Vattenverket Görväln i Järfälla planerar ett nytt vattenverk i framtiden, lokaliserat intill nuvarande vattenverk. Idag är den kemiska barriären, granulerat aktivt kol, ur funktion och utvärderas i det här projektet för att effektivisera processen. Den här studien fokuserar på att optimera den kemiska barriären genom att jämföra två sorter av granulerat aktivt kol (GAC). Jämförelsen sker genom analysering av löst organiskt kol (DOC), totalt organiskt kol (TOC), samt absorbans och fluorescens. Vattnet som använts i studien kommer direkt från det sandfiltrerade vattnet i Görvälnverkets reningsprocess. För att testa de olika GAC-sorterna konstruerades en kolonnuppsättning med överflödessystem. Syftet var att jämföra två olika GAC med kortare samt längre uppehållstid och deras absorberingsförmåga med avseende på DOC och TOC. Kolonner med längre kontakttid visade effektivare borttagning av DOC, TOC och fluorescerande ämnen oberoende av GAC-sort. Kolonner med FiltraSorb® 400 uppnår genombrott ungefär 30 % långsammare än Norit® 830 W för samma bäddvolymer. Skillnaden mellan längre kontakttid och kortare kontakttid var inte lika markant som skillnaden mellan GAC-sorterna. FiltraSorb® 400 presterade ungefär 30 % bättre vid borttagning av DOC och TOC jämfört mot Norit® 830 W. Adsorptionskapaciteten för Norit® 830 W försämrades betydligt snabbare än för FiltraSorb® 400. Det innebär att FiltraSorb® 400 behöver bakspolas mindre ofta och regenereras mer sällan än Norit® 830 W. FiltraSorb® 400 är därför den GAC-sort som rekommenderas för Görvälnverkets vatten med avseende på borttagning av DOC. Den här studien kommer att användas som underlag för pilotanläggningen som är stationerad intill kolonnuppställningen. Uppsättningen kommer också att användas för framtida kinetik och spårämnesförsök i vattenverket och på andra vattenverk. / There are multiple steps to be done in the drinking water treatment process. The product must obtain high quality and to do so, it must reach certain requirements. One of the treatment steps in Görväln water treatment plant, Stockholm, is to use granular active carbon (GAC). The GAC function is to filter away taste and odor in addition to acting as a chemical barrier, although the latter does not work properly in the water treatment plant today.The project´s aim is comparing the performance of two types of GAC, Norit® 830 W and FiltraSorb® 400, together with the effect of longer (21 minutes) and shorter (7 minutes) contact time (EBCT). The contact time (EBCT) is the time, in minutes, that a body of water is in contact with the GAC-filter. A longer EBCT, means lower flow, which leads to longer time for the GAC to adsorb contaminants from the water.To evaluate the difference between the GAC-types a column-test was constructed. The test allows a direct comparison to full scale operations. The water used during this study was taken directly after the sand filtration process in Görväln. The water is clear and particles visible to the naked eye are eliminated during the sand filtration. However, the small dissolved organic components (carbon) are hard to remove, which makes the GAC-filter important.The performance of the GAC was evaluated by the removal efficiency of TOC, DOC and evaluation of fluorescence and absorbance capacity. The result indicated a better performance for both GAC using a longer contact time. Best effect of the long contact time was seen during the fluorescence measurement, where calculated indexes and removal of specific compounds were distinguished.The difference between longer, 21 minutes, and shorter, 7 minutes, contact time was not as significant as the difference between the two types of GAC. FiltraSorb® 400 had a significant higher adsorbance capacity for DOC and TOC, 30 % better than Norit® 830 W, at the same bed volume. Norit® 830 W reached breakthrough much faster (~80 %) than FiltraSorb® 400 (~50%) at around 4700 bed volumes.

The first part of the thesis deals with water sources and methods of drinkable water treatment. This section describes the technologies used for two-stage water treatment from a surface source. The second part deals with study of the new drinking water treatment plant from a surface source for Adamov town. The work documents the current state of the existing water treatment plant and describes used technology with a design flow Q = 30 l s-1. In the next part of thesis is design of two variations of new technological line with a design flow Q = 10 l s-1. The first variation is one-stage water treatment with pressure filters as the main separation stage. Two-stage water treatment is designed for the second variation, in which the first stage of separation are clarifiers and the second stage are pressure filters. Thesis includes drawing documentation of designed pressure filters and clarifiers, technological and height scheme of both variations.

Musk compounds (MUSK) or synthetic fragrances are organic substances commonly used as fragrant constituents of detergents, soaps, cosmetics, personal care products, industrial and in-house cleaning agents, industrial plasticizers, chewing tobacco and fresheners. The big attention is pushed ahead studying these compounds, their fate in different parts of ecosystems and studying their characteristics at present, because musks infiltrate many environmental components, particularly aquatic and marine ecosystems, through their large application and their ability to be perzistant. This diploma thesis was focused on four synthetic “classical” fragrances used over the world. The aim of this study was to perform a method optimisation for the determination of selected fragrances in biotic matrix. There was made an evalution of ability of selected water treatment plant to clear away musks from water, these results were used for evaluating contamination measurement of aquatic ecosystem. The identification and quantification of analytes was carried out by high resolution gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (HRGC/MS).

General part of thesis deal with information on technology of water treatment and its changes at drinking water treatment plant Štítary. In experimental part of the document are presented treated data on monitoring of concentration of organic matter along the technological line of reconstructed drinking water treatment plant in Štítary for period since 2009 to 2010.

The aim of this thesis was to conduct a survey in selected water treatment plants to identify possible faults with which treatment providers may encounter. Within the thesis has been visited these treatments: ÚV Troubky, ÚV Hosov, ÚV Příkazy, ÚV Černovír. Further was performed evaluation of the collected information, specification and frequency disturbances occurring on those premises.

This masters thesis is dealing with energetic evaluation of selected municipal WWTP – WWTP Polička. First chapter, introduction explains basic terms and goals of thesis. Second chapter explains energy audit, energy audit process its scope and contents. Third chapter deals with assesing life cycle using LCA (life cycle assesment). Fourth chapter deal with energy consumption at WWTP in Czech Republic as well as in the world. Fifth chapter describes technology of WWTP Polička and its fundamental objects. Sixth chapter is assesment of WWTP Polička from hydraulic point of view and assesment of selected machinery. Further there is summation of capital and operational costs followed by capital investment return.

This Master’s Thesis deals with a question of the current methods of treatment of sewage sludge. The main objective is to compare the financial cost of conventional drying with solar drying. In the first part is described process of the treatment sludge and its disposal options. The Thesis also describes different methods of drying sewage sludge.

El presente proyecto de investigación se realizó en los laboratorios de: Ingeniería Civil - UPC, y laboratorio biológico - UNMSM; con el objetivo claro de experimentar y confirmar la hipótesis inicial: “Las bacterias Bacillus Subtilis añadidas en el diseño de mezcla del concreto (bioconcreto), es capaz de producir calcita, por ende, autoreparar los agrietamientos de los decantadores de la Atarjea”. El concreto tarde o temprano se agrieta por diversas causas, ya sea, por el clima, por la humedad que existe en la ciudad donde se encuentra la obra, por el pH, por movimientos sísmicos de moderada intensidad, etc. Esta investigación, se enfocó, a reparar con un material de construcción innovador (bioconcreto) los agrietamientos de los decantadores de la Atarjea, los cuales, son los que más gastos ocasionan en reparaciones. Todos los datos para el desarrollo de esta investigación se consiguieron mediante la realización de diseño de protocolos: parte biológica (bacterias: aislamiento, cultivo, reproducción, esporulación), parte ingenieril (diseño de mezcla y ensayos de concreto: resistencia a la compresión, granulometría, humedad, etc.). El bioconcreto se elaboró para un diseño de mezcla con f´c = 210 kg/cm2, con slump de 4'' y cumpliendo la Norma ACI 211. Con esta investigación se logró verificar, que el bioconcreto, llega a su resistencia a partir de los 28 días, y autorepara las fisuras y las grietas eficazmente, con una tendencia a disminuir el ancho en 0.20 mm por mes, esto quiere decir, que la hipótesis inicial, es factible y viable. / This research project was carried out in the Civil Engineering laboratories - UPC, and the biological laboratory – UNMSM; with the clear objective of experimenting and confirming the initial hypothesis: “The Bacillus Subtilis bacteria added in concrete mix design (bioconcrete), is capable of producing calcite, accordingly, self-repair the cracking of Atarjea decanters. The concrete sooner or later crack due to various causes, be it due to the climate, the humidity, that exists in the city where the work is located, due to the pH, due to moderate intensity seismic movements, etc. This investigation was focused on repairing with an innovative construction material (bio-concrete) the cracks in the decanters of the Atarjea, which are the ones that cause the most expenses in repairs. All data for the development of this research were obtained through the design of protocols: biological part (bacteria: isolation, culture, reproduction, sporulation), engineering part (mix design and concrete tests: resistance, granulometry, humidity, etc.) The bio concrete was made for a mix design with f´c = 210 kg/cm2, with slump of 4'' and complying with the standard ACI 211. With this investigation it was possible to verify, that bio concrete, reaches its resistance after 28 days, and self-repair fissures and cracks effectively, with a tendency to decrease the width of 0.20 mm by month, this means, that the initial hypothesis is feasible and viable. / Tesis

La minería es considerada un motor clave para el desarrollo económico de un país. En este sector, el mejoramiento en la eficiencia de usos del agua es un punto crítico desde el punto de vista económico y ambiental, por ello se siguen implementando nuevos procesos en el tratamiento del agua en el sector minero. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de esta investigación es demostrar que es posible mejorar las PTAR (planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales) de uso minero, lo que implica el mejor funcionamiento del sistema, usando de la mejor forma los recursos que se tienen. Esta investigación se desarrolló bajo los lineamientos de una metodología experimental, donde se diseñó el coagulador, floculador y clarificador de agua de rastras y el diseño del sistema integrado de clarificación de agua de 3 procesos que lo reemplazaría. El propósito de esto es realizar un análisis comparativo entre ambos sistemas usado en la mina “Coimolache” Con los resultados de los cálculos realizados para ambos diseños, tanto el clarificador de rastras y el sistema integrado de clarificación de agua de 3 procesos se demostrará que es posible una reducción en área (m2) a ocupar en el terreno, y de volumen (m3) de movimiento de tierra para contribuir la reducción del impacto ambiental. Así mismo, se evaluó la variación de los costos de implementación, operación y mantenimiento. Finalmente se busca dar a conocer, documentar y demostrar que el uso del sistema integrado de clarificación de agua de 3 procesos tiene múltiples ventajas para promover su implementación al nivel nacional. / Mining is considered a key for the economic development of a country. In this sector, improvement in water use efficiency of use is a critical point from the economic and environmental point of view, is because this reason, new processes are being implemented in the treatment of water in the mining sector. For this reason, the principal objective of this research is to demonstrate that it is possible to optimize the WWTP (wastewater treatment plant) for mining even to get the best operation of the system using in the right way the resources that we have. This research was developed under the guidelines of an experimental methodology, where coagulator, flocculator, and dredge water clarifier were designed and the design of the integrated 3-process water clarification system that would replace them. The purpose is to realize a comparative analysis between these systems used in the "Coimolache" mine. With the results of the calculations carried out for both designs, dredge water clarifier and integrated 3-process water clarification system, it will demonstrate that a reduction in area (m2) to be occupied on the ground and volume (m3) of earth movement is possible to contribute to the reduction of environmental impact. Likewise, the variation in implementation, operation and maintenance costs it was evaluated. Finally, this research intends to make known, document, and demonstrate that the use of the integrated 3-process water clarification system has multiple advantages to promote its implementation at the national level. / Tesis

The theme of this thesis is " Evaluation of water quality in water treatment plant Mokošín". The source of water supply are 4 artesian wells. The paper first describes the supply area and water treatment plant with individua water treatment technologies. In the practical section there is the specification of contaminating elements required to be separated at the water treatment plant. Since it is an underground source of water, there is an increased amount of iron and manganese. Increased attention is given to arsenic, which occurs in two water sources in recent years. There are also offered the possibilities of removing arsenic at water treatment plant and two filter materials tested in the laboratory. Monitoring of water quality takes place always in resources and after treatment in the time period of five years, the arsenic values are reported for ten years.