is an approach to life. It is how a person interacts with their surroundings. Thus, physical fitness is a portion of one?s whole wellness. But introducing the six dimensions into one activity demonstrated an awareness of overall wellness. This study was a step in the right direction as it confirmed adults? increased awareness concerning overall wellness interwoven with Knowles andragogy while participating in water exercise.

Title: Possibility of using Aqua Therapy for shoulder stabilization The aim of this thesis was to refer to possibility of using Aqua Therapy in Physiotherapy, especially to possibility of using Aqua Therapy for shoulder girdle stabilization. The thesis is supplemented by pilot study, witch compare activity of scapula stabilizing muscles dutiny movement on land with Thera-Band and in water with different equipment. Activity of selected muscles was documented and compared using surfaře electromyography. The results indicate flatter curve of selected muscles activation and their ko-contraction during movement in water condition. The results also refers to no significant differences in muscle activation in water and on dry land. Water exercise demonstrated in this study can by considered to be effective for improvement of scapular stabilization. Keywords: Aqua Therapy, water exercise, electromyografy, water EMG, scapular stabilization