This thesis analyses the Comité Régional d'Action Viticole (CRAV), an active force in the French wine industry since the mid-1960s that has consistently mobilised militant winegrowers in response to economic crisis. Their role has expanded to represent not only the Midi's viticultural heritage, but also a peculiar brand of regional nationalism. They invoked the memory of the "Grande révolte" of 1907, which saw hundreds of thousands mobilise against foreign wine imports, financial speculation and ineffective regulation. The legacy of 1907 will be considered in the context of its regionalist significance and the development of political Occitanisme, binding Oc and Vine at the beginning of the century. The prominent role of winegrowing since 1907 had seen a compact between winegrowers, local elites and the Socialist Party develop. Yet, this began to slowly disintegrate as government programmes targeted the amelioration of Languedoc wine from the early 1970s. Whilst this project embittered winegrowers, events like the shootout at Montredon in 1976 and the torching of a Leclerc store in 1984 saw the CRAV breach the frontiers of acceptability and alienate traditional supporters. Demographic change, economic development and the stain of violent protest all chipped away at the CRAV's rebellious appeal. This regional compact will be analysed both to gauge the impact of development upon regional identity and to understand changing conceptions of modernity in the agricultural South. The CRAV's survival is testament to their continuing relevance, despite being painted variously as terrorists, revolutionaries and militant syndicalists. These labels were fleeting, but their identity as winegrowers, Languedociens and their desire to live and work their land for a living wage have remained their defining characteristics. This thesis will analyse the limits of these identities and answer broader questions about the tension between regional development and defence against the backdrop of an increasingly global marketplace.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o setor vitivinícola de Santana do Livramento enquanto processo de desenvolvimento tramado pela interação social promovida entre os atores que dele participam, para o que foi descrita a organização dos mesmos; identificadas as respectivas peculiaridades relacionais, bem como suas possíveis influências sobre o desenvolvimento do espaço analisado; e, também, identificadas as possibilidades de cooperação vitivinícola entre o município fronteiriço de Santana do Livramento, no Brasil, e a Intendência de Rivera, no Uruguai. A motivação para a realização deste estudo surgiu a partir da idéia de problematizar o que advém tanto do senso comum, como das políticas públicas; ou seja, de que a Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul vem sendo marcada pela estagnação, sobretudo econômica. Para dar conta do objetivo visado, primeiramente, foi tecida uma problemática do estudo quanto a seus aspectos históricos, marcados pela ocupação territorial do novo mundo. Em seguida, justificou-se a escolha do espaço geográfico de estudo e foram descritas as principais unidades representativas da cultura local: as estâncias e o gaúcho. Além disso, foi apresentado um apanhado geral da economia de Santana do Livramento, durante o século XX e início do século XXI. Destacou-se o processo histórico do cultivo de uva e produção de vinhos no Rio Grande do Sul e de sua presença na Região da Campanha Gaúcha Como fundamentos teóricos que orientaram este estudo de caso, destacaram-se as noções de espaço vivido (FRÉMONT, 1980), lugar-global e lugar-local (VIEIRA E VIEIRA, 2003), combinação regional (FRÉMONT, 1980), cidade (FISCHER, 1996, 2006), interação social (CHARON, 2004), desenvolvimento regional (BOISIER, 1992, 1996, 2000) e desenvolvimento contemporâneo (BECKER, 2000). Para atender aos objetivos deste estudo, recorreu-se às técnicas de pesquisa histórica e descritiva, observação direta, entrevistas em profundidade, questionários e análise de conteúdo. Como resultados da pesquisa, foram encontrados vinícolas auto-suficientes e viticultores-autônomos que implicam de forma importante nas práticas locais e na forja de um modelo de produção calcado na técnica e tecnologia. Identificou-se, no enoturismo, possibilidade de cooperação entre Santana do Livramento e Rivera. E, por fim, o estudo revelou a expansão da vitivinicultura para outros municípios da Região da Campanha Gaúcha, evidenciando que o setor representa uma realidade viva, ativa e dinâmica da designada Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. / The purpose of this research is to analyse winegrowing field in Santana do Livramento as a development process arranged by social interaction among actors, describing their organisation; peculiarities of relationship established among participants were idenfied as well as its possible influences on development of the analysed space; and possibilities of winegrowing cooperation between frontier city of Santana do Livramento, in Brazil, and Rivera, in Uruguay were identified. The motivation for this research came from idea of studying what is perceived as common sense and as public policies: the belief that southern half of Rio Grande do Sul is stagnant, over all economically. To achieve the aim, initially historical aspects were investigated, which were marked by territorial occupation by Europeans. Afterwards, the choice of this geographical space was justified and main representative units of local culture were described: "estância" and "gaúcho". Furthermore, a summary of Santana do Livramento economy was introduced, during 20th and beginning of 21th century. The historical process of culture of grape and production of wine in Rio Grande do Sul and its presence in Campanha Gaúcha region were emphasized. Among theoretical basis that led this case study, notion of lived space (FRÉMONT, 1980), global place and local place (VIEIRA E VIEIRA, 2003), regional combination (FRÉMONT, 1980), city (FISCHER, 1996, 2006), social interaction (CHARON, 2004), regional development (BOISIER, 1992, 1996, 2000) and contemporary development (BECKER, 2000) were distinguishe In order to reach the objectives of this research, the following methods were utilized: historical and descriptive search, direct observation, in-depth interviews, surveys and content analysis. As results, the existence of self-sufficient wineries and autonomous grape-growers which influence on local practices and on construction of a production standard based on technique and technology were identified. It was identified on wine tourism a possibility of cooperation between Santana do Livramento and Rivera. Finally, this study allowed to appraise winegrowing expansion from Santana do Livramento to surrounding municipalities, revealing that the sector represents an alive, active and dynamic reality on the geographic space called southern half of Rio Grande do Sul.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o setor vitivinícola de Santana do Livramento enquanto processo de desenvolvimento tramado pela interação social promovida entre os atores que dele participam, para o que foi descrita a organização dos mesmos; identificadas as respectivas peculiaridades relacionais, bem como suas possíveis influências sobre o desenvolvimento do espaço analisado; e, também, identificadas as possibilidades de cooperação vitivinícola entre o município fronteiriço de Santana do Livramento, no Brasil, e a Intendência de Rivera, no Uruguai. A motivação para a realização deste estudo surgiu a partir da idéia de problematizar o que advém tanto do senso comum, como das políticas públicas; ou seja, de que a Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul vem sendo marcada pela estagnação, sobretudo econômica. Para dar conta do objetivo visado, primeiramente, foi tecida uma problemática do estudo quanto a seus aspectos históricos, marcados pela ocupação territorial do novo mundo. Em seguida, justificou-se a escolha do espaço geográfico de estudo e foram descritas as principais unidades representativas da cultura local: as estâncias e o gaúcho. Além disso, foi apresentado um apanhado geral da economia de Santana do Livramento, durante o século XX e início do século XXI. Destacou-se o processo histórico do cultivo de uva e produção de vinhos no Rio Grande do Sul e de sua presença na Região da Campanha Gaúcha Como fundamentos teóricos que orientaram este estudo de caso, destacaram-se as noções de espaço vivido (FRÉMONT, 1980), lugar-global e lugar-local (VIEIRA E VIEIRA, 2003), combinação regional (FRÉMONT, 1980), cidade (FISCHER, 1996, 2006), interação social (CHARON, 2004), desenvolvimento regional (BOISIER, 1992, 1996, 2000) e desenvolvimento contemporâneo (BECKER, 2000). Para atender aos objetivos deste estudo, recorreu-se às técnicas de pesquisa histórica e descritiva, observação direta, entrevistas em profundidade, questionários e análise de conteúdo. Como resultados da pesquisa, foram encontrados vinícolas auto-suficientes e viticultores-autônomos que implicam de forma importante nas práticas locais e na forja de um modelo de produção calcado na técnica e tecnologia. Identificou-se, no enoturismo, possibilidade de cooperação entre Santana do Livramento e Rivera. E, por fim, o estudo revelou a expansão da vitivinicultura para outros municípios da Região da Campanha Gaúcha, evidenciando que o setor representa uma realidade viva, ativa e dinâmica da designada Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. / The purpose of this research is to analyse winegrowing field in Santana do Livramento as a development process arranged by social interaction among actors, describing their organisation; peculiarities of relationship established among participants were idenfied as well as its possible influences on development of the analysed space; and possibilities of winegrowing cooperation between frontier city of Santana do Livramento, in Brazil, and Rivera, in Uruguay were identified. The motivation for this research came from idea of studying what is perceived as common sense and as public policies: the belief that southern half of Rio Grande do Sul is stagnant, over all economically. To achieve the aim, initially historical aspects were investigated, which were marked by territorial occupation by Europeans. Afterwards, the choice of this geographical space was justified and main representative units of local culture were described: "estância" and "gaúcho". Furthermore, a summary of Santana do Livramento economy was introduced, during 20th and beginning of 21th century. The historical process of culture of grape and production of wine in Rio Grande do Sul and its presence in Campanha Gaúcha region were emphasized. Among theoretical basis that led this case study, notion of lived space (FRÉMONT, 1980), global place and local place (VIEIRA E VIEIRA, 2003), regional combination (FRÉMONT, 1980), city (FISCHER, 1996, 2006), social interaction (CHARON, 2004), regional development (BOISIER, 1992, 1996, 2000) and contemporary development (BECKER, 2000) were distinguishe In order to reach the objectives of this research, the following methods were utilized: historical and descriptive search, direct observation, in-depth interviews, surveys and content analysis. As results, the existence of self-sufficient wineries and autonomous grape-growers which influence on local practices and on construction of a production standard based on technique and technology were identified. It was identified on wine tourism a possibility of cooperation between Santana do Livramento and Rivera. Finally, this study allowed to appraise winegrowing expansion from Santana do Livramento to surrounding municipalities, revealing that the sector represents an alive, active and dynamic reality on the geographic space called southern half of Rio Grande do Sul.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o setor vitivinícola de Santana do Livramento enquanto processo de desenvolvimento tramado pela interação social promovida entre os atores que dele participam, para o que foi descrita a organização dos mesmos; identificadas as respectivas peculiaridades relacionais, bem como suas possíveis influências sobre o desenvolvimento do espaço analisado; e, também, identificadas as possibilidades de cooperação vitivinícola entre o município fronteiriço de Santana do Livramento, no Brasil, e a Intendência de Rivera, no Uruguai. A motivação para a realização deste estudo surgiu a partir da idéia de problematizar o que advém tanto do senso comum, como das políticas públicas; ou seja, de que a Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul vem sendo marcada pela estagnação, sobretudo econômica. Para dar conta do objetivo visado, primeiramente, foi tecida uma problemática do estudo quanto a seus aspectos históricos, marcados pela ocupação territorial do novo mundo. Em seguida, justificou-se a escolha do espaço geográfico de estudo e foram descritas as principais unidades representativas da cultura local: as estâncias e o gaúcho. Além disso, foi apresentado um apanhado geral da economia de Santana do Livramento, durante o século XX e início do século XXI. Destacou-se o processo histórico do cultivo de uva e produção de vinhos no Rio Grande do Sul e de sua presença na Região da Campanha Gaúcha Como fundamentos teóricos que orientaram este estudo de caso, destacaram-se as noções de espaço vivido (FRÉMONT, 1980), lugar-global e lugar-local (VIEIRA E VIEIRA, 2003), combinação regional (FRÉMONT, 1980), cidade (FISCHER, 1996, 2006), interação social (CHARON, 2004), desenvolvimento regional (BOISIER, 1992, 1996, 2000) e desenvolvimento contemporâneo (BECKER, 2000). Para atender aos objetivos deste estudo, recorreu-se às técnicas de pesquisa histórica e descritiva, observação direta, entrevistas em profundidade, questionários e análise de conteúdo. Como resultados da pesquisa, foram encontrados vinícolas auto-suficientes e viticultores-autônomos que implicam de forma importante nas práticas locais e na forja de um modelo de produção calcado na técnica e tecnologia. Identificou-se, no enoturismo, possibilidade de cooperação entre Santana do Livramento e Rivera. E, por fim, o estudo revelou a expansão da vitivinicultura para outros municípios da Região da Campanha Gaúcha, evidenciando que o setor representa uma realidade viva, ativa e dinâmica da designada Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. / The purpose of this research is to analyse winegrowing field in Santana do Livramento as a development process arranged by social interaction among actors, describing their organisation; peculiarities of relationship established among participants were idenfied as well as its possible influences on development of the analysed space; and possibilities of winegrowing cooperation between frontier city of Santana do Livramento, in Brazil, and Rivera, in Uruguay were identified. The motivation for this research came from idea of studying what is perceived as common sense and as public policies: the belief that southern half of Rio Grande do Sul is stagnant, over all economically. To achieve the aim, initially historical aspects were investigated, which were marked by territorial occupation by Europeans. Afterwards, the choice of this geographical space was justified and main representative units of local culture were described: "estância" and "gaúcho". Furthermore, a summary of Santana do Livramento economy was introduced, during 20th and beginning of 21th century. The historical process of culture of grape and production of wine in Rio Grande do Sul and its presence in Campanha Gaúcha region were emphasized. Among theoretical basis that led this case study, notion of lived space (FRÉMONT, 1980), global place and local place (VIEIRA E VIEIRA, 2003), regional combination (FRÉMONT, 1980), city (FISCHER, 1996, 2006), social interaction (CHARON, 2004), regional development (BOISIER, 1992, 1996, 2000) and contemporary development (BECKER, 2000) were distinguishe In order to reach the objectives of this research, the following methods were utilized: historical and descriptive search, direct observation, in-depth interviews, surveys and content analysis. As results, the existence of self-sufficient wineries and autonomous grape-growers which influence on local practices and on construction of a production standard based on technique and technology were identified. It was identified on wine tourism a possibility of cooperation between Santana do Livramento and Rivera. Finally, this study allowed to appraise winegrowing expansion from Santana do Livramento to surrounding municipalities, revealing that the sector represents an alive, active and dynamic reality on the geographic space called southern half of Rio Grande do Sul.

Les pesticides utilisés en agriculture posent aujourd’hui des problèmes avérés sur le plan sanitaire et environnemental. Malgré l’implication du monde agricole et l’apport de financements publics significatifs, les politiques publiques déployées depuis 40 ans en matière d’agri-environnement peinent à atteindre leurs objectifs, là où les systèmes de production durables développés en réaction au modèle productiviste s’avèrent probants mais marginaux. La transition vers des systèmes de production plus respectueux de l’environnement demeure ainsi un défi pour les pouvoirs publics et l’agriculture conventionnelle : comment s’organiser collectivement pour « sortir des phytos » ? A partir de l’exemple d’un dispositif expérimental visant la suppression des herbicides en viticulture et initié par des professionnels de la filière, la thèse propose de réinterroger, par le prisme d’une sociologie de l’action, la capacité d’innovation du monde agricole et de réaction des pouvoirs publics en matière d’agri-environnement, en prenant comme clé de lecture l’analyse de l’action collective professionnelle se développant en-deçà des dispositifs institués d’action publique. La thèse montre que, dans de telles conditions, les objets, les mobiles et les collectifs de l’action environnementale ont pour propriétés d’être hétérogènes, équivoques, variables et flexibles, tout au long de leur mise en débat. Qu’il s’agisse des solutions alternatives mises en œuvre ou de leurs capacités de transfert, la pluralité et la variation des situations soulignent une impossibilité de standardisation, susceptible d’appeler des réponses institutionnelles différenciées pour un même problème d’environnement. / Pesticides used in agriculture are a known environmental problematic fact. Despite the involvement of agriculture and the contribution of significant public funding, agri-environmental public policies deployed for over 40 years struggle to achieve their goals, where sustainable production systems remain convincing but marginal. Faced with this context, designing and spreading alternative techniques to chemicals remains a challenge for government and professionals. From case of a professional project aiming at removing herbicides in the South West of France vineyards, this thesis proposes to re-examine, through the prism of a sociology that pay attention to action (less than actors), the innovation capacity of agriculture and the responsiveness of public authorities about agri-environment, focusing on the analysis of professional collective action as a way of regulating environmental public issues, and considering its development out, in parallel, upstream or below established public policies offer. The research shows that in such conditions, objects, mobiles and collectives comprised by environmental action are heterogeneous, ambiguous, variable and flexible, throughout their discussions. Plurality and change situations emphasize as much unpredictability of collective action that impossibility of standardization, that are likely to call (on the contrary) differentiated institutional responses to the same environmental problem.

This thesis describe the current situation of winegrowing in the territory of Znojmo, while also describe the evolution and assess the significance of the influence on the development of winemaking district - Znojmo, factors contributing to the regional development of winegrowing, forms of support for this sector, description of the problems in the winegrowing and what are the possibilities for further development of the region in connection with winegrowing. The theoretical part contains only shortly the basic theory of regional development, the thesis continues with a brief description Znojmo district, geographical and economic-social conditions of the territory, then briefly the evolution of winegrowing in the Czech Republic and in detail the evolution of winegrowing in the district of Znojmo. Furthermore author focused on legal aspects of winegrowing in the Czech Republic and the specific conditions of aid after the entry into the EU. Analytical part is focused on the questionnaire survey among inhabitants in the district of Znojmo and the elaboration of SWOT analysis. On the basis of it is then determined the rate of significance for the winegrowing district Znojmo and determined influential factors of development and indicated further opportunities for the development of the region in connection with winegrowing.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:47:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Fernando _Apel Miguel.pdf: 2365694 bytes, checksum: 7d9d98b6d57859a97870ad98e9d6d788 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-15 / This trial aimed at determining the S index using a drip irrigated viticulture in a nitossol. Twenty soil samples were collected for chemical analyses at the same familiar farm in Salto do Lontra city, southwestern Paraná. Richards chamber methodology was applied to make the water retention curve. Statistical process control was chosen to check which elements were under statistical control. Only three elements of the chemical properties were within control chart limits: phosphorus, calcium and aluminum. The calculated values of S index were below the critical value of S = 0.035, which means good physical condition of the soil. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o índice S para um Nitossolo sob viticultura irrigada por gotejamento. Foram coletadas 20 amostras de solo para análises químicas na mesma propriedade agrícola, no município de Salto do Lontra, Sudoeste do Paraná. Foi utilizada a metodologia da câmara de Richards para a confecção da curva de retenção de água no solo. O controle estatístico de processo foi usado para verificar quais elementos químicos estavam sob controle estatístico. Os elementos das propriedades químicas que se apresentaram dentro dos limites dos gráficos de controle foram: fósforo, cálcio e alumínio. Os valores calculados do índice S ficaram abaixo do valor crítico de S = 0,035, o que significa boa condição física do solo.

Much public attention has been given lately to the concept of sustainability, a notion which is increasingly viewed as a desirable goal of viticulture development and environmental management. The emergence of the sustainability concept has seen a concomitant rise in the interest of its measurement. It has been suggested that through the analysis of regulatory and non-regulatory methods, the attainment of how sustainable freshwater use in vineyards can be assessed. Regulation has to date been the policy tool of choice in regards to environmental protection. While regulation is often necessary, non-regulatory approaches may, in some circumstances, serve as useful supplements to an effective regulatory regime. There are a number of stages to achieving the aim of this research. The first is designed at galvanising New Zealand‟s will to stride out down the sustainability road through the development of the sustainable vineyard concept. Investigations into regulatory freshwater policies were undertaken to assess the relative efficacy of such methods in guiding vineyards in sustainable freshwater use. The research then explored the elements of freshwater use as they relate to non-regulatory methods for achieving sustainable environmental outcomes. Qualitative research was undertaken through the instigation of an email questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to provide an understanding of freshwater use in vineyards within Marlborough. The research focuses on the discussion of the methodological considerations which are important in developing a working framework for assessing how vineyards achieve sustainable freshwater use. The ideal properties and characteristics of sustainability are identified and critically examined. An evaluation of the different types of regulatory and non-regulatory policies on freshwater management are considered. Both regulatory and non-regulatory methods were seen to be significant in developing an operational framework, as they are capable of representing the management of freshwater use and sustainability practices in vineyards. It is observed that the policy goal of both regulatory and non-regulatory organisations in achieving sustainable freshwater outcomes generally cannot be attained to the full satisfaction of all the dimensions of sustainability. Rather, sustainable freshwater use could be considered as a „road‟ and not a fixed destination. Along the way, trade-offs and balances have to be made. It is up to individual vineyard managers to weight the various alternatives, with the policy and decision makers providing information upon which rational choices can be based. This research demonstrates the efficacy of regulatory and non-regulatory methods in guiding sustainable environmental outcomes. It appears that the „ideals‟ of policies, as outlined in the literature and data collected, recommend an overall adaptive management approach if achieving sustainable freshwater use is the ultimate goal.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:23:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Fernando _Apel Miguel.pdf: 2365694 bytes, checksum: 7d9d98b6d57859a97870ad98e9d6d788 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-15 / This trial aimed at determining the S index using a drip irrigated viticulture in a nitossol. Twenty soil samples were collected for chemical analyses at the same familiar farm in Salto do Lontra city, southwestern Paraná. Richards chamber methodology was applied to make the water retention curve. Statistical process control was chosen to check which elements were under statistical control. Only three elements of the chemical properties were within control chart limits: phosphorus, calcium and aluminum. The calculated values of S index were below the critical value of S = 0.035, which means good physical condition of the soil. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o índice S para um Nitossolo sob viticultura irrigada por gotejamento. Foram coletadas 20 amostras de solo para análises químicas na mesma propriedade agrícola, no município de Salto do Lontra, Sudoeste do Paraná. Foi utilizada a metodologia da câmara de Richards para a confecção da curva de retenção de água no solo. O controle estatístico de processo foi usado para verificar quais elementos químicos estavam sob controle estatístico. Os elementos das propriedades químicas que se apresentaram dentro dos limites dos gráficos de controle foram: fósforo, cálcio e alumínio. Os valores calculados do índice S ficaram abaixo do valor crítico de S = 0,035, o que significa boa condição física do solo.

Following the examples of foreign countries, there are institutions founded in the Czech Republic engaging with viticulture and winemaking. The Wine-grower's Fund is the most important and is the only institution winemakers are obliges to pay contributions from every litre of wine launching the market and from every hectare of vineyard. Furthermore, the Wine-grower's Fund is the only wine-growing institution financed from 50% from the state budget. The aim of this thesis is to ascertain the status of VF and commitments of which it generates, such as procurement contracts and to analyse if the projects financed by the Wine-grower's Fund are transparent. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter pays attention to the wine-growing history and the origin of each institution in the Czech Republic. The second chapter discusses the Wine-grower's Fund and is focused on the income and expenses of the Wine-grower's Fund. Lastly, the third chapter analyses selected projects financed by the Wine-grower's Fund.