Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003. / Thesis advisor(s): James Russell, Peter R. Lavoy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-79). Also available online.

Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003. / Title from title screen (viewed Dec. 15, 2003). "September 2003." Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-85). Also issued in paper format.

Thesis (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 61 p. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40).

Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003. / Thesis advisor(s): Orin Marvel, Curt Schleher. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-74). Also available online.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences / Department of Government and Public Administration

Ο πόλεμος στην αρχαία Ελλάδα ήταν συχνό φαινόμενο. Μάλιστα, ο τρόπος με τον οποίο τον αντιμετώπιζε η κοινωνία της εποχής αντανακλά τις αξίες και τα ιδανικά της, τη φιλοσοφία, την ελευθερία, τα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά του αρχαίου ελληνικού κόσμου που μεταξύ άλλων οδήγησαν στο μεγαλείο του. Έτσι, από μικρή ηλικία τα αγόρια άρχιζαν να γυμνάζονται ώστε να γίνουν καλοί και ικανοί πολεμιστές. Το «νοῦς ὑγιής ἐν σώματι ὑγιεί» έβρισκε εφαρμογή και στην πολεμική εκπαίδευση των νέων. Εκτός από την εκγύμναση και την ανάπτυξη των σωματικών ικανοτήτων οι αρχαίοι Έλληνες θεωρούσαν απαραίτητη την παράλληλη ανάπτυξη του πνεύματος. Γι’ αυτό τα παιδιά μάθαιναν γραφή, ανάγνωση, μαθηματικά και μουσική καθώς ελάμβαναν τη στρατιωτική τους εκπαίδευση . Οι λόγοι που οδηγούσαν σε πολεμικές συρράξεις κατά την αρχαιότητα ήταν ποικίλοι. Αφορμή για την έναρξη μίας πολεμικής σύγκρουσης μπορεί να ήταν μία προσβολή, ένα περιστατικό, η ύβρις κ.ά. Όμως, οι πραγματικοί λόγοι που οδηγούσαν στην κήρυξη του πολέμου, οι βαθύτερες αιτίες που οδηγούσαν σε αυτόν δεν διέφεραν πολύ από τις αιτίες πολέμου της σύγχρονης εποχής. Πολιτικοί ή οικονομικοί λόγοι, επεκτατική πολιτική, η επιβολή της δύναμης και της εξουσίας του ισχυρού ήταν και εκείνη την εποχή αιτίες για τις οποίες οι πόλεις – κράτη οδηγούνταν σε πολεμικές συρράξεις. Οι μάχες αποτελούν αντικείμενο μελέτης από πολλές απόψεις. Ιδιαίτερα ενδιαφέρον είναι το κομμάτι της στρατηγικής και των τακτικών που οι ηγέτες συνήθιζαν να ακολουθούν ή εφάρμοσαν σε συγκεκριμένες, νικηφόρες ή μη, μάχες. Ακόμα, οι ερευνητές ασχολούνται με τα όπλα που χρησιμοποιούνταν και την εξέλιξή τους με την πάροδο των αιώνων και τον τρόπο με τον οποίο οι φαινομενικά ασήμαντοι, μη σχετικοί με τον πόλεμο εξωτερικοί παράγοντες (π.χ. καιρός, μορφολογία εδάφους κ.ά) επηρεάζουν την επιλογή όπλων και τακτικών. Το κεντρικό θέμα με το οποίο ασχολείται η παρούσα εργασία είναι η διεξαγωγή των μαχών και των πολέμων στον αρχαίο ελληνικό κόσμο. Σκοπός της είναι να μελετήσει τα όπλα που χρησιμοποιούσαν οι πολεμιστές της αρχαίας εποχής, αλλά και τις τακτικές που ακολουθούσαν κατά τη διεξαγωγή των μαχών. Η μέθοδος που έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί στην εργασία είναι η ανασκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας. Τα στοιχεία που προέκυψαν από τη μελέτη των βιβλιογραφικών πηγών καταγράφηκαν τόσο βάσει του θέματός τους όσο και χρονολογικά, ώστε να γίνει κατανοητή η εξέλιξη των διαφόρων όπλων και τακτικών με την πάροδο του χρόνου. Παράλληλα, δόθηκε έμφαση στην κατανόηση και παρουσίαση όλων των παραγόντων, κοινωνικών, πολιτικών, οικονομικών,ιδεολογικών, που συνέβαλαν στις μεταβολές πρώτα του τρόπου σκέψης των πολιτών της εποχής και έπειτα στη στρατιωτική οργάνωση των πόλεων. / The war in ancient Greece was a common phenomenon. Indeed, the way in which the society faces era reflects the values ​​and ideals, philosophy, freedom, the particular characteristics of the ancient Greek world which inter alia led to greatness. So , from an early age boys started working out to become good and capable warriors . The " healthy mind in a healthy body " and he found application in military training of young people. Apart from the training and development of physical abilities ancient Greeks considered necessary parallel development of the spirit . That is why children learn reading, writing , mathematics and music as receiving their military training . The reasons that led to warfare in ancient times were varied. Occasion to start a military conflict may have been an insult , an incident, hubris , etc. But the real reasons that led to the declaration of war , the root causes that led to it were not very different from the causes of war of the modern era . Political or economic reasons , expansionary policy , the imposition of the strength and power of the mighty was that time for reasons which cities - states were led to warfare . The battles are being studied in many ways . Particularly interesting is the piece of the strategy and tactics that leaders tended to follow or applied to specific , victorious or not fighting. Still, the researchers involved in the weapons used and their evolution over the centuries and how seemingly insignificant , not relevant to the war external factors ( eg weather , topography , etc. ) affect selecting weapons and tactics. The central issue addressed by this work is the conduct of battles and wars in the ancient Greek world . Its purpose is to examine the weapons used by the warriors of ancient times , but the tactics followed when conducting battles . The method has been used in the work is to review the literature . The data from the study of literature sources were recorded under both their subject and chronologically, to understand the evolution of various weapons and tactics over time . At the same time , emphasis was placed on understanding and presentation of all the factors , social , political, economic , ideological , which contributed to changes early thinking citizens of the season and then the military organization of cities .

No description available.

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the U.S. nuclear weapons arsenal in covering security commitments with its foreign allies, particularly Japan. The U.S. has promised to defend allies all over the world with nuclear forces, and consequently has been forced into a delicate and precarious position. President Barack Obama wants to reach nuclear zero, which would make the world safe from nuclear destruction in the future; yet he also wants to provide security for allied nations in the present, using the
very weapons he has marked for destruction. And he is facing an aging Cold War-era nuclear arsenal that needs serious repairs and upgrades in order to remain a credible and capable deterrent. This paper argues that while the U.S nuclear posture up to this point has been satisfactory enough to prevent panic and ensure protection of Japan, the evolving nuclear posture from this point onward will strengthen the credibility of existing security commitments, deter potential attackers, and give Japan the confidence to become a more coordinated partner in the relationship. Components of the paper include the evolution of U.S. nuclear strategy and deterrence, the three historical occurrences of tensions between the U.S. and Japan over nuclear issues, and the current concerns and actions in the alliance today.

Faced with America's conventional military superiority, many countries are turning to weapons of mass destruction as a means to deter U.S. intervention in their affairs. At the same time, 11 September 2001 awakened the United States to a degree of vulnerability it had never experienced before, making it increasingly unwilling to tolerate such weapons in the hands of unstable and unpredictable regimes, particularly those with connections to terrorist organizations. These twin fears of American encroachment and American vulnerability create a modern security dilemma, forming a vicious cycle of insecurity that challenge straditional notions of deterrence. It is unquestionable that the United States possesses the strategic capabilities to retaliate with devastating effect to any attack, but regional asymmetries of interest may tip the scales of brinksmanship in favor of potential adversaries, thereby dissuading American involvement in responding to global security threats. While this might be a welcome change to some, the United States is developing Counter proliferation options to prevent, protect against, or destroy threatening weapons reserving the right to use preemptive force in order to retain freedom of action abroad and protect the homeland. This is a worthwhile objective, but deterrence will never be guaranteed by American strength, and unprovoked wars of disarmament will inevitably spark yet further proliferation and hatred toward the United States. Ultimately, the only reliable road to peace lies in nurturing and broadening friendly relations with nations that share the goal of destroying the threat posed by catastrophic weapons of mass murder and terror.

Thesis (M.S.)--Joint Miitary Intelligence College, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-72).