Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1992. / Thesis Advisors: Durkee, Philip A. ; Wash, Carlyle H. "June 1992." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 10, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-72). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-130). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Earth and Space Science. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-152). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11915

Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Earth and Space Science. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-174). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss&rft%5Fval%5Ffmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss:MQ99373

Airborne measurements of the downward spectral solar irradiance were analyzed with differential optical absorption spectroscopy for the integrated water vapor (IWV) in the atmospheric column above the aircraft. The measurements are obtained from two campaigns in 2016, during which the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) took measurements of the downward solar irradiance within the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The feasibility and limitations of the presented method are discussed for the dry conditions, which are typical for the high altitudes of the UTLS and above. Considering the uncertainties encountered in the irradiance measurements and the high sensitivity of the retrieval, the method was unable to provide sound results for the stratosphere, but provided reasonable results in the troposphere. / Flugzeuggetragene Messungen der abwärtsgerichteten spektralen solaren Irradianz wurden mit der Methode der differenziellen optischen Absorptionsspektroskopie auf den integrierten Wasserdampf (IWV) in der Atmosphäre oberhalb des Flugzeuges untersucht. Im Rahmen zweier Messkampagnen im Jahr 2016 führte das High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) Messungen der spektralen solaren Irradianz in dem Höhenbereich der oberen Troposphäre und unteren Stratosphäre (UTLS) durch. Hier werden das Potential und die Limitierungen eines solchen Verfahrens untersucht, um Wasserdampf in den trockenen Gegebenheiten abzuleiten, die in und oberhalb der UTLS herrschen. Angesichts der Messunsicherheiten und der hohen Sensitivität des Verfahrens, konnten in der Statosphäre nicht aussagekräftige Ergebnisse erreicht werden, aber in der Troposphäre konnte das Verfahren zuverlässige Ergebnisse liefern.

No description available.

The investigators do not preclude the possibility that there could be designed and built a water injection device that would operate under the conditions which were imposed on the Briggs' Vapor Jet for the purpose of this investigation. If, however, such a device be built, it is felt that it must be subject to controls of many kinds based on all the variables that affect the highly critical vapor injection problem. The complex nature of such a device makes it highly unlikely that it could find commercial use in the private automobile field. Water injection itself is apparently not more than just barely effective at the compression ratios now being used in passenger car engines. That, considered from both the viewpoint of increasing; the engine's power and performance and from the standpoint of economy, is largely responsible for the ineffectiveness of this Jet. The fact that this device can be mounted on any stock model car with a minimum of work, and that it will produce some results from an economic standpoint may justify its installation in cases where its effect on over-all engine operation and power are not too important. / M.S.

This study examines the long-term record of lower stratospheric water vapor focusing on the 20-year data record from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II). The SAGE II zonal monthly mean water vapor data was enhanced to include the aerosol heavy late 1980s through the use of aerosol extinction filtering of the data. Comparisons between the SAGE II lower stratospheric water vapor and the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) are performed. This study further focuses on the minimum lower stratospheric water vapor (i.e., hygropause) and on the dehydration seen in the hygropause with examination of the transport barrier at both the tropical tropopause and the tropopause folding region between the tropics and extra-tropics that would account for this decadal variation. The effects of aerosol contamination on the SAGE II water vapor retrievals from four volcanic eruptions from 1984 to 1992 were examined, leading to a four level filtering of the SAGE II water vapor data to allow retention of good data from early in the data record. With the improved filtered water vapor data, monthly and seasonal time series analyses show a significant decadal variation in the lower stratosphere for all months where the satellite coverage provided data from the late 1980s to the early 2000s. This decadal variation documents a decrease in the water vapor from below approximately 25 km to below the tropopause with this decrease seen in the hygropause from the tropics to the poles. Analysis of the hygropause for all months provided a statistically significant consistent neutral or decreasing value in the long-term water vapor minimum. March was shown to be the seasonal minimum in the hygropause over this 20-year low aerosol record, followed by a discontinuity in the minimum abundance after 2000. Three transport pathways for transport of water vapor from the moist troposphere to the lower stratosphere include the tropical tropopause, isentropic transport at the sub-tropical jet locations, and meridional transport from the tropics to the midlatitudes above the hygropause. The tropical tropopause temperatures were examined using the new Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data set. Analysis showed a significant decrease in the tropical and sub-tropical tropopause temperatures over the 20-year timeframe for the DJF season preceding the March minimum. The lower temperatures would provide a colder "cold trap" at the tropopause, further "freeze drying" the air seasonally transported from the upper troposphere to the lower stratosphere, providing the long-term dehydration in the hygropause and lower stratosphere. The Ertel's Potential Vorticity (EPV or PV) was examined as a proxy for the sub-tropical jet movement towards the poles over this long-term record. Changes in this pathway location may affect the efficiency of isentropic transport of moist tropospheric air into the lower stratosphere at these higher latitudes. Analysis using the MERRA zonal EPV and maximum zonal Uwind data showed a statistically significant shift in the locations of the contours towards the SH poles over this 20-year timeframe for the DJF, DJFM seasons and the month of December. The meridional winds above the tropopause show an increase over the 20-year record covered by SAGE II water vapor data. These increasing winds are consistent with the increase in the Brewer-Dobson circulation shown in other studies. The colder tropopause temperatures along with the increasing Brewer-Dobson circulation just above the tropopause, are the likely cause for the decreasing water vapor trend as seen in the SAGE II March hygropause over the 20-years from 1986-2005.

The present study contains a calculation and discussion of meridional advection of water vapour on a daily basis across three latitude circles (65°N., 70°N., 80°N.) for the months of January and July, 1958. [...]