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L'électronique imprimée prend place à l'interface entre les secteurs des industries graphiques et celui de la microélectronique. Les techniques d'impression industrielles classiques que sont l'héliogravure, la flexographie et l'offset présentent le grand avantage d'une productivité élevée en terme de surface imprimée. Une étape de recherche sur la formulation d'encres spécifiques pigmentaires ou à base de polymères fonctionnels se place au cœur de cette problématique. Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le contexte de l'électronique imprimée avec l'optimisation des différents paramètres de transfert intervenant dans l'impression. De même, l'étude de la rhéologie et la physico-chimie des encres est une étape capitale et indissociable de la caractérisation des états de surface des supports. En effet si chaque procédé d'impression possède ses spécificités en termes de propriétés des encres utilisées, une bonne adéquation encre/support est nécessaire afin d'obtenir une impression ayant les caractéristiques recherchées. <br />Nous avons donc formulé différentes encres polymères conductrices en particulier à base de poly thiophène. Une étude des propriétés de surface et des caractéristiques physiques des différents papiers et plastiques a permis de choisir deux supports tests pour nos impressions. Enfin, une optimisation des paramètres d'impression a démontré l'influence des conditions d'impression sur les caractéristiques des dépôts effectués en particulier en terme de conduction électrique. Un état de l'art et une bibliographie font le point sur les avancées de l'électronique imprimée, ses applications et ses enjeux.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-09-02T17:15:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciene Alves de Lacerda - 2016.pdf: 6989495 bytes, checksum: 6ae9d774e20b0c7857687d2dcfc17a9d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-09-02T21:12:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciene Alves de Lacerda - 2016.pdf: 6989495 bytes, checksum: 6ae9d774e20b0c7857687d2dcfc17a9d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T21:12:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciene Alves de Lacerda - 2016.pdf: 6989495 bytes, checksum: 6ae9d774e20b0c7857687d2dcfc17a9d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / This dissertation aims to think the picture and the body as a way to build a poetics that speaks to the dual concept of matrix, which is a possibility of establishing time frames coming from the direction of the imager body and expressive spaces perceptions of the subject / object artist and researcher, senses builder. From the body of ideas as poetic space we draw a path of trials with the titled dry lithography technique, alternative printing technique that refers to the subversion of traditional techniques, because it seeks to establish dialogues between the technique and its materialities bringing to the body element, questioning him in clippings and paths that overlap from one image to another, such as leather, fabrics film, an intimate walk towards the time and the place called body, which permeate the "speeches" and "truths" of society and culture . The materials used for this research were materials discarded by consumer society and information, such as offset plates, which in the recent past were a generating surface images now reused to generate new images; skins; films; tissues; voile; paraffins; stone; instruments for drawing; papers of varying textures, with the intention to provoke, evoke bodily surfaces memories. The weights on the use of diverse materials such as propellants contemporary and relevant reflections to the immense universe of images producer; sensitive body concept understood in its phenomenological relation between subject and object; reflection on the research methodology in visual poetics; and poetic concepts in physical space and the folds, which put us in an opportunity to make connections with dry lithography technique called, were the main theoretical framework that guided the construction of this research. / A presente dissertação de mestrado visa pensar a gravura e o corpo como formas de construir uma poética que dialoga com o duplo conceito de matriz, quais sejam como possibilidade de instaurar temporalidades advindas do sentido do corpo gerador de imagens e espaços expressivos de percepções do sujeito/objeto artista e pesquisador, construtor de sentidos. A partir das ideias de corpo como espaço poético traçamos um percurso de experimentações com a técnica intitulada litografia a seco, técnica de impressão alternativa que remete à subversão das técnicas tradicionais, pois busca estabelecer diálogos entre a técnica e suas materialidades trazendo como elemento o corpo, problematizando-o em recortes e caminhos que se sobrepõem de uma imagem à outra, como peles, películas tecidos, num passeio íntimo em direção ao tempo e ao lugar chamado corpo, onde perpassam os “discursos” e “verdades” da sociedade e da cultura. Os materiais utilizados para a realização desta pesquisa foram materiais descartados pela sociedade de consumo e informação, como as placas offset, que no passado recente foram uma superfície geradora de imagens, agora, reaproveitadas para gerar novas imagens; peles; películas; tecidos; voal; parafinas; pedra; instrumentos para desenhar; papéis de texturas variadas, com a intenção de provocar, evocar lembranças de superfícies corpóreas. As ponderações sobre o uso de materiais diversificados como propulsores de reflexões contemporâneas e pertinentes ao imenso universo produtor de imagens; o conceito de corpo sensível compreendido em sua relação fenomenológica entre sujeito e objeto; a reflexão sobre a metodologia de pesquisa em poéticas visuais; e os conceitos de poética no espaço corpóreo e as dobras, as quais nos colocam em oportunidade para fazer conexões com a técnica chamada litografia a seco, foram os principais aportes teóricos que guiaram a construção desta pesquisa.

Management of water resources are the cornerstones of environmental protection. There willbe an increase in demand for water in the coming years and it is our responsibility to reserveour resources whether it is salt or fresh water. While analysing the paths of water being utilized,major amount is getting wasted through toilet flush. An average amount of water used in asingle toilet flush is about 9 litres and an individual will be using the toilet on an average of 5times a day which will be huge gallons of water in a minute around the world. In order to savethe ecosystem and to become sustainable waterless toilet systems are the optimum solution. Inthis thesis, waterless toilet technologies marketed by different manufacturers are deeplyanalysed and scaled the maturity level of technologies using the technology readiness level. Atechnology-market portfolio is created which helps to provide the current status of the waterlesstoilet technology systems in the international market. The pandemic created due to the coronavirus have led this paper to identify the opportunities that waterless toilets can have in the futurewith the help of innovations like smart toilet and artificial intelligence.

Poverty is a real problem in many countries. These countries need extra support to get their lives back to a sanitary way of living again. Together with the organization X-Runner and Separett, the people of Peru get access to sanitation solutions such as toilets without profit. The problem is that the toilets are expensive and take up a lot of space during transport, which results in not enough toilets being sent. The developed toilet has been built from scratch together with the company Separett and Jönköping University as a thesis project at the master's program Industrial Design. During the project, further development of the company's visual design language was carried out. From sketches to a real visualization model, in addition to showcasing usage and packaging of the next generation of waterless toilets. The project’s solution to the problem is a compact cylindrical toilet that functions without water. There is one container for solid waste and another for liquid waste. One of the toilet's main functions is arriving in a flat package after shipping, which enables more toilets to be sent in the same transport. The toilet has also been developed with as few components as possible to reduce the cost and be an affordable alternative for everyone. Further tests of the toilet are needed as the toilet is still in the conceptual stage. / Fattigdom är verkligt problem i ett flertal länder. Dessa länder behöver extra stöd för att få tillbaka sina liv igen. Tillsammans med organisationen X-Runner och Separett får befolkningen av Peru tillgång till sanitetslösningar så som toaletter utan vinst. Problemet är att toaletterna är dyra och tar stor plats under transport vilket resulterar i att inte tillräckligt många toaletter kan skickas.  Den framtagna toaletten har tagits fram från grunden tillsammans med företaget Separett och Jönköping University som ett examensarbete på masterutbildningen Industridesign. Under projektet har företagets visuella formspråk vidareutvecklats. Från skisser till en verklig visualisering modell inom användning och paketering för att visa på nästa generations vattenfria toaletter. Avhandlingens lösning till problemet är en kompakt cylindrisk toalett som fungerar utan vatten. Det finns en behållare för fast avfall och en annan för flytande avfall. En av toalettens huvudfunktioner är att den skickas i ett platt paket vilket möjliggör att fler toaletter kan skickas i samma transport. Toaletten har även utvecklats med så få komponenter som möjligt för att reducera kostnaden till ett prisvärt alternativ för alla. Ytterligare tester av toaletten behövs då toaletten är i konceptuellt stadie.