Thesis (Doctoral)--University of Stockholm, 1983. / Cover title. Abstract and summary in English and Swedish. English title: Nutritive values of wild Swedish plants : analyses and physiological studies of different components, with special reference to carbohydrates, proteins and ascorbic acid"--P. 1. Author's "Vilda växter som füda under 10 dagar vid en 250 km lang överlevnadsmarsch" appended as Supplement. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2004. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 62-63.

Thesis (M.Agr.St.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.

Submitted by ÁGHATA REGINA DE OLIVEIRA ALVES PALMEIRA null (gataegu@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-28T17:41:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação mestrado - Aghata R O A Palmeira.pdf: 2700462 bytes, checksum: b24495d6d208f380437b17f49034841c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-03-29T17:36:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 palmeira_aroa_me_bot.pdf: 2700462 bytes, checksum: b24495d6d208f380437b17f49034841c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-29T17:36:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 palmeira_aroa_me_bot.pdf: 2700462 bytes, checksum: b24495d6d208f380437b17f49034841c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A família Trypanosomatidae é constituída por diversas espécies de protozoários que causam doenças em humanos e outros animais. Destacam-se os protozoários Leishmania spp. causadores das leishmanioses e Trypanosoma spp. causadores da doença de Chagas. O cão doméstico é considerado o principal reservatório da leishmaniose no meio urbano, porém o homem e animais silvestres também podem ser infectados atuando como reservatórios de tripanossomatídeos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de Leishmania spp. e Trypanosoma spp. em amostras provenientes de animais silvestres atropelados, procedentes do estado de Santa Catarina pela técnica molecular de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), a fim de mapear e identificar áreas de risco para a infecção humana. Foram coletadas 1063 amostras de tecido pulmão, fígado, baço, pele e coração de 297 animais silvestres. Utilizou-se primers LITST/L5.8S e LITSV/L5.8SR para triagem da família Trypanosomatidae, onde 12 amostras de sete roedores foram positivas. Na pesquisa de L. infantum e T. cruzi foram utilizados primers específicos, LCS1/LCS3 e TCZ1/TCZ2 respectivamente, sendo todas as amostras foram negativas. O sequenciamento foi realizado a partir das amostras positivas e nove amostras apresentaram similaridade entre 79% a 100% com Trypanosoma brucei (GenBank KX700175.1), Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (GenBank XM_011780373.1), Trypanosoma vivax (GenBank HE573020.1), Trypanosoma rangeli (GenBank KJ742907.1) e com o gênero Trypanosoma. Os animais foram, Oxymycterus sp. (rato do brejo), Scapteromys sp. (rato d’ àgua), Nectomys squamipes (rato d’ àgua) e dois Oligoryzomys sp. (rato do mato). Verifica-se que a localização dos animais positivos foi próxima as atividades de indústria, comércio e lazer, permitindo o contato entre animais e homem, facilitando a manutenção de agentes infecciosos de caráter zoonótico. Os resultados aqui obtidos mostram a problemática da larga ocorrência de animais silvestres atropelados em nossas estradas, ao mesmo tempo em que enfatiza sobre o aproveitamento deste importante recurso biológico para o estudo da ocorrência ambiental de patógenos. / The family Trypanosomatidae consists several species of protozoans that cause diseases in humans and other animals. Leishmania spp. is responsible to cause leishmaniasis diseases and Trypanosoma cruzi cause Chagas disease. The domestic dog is considered the main reservoir of leishmaniasis, although wild animals can also be acting as reservoirs of trypanosomatids. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of the Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma spp in samples from wild animals from Santa Catarina State, using the molecular technique Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), in order to map and identify risk areas for human infection. A total of 1,063 tissue samples of lung, liver, spleen, skin and heart of 297 wild animals. Primers (LITST / L5.8S and LITSV / L5.8SR) were used for screening of Trypanosomatidae family, with samples from seven rodents were positive. In the research of L. infantum and T. cruzi specific primers were used, where all the samples were used, LCS1 / LCS3 and TCZ1 / TCZ2 respectively, all of which were negative. Sequencing was performed from the positive samples and nine samples from five animals showed similarity between 79% to 100% with Trypanosoma brucei (GenBank KX700175.1), Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (GenBank XM_011780373.1), Trypanosoma vivax (GenBank HE573020.1), Trypanosoma rangeli (GenBank KJ742907.1) and the genus Trypanosoma spp. The animals were, Oxymycterus sp. (marsh rat), Scapteromys sp. (water rat), Nectomys squamipes (water rat) and two Oligoryzomys sp. (bush rat). It is found that the location of the positive animals were near to the activities of industry, market and recreation, allowing the contact between animals and man, facilitating the maintenance of agents of infectious zoonotic diseases. The results obtained here show the problem of the frequent occurrence of road-killed wild animals in our roads, while emphasizing the use of this important biological resource to study the environmental occurrence of pathogens. It is found that the location of the positive animals. / Fapesp: 2015/17519-4

A Floresta Atlântica, principalmente sua porção localizada no interior do Estado de São Paulo, encontra-se altamente fragmentada e seus remanescentes, em sua maioria, encontram-se envoltos por uma matriz essencialmente agrícola. Este estudo foi realizado no Campus "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, localizado no município de Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo. O mesmo encontra-se inserido no perímetro urbano da cidade de Piracicaba, tendo como limite duas rodovias e o Rio Piracicaba. A paisagem da área de estudo caracteriza-se por um mosaico de pequena áreas florestais envoltas por áreas de pastagens, agricultura e florestamento com espécies exóticas. Os objetivos principais do presente estudo foram: levantamento de mamíferos não-voadores, em escala local, incluindo sua distribuição e abundância de acordo com o mosaico de ambientes resultantes do expressivo impacto causado pelo desenvolvimento humano na área. A coleta de pequenos mamíferos ocorreu durante nove meses, entre fevereiro e outubro de 2001, com um esforço de 7056 armadilhas/dia, tendo sido amostrados sete dos ambientes mais representativos do Campus(florestamento de Eucalyptus e Pinus, fragmento florestal nativo, várzea, plantio de seringueira, área de agricultura e área de pastagem). Para o registro de mamíferos de médio e grande portes foi construída uma trilha pelo Campus, que foi percorrida durante 12 meses, entre novembro de 2000 e outubro de 2001, no período da manhã e da tarde. Em todo o Campus foram registradas 16 espécies de mamíferos não-voadores, sendo dez de médio e grande portes e seis de pequeno porte, sendo a capivara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) e o coati (Nasua nasua) as espécies mais abundantes. / The remaining portion of the Atlantic Forest within the State of Sao Paulo is highly fragmented and most of the remainders are wrapped up in an essentially agricultural mosaic. This study aims local surveying of non-flying mammals, including their distribution and relative abundance within the humanimpacted environments of Campus "Luiz de Queiroz", University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, an urbanized area bordered by two highways and the Piracicaba River. The landscape of the study area is characterized by a mosaic of small forest fragments surrounded by pastures, agriculture, and planted forests. Small mammals were captured from February to October, 2001, with an effort of 7056 traps.day -1 , sampling seven of the most representative environments of the Campus – planted Eucalyptus and Pinus forests, native forest fragments, meadow, rubber tree plantation, agriculture and pasture areas. Occurrence of medium and large frame mammals was recorded daily (morning and afternoon) from November of 2000 to October of 2001 along a trail set up to merge the studied environments. Sixteen species of non-flying mammals were recorded, ten of medium or big frames, and six of small frame. Capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) and coati (Nasua nasua) were the most abundant species.

The number of African wild dogs Lycaon pictus in Northern KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa has increased substantially over the last six years. This is largely due to a managed metapopulation approach of introductions onto protected areas and private game reserves since 1998. Because of the increasing wild dog population, the likelihood of rural communities surrounding protected areas encountering dispersing wild dogs in northern KwaZulu‐Natal has also increased. Resident wild dog populations currently occur in Hluhluwe‐iMfolozi Park (HiP), Mkhuze Game Reserve (MGR) of Isimangaliso Wetland Park and Thanda Private Game Reserve (TPGR) all of which are bordered by a matrix of natural habitats and human settlements. Thus, land outside these protected areas could be utilized to expand wild dog distribution and provide connectivity between existing resident populations of wild dogs within KwaZulu‐Natal. To investigate the viability of such an approach, Maximum Entropy Modelling (Maxent) was used to characterize habitat niche selection of dispersing wild dogs, and to identify potential dispersal linkages between current wild dog metapopulation reserves. The model was calibrated using 132 location points collected from 2006 until 2009. From 2008 to 2009 I also conducted a survey of 247 community members in tribal authorities bordering HiP and MGR, to understand factors influencing attitudes towards wild dogs. A habitat suitability model with seven predictor variables had an AUC of 0.96 (SD = 0.02) and indicated four variables which best predicted probability of presence for dispersing wild dogs: elevation, road density, land cover and human density. The results suggest that elevation and land cover may be of greater influence for dispersing wild dogs than human density or activity. Elevation was the single most effective variable indicating a higher probability of presence for dispersing wild dogs in lower lying locations; peaking at approximately 200 – 300m a.s.l. Wild dogs also showed a preference for Woodland and Bushland habitats which in KwaZulu‐Natal tend to be found on lower lying topography. A preference for areas of lower human density and a highest probability of presence at road densities of approximately 0.7km/km2 or less would suggest that while wild dogs may show a tendency to avoid areas of high human activity, they can coexist in close proximity to humans. Respondent’s attitudes, knowledge of wild dogs and livestock husbandry were interpreted by the development of a set of indices. Attitudes were positively related to formal education levels and wild dog‐specific education, but were not influenced by demographic factors such as gender, age and employment status. Eighty three percent of respondents believed efforts to protect wild dogs should continue. Respondents with higher numbers of livestock tended to have more positive attitudes towards wild dogs despite generally incurring higher losses to carnivore depredation than those with less livestock. This appears to be because the financial burden of livestock losses to those with fewer livestock is perceived to be a loss of a greater proportion of total financial wealth. The study highlighted the substantial scope for improvement in livestock management. Theft (34 percent), drought (30 percent) and disease (14 percent) were ranked as the greatest problems facing livestock owners while predators were ranked as the greatest problem by only 4 percent of respondents. My findings suggest that wild dogs are generally viewed positively or with ambivalence. Concerns over the potentially increasing threat to livestock, as natural prey numbers outside protected areas decline and wild dogs disperse from natal packs, are likely to be manageable. However, wild dog population expansion within KwaZulu‐Natal will continue to rely on managed core populations on perimeter‐fenced metapopulation reserves with tolerant communities and landowners contributing to the connectivity of isolated reserves. Generation of tolerance can be instilled through continued advocacy and education, supported by conflict mitigation initiatives and rapid response to conflict reports. The implementation of incentive schemes for adjoining private landowners to co‐manage wild dog populations will need to be addressed in conjunction with managed metapopulation practices and law enforcement, to promote range expansion, and reduce potentially lethal edge effects and wild dog‐human conflict.

This collection of papers comprises four sections. The first section deals with the helminth and arthropod parasites recovered from a variety of mammalian hosts, and consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with the taxonomy of the parasites of mammalian hosts, where some 15 nematode species were either newly described, redescribed or descriptions amended, and the immature stages of an oestrid fly and the adults of two hippoboscid flies described. The second describes the seasonal occurrence of arthropod and helminth parasites recovered from approximately 1 380 antelope, scrub hares, warthogs and bushpigs. In the third chapter some miscellaneous natural and experimental findings of helminths in free-living hosts are presented, amongst others several new host-parasite associations and the proceedings of symposia, while the fourth chapter deals with the pathology of natural infections of impalas with Cooperiodes hepaticae, kudus with Elaeophora sagitta and buffaloes with Parafilaria bassoni. The second section deals with the parasites of freshwater fishes. In the taxonomic part of this section, Chapter 1, one trematode genus is redescribed, and one new trematode species and 14 new nematode species described. In the second chapter, the seasonal occurrence of the helminth parasites of approximately 700 freshwater fish representing 14 species is presented. The third part deals with the helminths of lizards, snakes and crocodiles, where a new Paraspirura species, a new Madathamugadia species and some 14 new species, subspecies and forms of subspecies of the oxyurid genera Spauligodon, Skrjabinodon, Thelandros and Tachygonetria were described. A comprehensive host-parasite list of snakes and lizards is included, as is an equally comprehensive host-parasite list of the pentastome parasites of crocodiles. In the fourth part, two new Tetrameres species are described and the population dynamics of guineafowls and Swainson’s spurfowl discussed. A complete list of the helminth parasites of guineafowls is listed, together with an extended host list of these parasites. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted

Tailored wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) juice clarification process is a fundamental step in improving its appearance and consumer acceptability. The purpose of this research was to investigate the mineral and proximate composition of wild watermelon juice (Citrullus lanatus) and to design an optimum processing condition for the enzymatic clarification of the juice. This investigation will help identify the sustainable processing parameters (incubation time, incubation temperature, and enzyme concentration) for ultimate clarification. Wild watermelon juice was treated with pectinase enzyme at different concentrations (0.05 to 0.15 w/w%), incubation temperatures (30 - 50 ͦ C), and incubation times (60 - 180 min). The different process parameters were utilised with each sample treated individually to determine their effect on selected responses: turbidity, clarity, viscosity, L* value, and brix. It was determined that the incubation temperature was the most crucial factor affecting the physiochemical properties of the juice as it exerted a significant influence on most (turbidity, absorbance, and viscosity) of the clarity attributes of the juice. Incubation time significantly affected turbidity and percent brix, whereas enzyme concentration only significantly affected percent brix of the juice. The optimum conditions for juice clarification were established by the Response Surface Methodology at the following parameters: enzyme concentration 0.15 w/w%, incubation time 60 min, and incubation temperature 60 ͦ C. The optimum output parameters at the following: turbidity: 14.18 NTU; clarity: 0.04 Abs; colour: 52.30 L value; viscosity: 1.96 cps; brix: 3.08 %. It may be useful to investigate the optimum parameters for other juices. / Life and Consumer Sciences / M. Sc. (Consumer Science)

Biofilms are a common mode of yeast growth in which cells adhere to each other and adhere to abiotic surfaces to form complex multicellular structures. Living together in biofilms provides cells with several beneficial features compared to planktonic cells. Undoubtedly, protection and resistance are advantages of life inside colony biofilms. Biofilms are found in many environments and play many important roles in commercial industries. However, biofilms can also be extremely dangerous in clinical settings. There is thus great interest in studying biofilms and how to eliminate them. In this study, we used wild yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae colony biofilm as an ideal system to investigate potential functions of the yeast Cyc8-Tup1 transcriptional corepressor complex in the regulation of yeast adhesion, and biofilm formation on agar and at solid-liquid interfaces. Unexpectedly, we have found that Cyc8p and Tup1p antagonistically control the formation of structured biofilm colonies on agar and FLO11 expression. Cyc8p itself acts as a key repressor of FLO11, whereas Tup1p promotes the formation of biofilm colonies and induces FLO11 expression by inhibiting the repressive function of Cyc8p and preventing Flo11p degradation possibly by inhibiting an extracellular protease. In addition, other features...