Magister Educationis - MEd / Working students registered for a professional degree, who are also employed in public service, have some interesting hurdles to overcome with finding time for studies (from attending classes, and completing assignments to writing exams). Central to this study is using theories of Critical Temporalities around working university students and the time they have for studies, at home or in the workplace. Critical Temporalities is a way of understanding and describing the time, timing and time-related issues and concerns that the students have. Critical Temporalities examines an often over-looked aspect of working students’ experience as they undertake their professional development studies. The overarching theoretical orientation for this thesis is the contradictions of Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) as applied to the professional development and time for studies. There is also an analysis of the temporal dimensions theory from sociology of time in the workplace as it relates to time for professional degree studies. Two major insights result from the research. Firstly, a confirmation that there are multi-faceted levels of personal disadvantage (that is, a mix of social and cultural issues) that affect the time for studies related choices of these selected students. And secondly, the particular kind of feeling or perception of acceleration in the pace of life that these students experience whilst studying is a notable feature of their university based professional development.

Cette thèse analyse le processus de construction des parcours professionnels des jeunes à un moment clé : celui de la fin de la formation secondaire ou professionnelle. Nous cherchons à comprendre la manière dont les parcours professionnels des jeunes résidents à la Région Nord du Grand Buenos Aires en Argentine se construisent dans un contexte de transformations historiques profondes. Ces transformations se manifestent par un monde productif plus flexible, instable et précaire pour les nouvelles générations, par l’affaiblissement des principales institutions de la socialisation comme la famille et l’école et par des mutations des temporalités sociales et individuelles. L’objectif est atteint par la mise en place d’une recherche qualitative et longitudinale qui suit pendant deux ans les parcours professionnels d’un panel de jeunes hommes et femmes qui sortent au même moment, en 2006, des formations différenciées (secondaire et professionnelle dans des institutions du secteur public et privé). Nous abordons dans un premier temps la place des rapports à la vie professionnelle dans les parcours. Nous insistons ensuite sur la recherche des explications complémentaires qui dépassent la sphère professionnelle : les temporalités des jeunes apparaissent ainsi comme un autre facteur pertinent. Variables d’origine, pratiques, rapports symboliques et temporalités jouent un rôle différent selon la manière dont ils sont articulés entre eux. Nous soutenons enfin que c’est la manière dont les facteurs s’imbriquent entre eux (abordée ici sous la dénomination de « séquences professionnelles ») une clé de lecture fondamentale pour analyser la part de hétérogénéité, singularité et inégalité dans l’actuelle construction des parcours professionnels des jeunes. / This dissertation sets out to analyze the construction process of employment careers among youth who have finished high school. We seek to understand how youth in the northern suburbs of Buenos Aires, Argentina build their employment careers in a context of deep transformations. This transformations are characterized by a more flexible, unstable and precarious production and employment model, the weakening of important socializing institutions — the family and the school — as well as the emergence of new forms of social and individual usage of time. How are these careers influenced by the context they are inscribed in? What new theoretical elements can this case contribute to classical analyses of employment careers? The data was drawn from a two-year qualitative longitudinal study that followed 84 young women and men who graduated from differents types of educations of high school in 2006. For instance, an analysis of “work dispositions” among the panel revealed the weight of certain symbolic factors and their relations to labor practices. Furthermore, other factors such as “youth temporalities” highlight the importance of considering elements that are found beyond the sphere of employment. Finally, it is the way that these factors are intertwined that is most interesting, since it offers us the possibility of establishing causality. The concept of “employment sequence” allows us to follow the way these factors become enmeshed. We are then able to identify heterogeneity, singularity and inequality in the processes of differentiation of employment careers among youth.

Comment les agricultures familiales brésiliennes et françaises font naître des pratiques temporelles innovantes pour répondre à la transition écologique ? La thèse explore dans un contexte d’accélération sociale des processus d’écologisation, la diversité des pratiques et des représentations comme autant d’expressions de la contestation du paradigme agricole moderniste. Elle s’intéresse particulièrement aux expériences temporelles des identités socioprofessionnelles, des objets de la nature et des artefacts techniques. Nos trois terrains d’enquête - La Genétouze, Saints en Puisaye et Rio Veado- sont le miroir du développement de l’agriculture biologique et des débats globaux qui l’agitent sur sa «conventionnalisation ». Les controverses envers son identité, interrogent les nombreux branchements culturels entre les différents modèles agricoles et les tensions véhiculées autour de leurs liens entretenus avec le passé, le présent et le futur.Notre approche transversale entre la France et le Brésil propose de croiser les temporalités vécues des agriculteurs se réclamant de l’agriculture raisonnée, de l’agriculture de conservation ou encore des agricultures agrobiologistes, sur le temps long de leurs trajectoires locales. Elle montre que l’accélération sociale est illusoirement hégémonique : l’inversion du temps progressiste et linéaire ou encore le phénomène de décélération symbolisent des résistances culturelles. En réalité, on assiste plutôt à la coexistence de temporalités multiples, opposées voire contradictoires sur un même territoire. Les enjeux autour des agricultures familiales s’avèrent alors être d’ordre civilisationnel : ils révèlent une crise temporelle questionnant le chercheur sur la capacité des acteurs à renverser la lèche du temps, pour offrir de possibles réconciliations entre la linéarité du progrès technique et la cyclicité du vivant. / How do Brazilian and French family farms create innovative temporal practices to respond to ecological transition?This thesis explores in a context of the social acceleration of ecologisation, the diversity of practices and representations as an expression of fracture within the modernist agricultural model. It proposes focussing on temporal experiences of socio-professional identities, elements of nature and technical artefacts. Our three ields of research- La Genétouze, Saints en Puisaye and Rio Veado- encompass the development of organic farming and of the animated debates that arise from its «conventionalisation.» Controversies over its identity _ question the numerous cultural connections between the different agricultural models and the tensions conveyed around their links with the past, the present and the future.Our transversal approach in both France and Brazil proposes to cross-examine the temporalities experienced by farmers who use reasoned agriculture, conservation agriculture or agrobiologic farms alongside their local trajectories. It shows that social acceleration hegemony is illusory: the inversion of progressive and linear time or its deceleration symbolize cultural resistances. Rather, we are part of the coexistence of multiple, opposing and even contradictory temporalities within the same territory. The challenging questions for family farming are then civilizational: they reveal temporal crises questioning the researcher on the capacity of the actors to reverse the arrow of time, offering possible reconciliations between the linearity of technical progress and life cycles.

Esse trabalho busca compreender os usos diferenciados que a agricultura empreende ao território, tornando-o cada vez mais fluido aos interesses dos grandes agentes corporativos. De maneira hierarquizada, esses agentes materializam suas intenções no território, visto enquanto um meio para atingir seus objetivos que perpassam por relações de poder pautadas, sobretudo, por fins mercadológicos. Todavia, os usos do território não são homogêneos uma vez que, as ações e os objetos propagam-se nos lugares a partir de relações de conflito e cooperação. Esse uso seletivo aponta para as funções que os lugares devem cumprir a partir das demandas nacionais e internacionais. Essa diferenciação de atividades agrícolas é notada em muitos lugares como é o caso do uso do espaço do município de Ibiúna (SP), constituído pela produção hortícola, mas que novas atividades começam a ganhar expressividade, tornando o espaço agrícola local ainda mais complexo. De um lado, a racionalização da agricultura tornou o território cada vez mais acrescido com os conteúdos da técnica, ciência e informação que possibilitaram importantes avanços nesse setor. Por outro lado, persistem os conflitos pelos quais passam os pequenos agricultores, envolvidos pela crescente normatização dada pelo Estado e pelo mercado, sem contudo, esses agentes fornecerem aparatos à sobrevivência dos agricultores em meio a esse processo. / This work intends to comprehend the so distinguished uses which agriculture enterprises on the territory, becoming increasingly fluid to the interests of the biggest corporative entrepreneurs. By hierarchical means, corporate agents materialize their intentions on territory, what is seen as a pathway through which they achieve their goals by using power relations ruled by market purposes on their favor. However, territory usage is not a homogeneous phenomenon once actions and objects are spread out through places from a core of relations of cooperation and conflict. This uneven usage directs specifics employments that must be accomplished, by places, attending to national and international demands. The agricultural activities differentiation can be noticed in several places of the territory, for instance, as in the use of the district area of Ibiúna?s (SP) space, constituted by horticulture activities, that has been joined by new expressive activities which heightened its complexity. On the one side, the agricultural rationalization has caused the territory to evolve by the use of technical, informational, and scientific contents which made it possible to move the sector forward. On the other hand, the conflicts the farmers go through still persist, related to the growing normatization inflicted by the State and the market which give no support whatsoever to the survival of the farmers, who are immersed in a modernization process.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta pesquisa se desenha entre o universo das cartas e dos zines a partir da anÃlise de correspondÃncias de zineiros endereÃadas ao zine-catÃlogo Esputinique, produzido em Fortaleza entre 2002 e 2005. Interessa-nos entender os modos de subjetivaÃÃo construÃdos entre um grupo de correspondentes-zineiros que se organizavam em torno de encontros permeando a escrita das cartas com elementos de construÃÃo literÃria, afetiva e artÃstica. Tais cartas se referem aos encontros, ao sentido de pertenÃa à rede, à criaÃÃo, Ãs experiÃncias enquanto estas acontecem e podem ser lidas como um diÃrio de campo coletivo e compartilhado, construÃdo aos poucos e de forma bastante fragmentada. SÃo registros fÃsicos da existÃncia da rede, alÃm de uma das formas atravÃs das quais a rede à tecida. Buscar entrelaÃamentos entre os dois universos à deparar-se com zonas hÃbridas entre pÃblico e privado, modos de criaÃÃo, diferentes temporalidades, arte e comunicaÃÃo. / This research is outlined between the zines and letters universes, starting from the analysis of the zinesters correspondence sent to the zine-catalogue Esputinique, made in Fortaleza from 2002 to 2005. We are interested in understanding the modes of being constructed among a group of zinesters-correspondents which organized themselves around meetings permeating the writing of letters with artistic, affective and literary construction elements. Such letters referred to the meetings, to the sense of belonging to the net, to creation, to experiences while they happen and can be read as a collective and shared field diary, slowly built and in a very fragmented way. They are physical registers of the existence of the net, and beyond, one of the ways through which it is weaved. To look for entanglements between these two universes is to face hybrid zones between public and private, ways of creation, multiple temporalities, art and communication.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-05-22T15:58:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gleiciele Mendes Viana Moscardo - 2012.pdf: 6640649 bytes, checksum: 88adb9875ad3fd59c33a460239672412 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-05-22T16:04:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gleiciele Mendes Viana Moscardo - 2012.pdf: 6640649 bytes, checksum: 88adb9875ad3fd59c33a460239672412 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-22T16:04:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gleiciele Mendes Viana Moscardo - 2012.pdf: 6640649 bytes, checksum: 88adb9875ad3fd59c33a460239672412 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-20 / This research addresses the musical comedy "Opera do Malandro" composed by Chico Buarque in 1978 and set during 40´s , at Rio de Janeiro, the final phase of the Estado Novo (1937-45). This investigation considers how Chico Buarque, using poetry and music, handled the censorship during the military dictatorship of the 70´s. It inserts "Opera do Malandro" in the context of the military dictatorship of the 70´s, considering the inclusion of multiple times in the preparation of the piece; the processes of hybridization that resulted in the "Opera do Malandro" and yet, the processes of identity representations, in particular those embodied in the figure of the rascal. Meaning to elucidate these questions, based on the concepts of phenomenological analysis and seeking support for the relationship between lyrics and music in musical rhetoric and Luiz Tatit´s studies, an analysis was made of the following poetic-musical songs that composes the piece: “O Malandro”, “Homenagem ao Malandro”, “Ópera” e “O Malandro nº2”. The analysis and interpretation of the query have confirmed the hypothesis presented that, from a language of "cracks" centered on the image of the rascal and the game of temporalities and hybridizations, Chico Buarque, using metaphores, presented the political, social and economic conditions of the country at those years, the 70´s. / A presente pesquisa aborda a comédia musical “Ópera do Malandro” composta por Chico Buarque em 1978 e ambientada no Rio de Janeiro dos anos de 1940, fase final do Estado Novo (1937-45). Constituem-se como eixos estruturantes desta investigação: a maneira como Chico Buarque lidou em termos poéticos e musicais com a censura durante a ditadura militar da década de 1970; a inserção da “Ópera do Malandro” no contexto da ditadura militar dos anos de 1970; a imbricação de tempos múltiplos na elaboração da peça; os processos de hibridação dos quais resultou a “Ópera do Malandro”, e ainda, os processos de representações identitárias, em especial, aquelas consubstanciadas na figura do malandro. Visando elucidar tais questões, baseando-se nos conceitos da análise fenomenológica e buscando respaldo para a relação letra e música na retórica musical e nos estudos de Luiz Tatit, foi realizada uma análise poético-musical das seguintes canções que compõe a peça: “O Malandro”, “Homenagem ao Malandro”, “Ópera” e “O Malandro nº2”. A análise e a interpretação dos questionamentos levantados confirmaram a hipótese apresentada de que, a partir de uma linguagem de “frestas” centrada na imagem do malandro e do jogo de temporalidades e hibridações, Chico Buarque metaforizou a situação política, social e econômica do país dos anos de 1970.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-09-02T17:15:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciene Alves de Lacerda - 2016.pdf: 6989495 bytes, checksum: 6ae9d774e20b0c7857687d2dcfc17a9d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-09-02T21:12:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciene Alves de Lacerda - 2016.pdf: 6989495 bytes, checksum: 6ae9d774e20b0c7857687d2dcfc17a9d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T21:12:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciene Alves de Lacerda - 2016.pdf: 6989495 bytes, checksum: 6ae9d774e20b0c7857687d2dcfc17a9d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / This dissertation aims to think the picture and the body as a way to build a poetics that speaks to the dual concept of matrix, which is a possibility of establishing time frames coming from the direction of the imager body and expressive spaces perceptions of the subject / object artist and researcher, senses builder. From the body of ideas as poetic space we draw a path of trials with the titled dry lithography technique, alternative printing technique that refers to the subversion of traditional techniques, because it seeks to establish dialogues between the technique and its materialities bringing to the body element, questioning him in clippings and paths that overlap from one image to another, such as leather, fabrics film, an intimate walk towards the time and the place called body, which permeate the "speeches" and "truths" of society and culture . The materials used for this research were materials discarded by consumer society and information, such as offset plates, which in the recent past were a generating surface images now reused to generate new images; skins; films; tissues; voile; paraffins; stone; instruments for drawing; papers of varying textures, with the intention to provoke, evoke bodily surfaces memories. The weights on the use of diverse materials such as propellants contemporary and relevant reflections to the immense universe of images producer; sensitive body concept understood in its phenomenological relation between subject and object; reflection on the research methodology in visual poetics; and poetic concepts in physical space and the folds, which put us in an opportunity to make connections with dry lithography technique called, were the main theoretical framework that guided the construction of this research. / A presente dissertação de mestrado visa pensar a gravura e o corpo como formas de construir uma poética que dialoga com o duplo conceito de matriz, quais sejam como possibilidade de instaurar temporalidades advindas do sentido do corpo gerador de imagens e espaços expressivos de percepções do sujeito/objeto artista e pesquisador, construtor de sentidos. A partir das ideias de corpo como espaço poético traçamos um percurso de experimentações com a técnica intitulada litografia a seco, técnica de impressão alternativa que remete à subversão das técnicas tradicionais, pois busca estabelecer diálogos entre a técnica e suas materialidades trazendo como elemento o corpo, problematizando-o em recortes e caminhos que se sobrepõem de uma imagem à outra, como peles, películas tecidos, num passeio íntimo em direção ao tempo e ao lugar chamado corpo, onde perpassam os “discursos” e “verdades” da sociedade e da cultura. Os materiais utilizados para a realização desta pesquisa foram materiais descartados pela sociedade de consumo e informação, como as placas offset, que no passado recente foram uma superfície geradora de imagens, agora, reaproveitadas para gerar novas imagens; peles; películas; tecidos; voal; parafinas; pedra; instrumentos para desenhar; papéis de texturas variadas, com a intenção de provocar, evocar lembranças de superfícies corpóreas. As ponderações sobre o uso de materiais diversificados como propulsores de reflexões contemporâneas e pertinentes ao imenso universo produtor de imagens; o conceito de corpo sensível compreendido em sua relação fenomenológica entre sujeito e objeto; a reflexão sobre a metodologia de pesquisa em poéticas visuais; e os conceitos de poética no espaço corpóreo e as dobras, as quais nos colocam em oportunidade para fazer conexões com a técnica chamada litografia a seco, foram os principais aportes teóricos que guiaram a construção desta pesquisa.

Esse trabalho busca compreender os usos diferenciados que a agricultura empreende ao território, tornando-o cada vez mais fluido aos interesses dos grandes agentes corporativos. De maneira hierarquizada, esses agentes materializam suas intenções no território, visto enquanto um meio para atingir seus objetivos que perpassam por relações de poder pautadas, sobretudo, por fins mercadológicos. Todavia, os usos do território não são homogêneos uma vez que, as ações e os objetos propagam-se nos lugares a partir de relações de conflito e cooperação. Esse uso seletivo aponta para as funções que os lugares devem cumprir a partir das demandas nacionais e internacionais. Essa diferenciação de atividades agrícolas é notada em muitos lugares como é o caso do uso do espaço do município de Ibiúna (SP), constituído pela produção hortícola, mas que novas atividades começam a ganhar expressividade, tornando o espaço agrícola local ainda mais complexo. De um lado, a racionalização da agricultura tornou o território cada vez mais acrescido com os conteúdos da técnica, ciência e informação que possibilitaram importantes avanços nesse setor. Por outro lado, persistem os conflitos pelos quais passam os pequenos agricultores, envolvidos pela crescente normatização dada pelo Estado e pelo mercado, sem contudo, esses agentes fornecerem aparatos à sobrevivência dos agricultores em meio a esse processo. / This work intends to comprehend the so distinguished uses which agriculture enterprises on the territory, becoming increasingly fluid to the interests of the biggest corporative entrepreneurs. By hierarchical means, corporate agents materialize their intentions on territory, what is seen as a pathway through which they achieve their goals by using power relations ruled by market purposes on their favor. However, territory usage is not a homogeneous phenomenon once actions and objects are spread out through places from a core of relations of cooperation and conflict. This uneven usage directs specifics employments that must be accomplished, by places, attending to national and international demands. The agricultural activities differentiation can be noticed in several places of the territory, for instance, as in the use of the district area of Ibiúna?s (SP) space, constituted by horticulture activities, that has been joined by new expressive activities which heightened its complexity. On the one side, the agricultural rationalization has caused the territory to evolve by the use of technical, informational, and scientific contents which made it possible to move the sector forward. On the other hand, the conflicts the farmers go through still persist, related to the growing normatization inflicted by the State and the market which give no support whatsoever to the survival of the farmers, who are immersed in a modernization process.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-05T11:38:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cristianeelviradeassisoliveira.pdf: 769948 bytes, checksum: c3ba97a4866499d6a6450f36cf20955c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T16:24:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cristianeelviradeassisoliveira.pdf: 769948 bytes, checksum: c3ba97a4866499d6a6450f36cf20955c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T16:24:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cristianeelviradeassisoliveira.pdf: 769948 bytes, checksum: c3ba97a4866499d6a6450f36cf20955c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T16:24:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cristianeelviradeassisoliveira.pdf: 769948 bytes, checksum: c3ba97a4866499d6a6450f36cf20955c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho, intitulado “Temporalidades no/do cotidiano da Educação Infantil”, desenvolvido no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora teve como discussão central temporalidades no/do cotidiano escolar. Temporalidades se referem às múltiplas formas de lidar, de relacionar, de organizar o tempo, ou seja, a experiência no e com o tempo. O objetivo da pesquisa foi problematizar/conversar acerca de indícios de temporalidades no/do cotidiano escolar com professoras da Educação Infantil, de uma escola de educação em tempo integral de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Busquei responder a seguinte questão: o que narram as professoras a respeito dos indícios de temporalidades no/do cotidiano escolar? As autoras e os autores com os quais dialoguei fazem parte da perspectiva teórico-político-epistemológicometodológica da pesquisa no/do/com o cotidiano, a qual embasou a pesquisa, na qual teci dois movimentos. O primeiro foi o mergulho no cotidiano de uma turma de segundo período da Educação Infantil, pesquisando temporalidades no/do cotidiano escolar, no segundo semestre de 2010. Nesse movimento, os indícios de temporalidades foram anotados em um caderno na forma de narrativas. Para o segundo movimento da pesquisa, no primeiro semestre de 2011, organizei cinco encontros com as professoras da Educação Infantil, aos quais dei o nome de cirandas de conversa, em que foram expressas as ideias, as noções, os saberesfazeres que circulavam entre nós. Na tessitura dessa pesquisa emergiram as seguintes temporalidades: temporalidades na/da escola de educação em tempo integral, temporalidades tecidas no currículo, temporalidades de crianças da Educação Infantil. Ao experienciar a pesquisa, pude perceber que apenas a ampliação do tempo escolar para a criança, para a professora e o professor não resolve as dificuldades e nem os conflitos com os quais a escola se depara. Uma série de fatores precisa estar articulada à ampliação do tempo na escola, como o trabalho coletivo, a formação em contexto, um currículo tecido no/com o cotidiano e a convivência com as múltiplas temporalidades de crianças. / This study, entitled “Temporalities in the Everyday Life of Child Education”, developed by the Federal University of Juiz de Fora Post-Graduation Program, focused on the central debate over temporalities in/about the everyday life at a school setting. Temporality refers to the various ways to deal with, relate to, and organize time, i.e., experience in and with time. The objective of this investigation was to problematize/discuss about temporality hints in/about the everyday life at a school setting with Child Education teachers at a fulltime education school in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. I tried to answer the question “What do teachers say about temporality hints in/about the everyday life at school setting?” Authors on which I based this study are part of the theoretical-political-epistemologicalmethodological research perspective in/about/with everyday life, from which I could draw two movements. The first was the immersion into the everyday life of a Child Education second year class by investigating temporalities in/about the everyday life at a school setting, in the second semester 2010. Hints of temporality in this movement were annotated on a notebook in narrative style. For the second movement under investigation, which took place in the first semester 2011, I arranged five meetings called conversation circles with Child Education teachers, during which circulating ideas, notions, and knowledge were expressed. During the preparation for this research the following temporalities emerged: full-time education school temporalities, curriculum-based temporalities, Child Education children-related temporalities. By experiencing the investigation, I could perceive that increased school time alone for children and teachers does not resolve the challenges and conflicts faced by school. A number of factors must be linked to school time, such as collective work, a contextual education, a curriculum based on everyday life and dealing with multiple child temporalities.

Développée dès la fin des années 1960 en France à partir de l’application des principes de la prospective, issus des travaux du philosophe Gaston Berger, à l’aménagement du territoire, la prospective territoriale fait aujourd’hui l’objet de nombreuses démarches tant au niveau étatique qu’au niveau des collectivités territoriales. Cette recherche propose d’interroger le sens des pratiques hétérogènes auxquelles elle a donné lieu, et entreprend pour ce faire de dénaturaliser la prospective devenue, au gré de ses différentes traductions dans les mécanismes de la décision publique, un « objet » aux contours imprécis. Nous proposons d’appréhender la prospective, d’abord présentée par Berger comme une « technique rationnelle » œuvrant à rendre l’action efficace pour l’homme, comme un « instrument de gouvernementalité » ou encore un « instrument d’action publique » producteur de normes (et en particulier de normes territoriales), ainsi que de mettre en exergue les conséquences des métamorphoses de la régulation politique sur l’état de cet « instrument prospective » et ses effets. En tant que rationalité cognitive (mode de connaissance du territoire), la prospective territoriale semble d’une part opérer un retour à la question anthropologique : elle se fait sociétale, toujours plus attentive aux pratiques spatiales. En tant que rationalité politique (mode d’administration de l’institution et du territoire), ses démarches deviennent d’autre part le lieu d’une mise à l’épreuve des catégories démocratiques encore liées à l’idéal moderne du territoire. Il appert ainsi que l’examen des dispositifs de prospective territoriale présente un intérêt pour l’analyse de la dimension spatiale de l’action politique, comme pour celle des modalités évolutives de l’action publique. / Territorial Foresight Studies, developed in France at the end of the 1960s based on the application of philosopher Gaston Berger’s work to territorial management, has today become an area for numerous approaches at the state level as well as at the level of regional and local authorities. This thesis proposes to question the meaning of the heterogeneous practices to which it has given rise, and undertake, to that end, to denaturalize Foresight Studies which have become, in their various translations into the mechanisms of public decision, an “object” of imprecise outline. We propose to understand Foresight Studies, first presented by Berger as a “rational technique” working to render action effective for Man, as an “instrument of governmentality”, or again, an “instrument of public action” productive of norms (and in particular territorial norms), as well as to underline the consequences of the metamorphoses in political regulation on the state of this “foresight tool” and its effects. As a cognitive rationality (a mode of knowledge about territory), territorial foresight appears, on the one hand, to prepare for a return to the anthropological question: it becomes societal, ever more attentive to spatial practices; yet as political rationality (a mode of institutional and territorial administration), its approaches become, on the other hand, the site at which are tested democratic categories still tied to the modern ideal of territory. Evidently, the examination of apparatuses of territorial foresight are of interest for the analysis of the spatial dimension of political action, as well as for the evolutionary modalities of public action.