Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:48:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DhiegoFC_DISSERT.pdf: 2315369 bytes, checksum: 0b56b1d402d2c768528a0bcc9847d87f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / A Wireless Mesh Network (WMN - Wireless Mesh Network) IEEE 802.11s standard to become operational it is necessary to configure the parameters that meet the demands of its users, as regards, for example, the frequency channels, the power antennas, IPs addresses, meshID, topology, among others. This configuration can be done via a CLI (Command - Line Interface) or a remote interface provided by the equipment manufacturer, both are not standardized and homogeneous, like black boxes for the developers, a factor that hinders its operation and standardization. The WMN, as a new standard, is still in the testing phase, and tests are necessary to evaluate the performance of Path Discovery Protocol, as in this case of HWMP (Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol), which still has many shortcomings. The configuration and test creation in a WMN are not trivial and require a large workload. For these reasons this work presents the AIGA, a Management Integrated Environment for WMN IEEE 802.11s, which aims to manage and perform testbeds for analyzes of new Path Discovery Protocols in a WMN / Por serem redes com diversas caracter?sticas interessantes como auto-organiza??o e toler?ncia a falhas, as Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) vem sendo estudadas a bastante tempo pela comunidade cient?fica. Muitos desses estudos tipicamente s?o conduzidos utilizando redes em ambientes controlados conhecidos como testbeds. Al?m disso, ap?s a conclus?o do processo de padroniza??o do IEEE 802.11s as WMN baseadas nessa tecnologia vem sendo cada vez mais utilizadas como redes de produ??o nas organiza??es. Como s?o redes bastante flex?veis no que diz respeito ao seu modo de opera??o, pois suportam um elevado n?mero de par?metros de configura??o, a tarefa de gerenciamento dessas redes tende a ser muito complexa. N?o existe uma configura??o ideal que atenda a qualquer cen?rio, sendo preciso identificar o conjunto de valores que oferecem o melhor desempenho para cada caso. Desse modo, ap?s a configura??o da rede ? importante verificar se ela se comporta conforme esperado. Para isso, ? necess?rio injetar tr?fego na rede e monitorar seu comportamento. Este trabalho prop?e o AIGA, um Ambiente Integrado de Ger?ncia para Redes em Malha Sem Fio IEEE 802.11s, que facilita o gerenciamento de WMNs de produ??o bem como da utiliza??o de testbeds para realiza??o de experimentos

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2319492 bytes, checksum: 7322dcd074c1c36c3d7750aad585ca51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The increasing popularity and demand of wireless networks, over the past few years, has led to new challenges that stimulate the development of technology to build better standards and protocols. In such a context arises the Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) which are low cost, self-organized and self-configurable networks that are easy to deploy and are fault tolerant. The WMN are aiming to achieve better performance, greater reliability and flexibility when compared to other wireless networks. These networks can provide an infrastructure consisting of dedicated devices for routing, strategically placed to achieve adequate coverage, providing connectivity within the coverage area for mobile clients. Therefore, these networks need to adapt to topology changes that can occur at any time. To allow this adjustment a routing protocol is required. An important component of a proactive routing protocol is a network topology discovery protocol, which disseminates link-state updates messages over the network. The proactive protocols usually have a high message overhead. However, a high message overhead has a major impact on the performance of a routing protocol and can lead to scalability problems. In such a context, the main contribution of this work is to build a reliable link-state dissemination protocol, called MLSD specially designed for RMSF whose goals are to reduce the messages overhead and reduce the total messages sent to advertise topology changes. / O aumento da popularidade e da demanda das redes sem fio ao longo dos últimos anos tem levado a novos desafios que estimulam o desenvolvimento da tecnologia na busca de melhores padrões e protocolos. Neste contexto, surgem as Redes em Malha Sem Fio - RMSF (Wireless Mesh Networks WMN), que são redes de baixo custo, que tem a capacidade de se organizar e se configurar automaticamente, de fácil implantação e com capacidade de tolerância a falhas. As RMSFs buscam alcançar melhor desempenho, maior confiabilidade e flexibilidade quando comparadas a outras redes sem fio. Estas redes podem fornecer uma infraestrutura formada por dispositivos dedicados à tarefa de roteamento, com seu posicionamento planejado para obter cobertura satisfatória, proporcionando conectividade dentro da área de cobertura para os clientes móveis. Por isto, estas redes precisam se adaptar a alterações de topologia, que podem ocorrer a todo o momento. Para permitir esta adaptação é necessário um protocolo de roteamento. Um componente importante de um protocolo de roteamento proativo é um protocolo de descoberta de topologia da rede, no qual as modificações na topologia da rede são divulgadas através de mensagens de atualização. Entretanto, protocolos proativos possuem uma alta carga de mensagens. Uma carga elevada de mensagens tem grande impacto no desempenho do protocolo de roteamento e podem levar a problemas de escalabilidade. Neste contexto, a principal contribuição deste trabalho é a construção de um protocolo de divulgação dos estados dos enlaces com garantia de entrega, chamado Mesh Network Link State Dissemination Protocol - MLSD, projetado para RMSFs, cujos objetivos são reduzir a carga de mensagens de atualização na rede e reduzir o total de mensagens enviadas para divulgar as atualizações.

Traditional Ad Hoc network wireless communication in the past years have contributed tremendously to the dawn of wireless mesh networks (WMNs) which have so far been able to provide a significant improvement in capacity and scalability. Routing metrics which form the basic element for the routing protocol in this innovative communication technology is a call for concern as they must take into consideration the wireless medium network characteristics in order to provide a optimum appreciable QoS performance. In the past many single-radio routing metrics have been proposed for Ad Hoc networks which are not compatible with the multi-radio routing scenario demanded by WMNs. In our work, we provide a comparative analysis of most recently proposed multi-radio routing metrics for WMNs. We begin by providing an overview of the features of a wireless mesh network thereby presenting a better understanding of some of the research challenges of WMNs. Also, since single-radio routing forms the basis of multi-radio routing, we in this regard provide a review of some single-radio routing metrics. In our comparative analysis, an overview of routing protocols for WMNs is provided enabling an understanding of the demands to be included in a routing metric to ensure efficient routing in WMNs since different routing protocols may impose different demands; we then identify the requirements of multi-radio routing metrics from which we base our comparative analysis.

The demand for ubiquitous networks has pushed the designs of networks all the way. The requirement for access point to be integrated into IEEE 802.3 standard and other networks has always been a sore point in the limitation of wireless coverage of IEEE 802.11 standard networks. Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is expected to be the future of the next generation wireless network. It is experiencing a fast growing development due to its attractive features which includes high reliable connectivity, easy deployment, self healing, self configuring, flexible network expansion etc. Hence the mobility of the WMN nodes has been of paramount importance, which would make it independent of wired infrastructure and flexible interoperability with various networks and devices. The requirements like mobility, transparency etc. have led to the amendment of the WMN standard by the Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineering (IEEE) 802.11 Working Group (WG), Task Group (TG) “S. The IEEE 802.11s standard tackles these issues by its operation on layer 2 of Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model and creates a transparent IEEE 802 broadcast domain that supports any higher layer protocol. In our work we give the evaluation of the upcoming IEEE 802.11s standard based on its features some of which include routing at layer 2 and medium access control to enable its design and implementation in the existing mesh frame work of Communication Research Labs (CRL) using the proposed IEEE 802.11s routing protocols with focus on RA-OLSR and HWMP. We concentrate on how to integrate these features into the existing CRL’s C-CORE which runs other layer 3 routing protocols and complex functions as Application Programming Interface (API) modules. The implementation of the IEEE 802.11s standard creates major challenges as we have to create a roadmap on integrating the new wireless kernel interfaces like the nl80211, cfg80211 and the Wireless Extension (Wext) into the CRL’s C-CORE framework for communication between user space and kernel space, especially taking into consideration of the existing HAL and madwifi wireless drivers of the CRL’s framework. To support the evaluation of the features like the layer 2 routing and the modified MAC performance, we compare results of the CRL’s real time mesh network test with our simulation result of the IEEE 802.11s standard using the Qualnet 4.5 simulator with focus on the basic network parameters like delay, jitter and throughput. The comparison shows that the CRL’s network has higher throughput running its existing layer 3 protocols. The analysis also proves that the 802.11s is flexible, scalable and efficient in delivering multi hop capabilities to clients that cannot afford the deployment time or the cost for wired networks that use access points. With the complete integration, of the 802.11s standard specifications the CRL’s C-CORE framework can be much more capable of supporting more diverse network scenario deployments. / +46-736318897

With the constant development of wireless technologies, the usageof wireless devices tends to increase even more in the future.Wireless multi-hop networks (WMNs) have emerged as a keytechnology to numerous potential scenarios, ranging from disasterrecovery to wireless broadband internet access. The distributedarchitecture of WMNs enables nodes to cooperatively relay othernode's packets. Because of their advantages over other wirelessnetworks, WMNs are undergoing rapid progress and inspiringnumerous applications. However, many technical issues still existin this field. In this thesis we investigate how Voice over IP(VoIP) and peer-to-peer (P2P) application are influenced bywireless multi-hop network characteristics and how to optimizethem in order to provide scalable communication.We first consider the deployment of VoIP service in wirelessmulti-hop networks, by using the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)architecture. Our investigation shows that the centralized SIParchitecture imposes several challenges when deployed in thedecentralized wireless multi-hop environment. We find that VoIPquality metrics are severely degraded as the traffic and number ofmultiple hops to the gateway increase. In the context ofscalability, we further propose four alternative approaches whichavoid current limitations.In the second part of this thesis we tackle the network capacityproblem while providing scalable VoIP service over wirelessmulti-hop networks. The performance evaluation shows the influenceof intra and inter-flow interference in channel utilization, whichdirect impacts the VoIP capacity. In order to avoid the small VoIPpacket overhead, we propose a new adaptive hop-by-hop packetaggregation scheme based on wireless link characteristics. Ourperformance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme can increasethe VoIP capacity by a two-fold gain.The study of peer-to-peer applicability over wireless multi-hopnetworks is another important contribution. A resource lookupapplication is realized through structured P2P overlay. We showthat due to several reasons, such as characteristics of wirelesslinks, multi-hop forwarding operation, and structured P2Pmanagement traffic aggressiveness the performance of traditionalP2P applications is rather low in wireless multi-hop environments.Therefore, we suggested that a trade-off between the P2P lookupefficiency and the P2P management traffic overhead can be achievedwhile maintaining the overlay network consistency in wirelessmulti-hop networks.

Wireless Mesh Networks provide an organisation or a community with the means to extend or create a network independent of infrastructure. However, the network’s dynamic topology along with the fact that devices in the network might be mobile and move randomly, brings tolight various kind of problems on the network, with the most common being the routing. In this report, the problem of routing is examined in terms of throughput, routing overhead, end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio on two chosen algorithms, namely the Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) and the Better Approach To Mobile Adhoc Networking (B.A.T.M.A.N.). Furthermore, this thesis examines also a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection and compares it against several TCP congestion control mechanisms, two of which, were implemented, namely TCP-Illinois and TCP-FIT, to address the effects that different TCP congestion mechanisms have on an ad-hoc network, when reliable connections are needed. The results show that DYMO is more stable, performs good overall and has the lowest routing overhead, however in a situation with limited mobility or no mobility (as in high mobility they perform poorly) proactive protocols like B.A.T.M.A.N. are worthy protocols, should the extra penalty of routing overhead in the network traffic is not causing any problems. Furthermore, regarding the TCP results, it was observed that TCP congestion algorithms designed specifically for Wireless networks, do offer better performance and should be considered, when designing an ad-hoc network.

We address several problems that arise in a multihop wireless mesh network. First, we study the problem of joint congestion control, routing and MAC layer scheduling. We formulate the problem as an aggregate utility maximization problem and apply duality theory to decompose the problem into two sub-problems, namely, network layer congestion control and routing problem, and MAC layer scheduling problem. Given the link “prices", the source adjusts its rate based on the cost of the least-cost path to the destination, and sends traffic to the destination along the least-cost path, while link scheduling is carried out based on link prices. Optimal link scheduling for a wireless network is known to be NP-hard. We explore the use of a known centralized greedy heuristic, and develop a distributed algorithm that can schedule independent links based on local information. While the link scheduling algorithm above is for a given set of link prices, the solution to our problem depends on the sequence of price vectors generated by the price update algorithm. This leads us to study convergence issues related to the price update algorithm. Next, we develop a practical protocol which maximizes aggregate utility in a wireless mesh network. We simulate our protocol using Qualnet 4.5 and compare the result with a baseline protocol that uses IEEE 802.11 for link scheduling and AODV for routing. Our proposed protocol requires the durations of slots and subslots to be defined. We develop an approach in which given a single cell wireless mesh network using IEEE 802.11 as a reliable message delivery mechanism, one can find upper and lower bounds on the durations of slots. We employ stochastic ordering to compare distributions of random variables and using some properties of stochastic ordering along with the central limit theorem, we devise a way to compute the above mentioned bounds on the durations. In the second part, we shift our focus to model delays incurred by application packets sent over a WLAN. In this section we model the WLAN as a Random Polling System. The packet arrival process at each node i is assumed to be a stationary and independent increment random process with mean ai and second moment a(2)i . The packet lengths at node i are assumed to be i.i.d random variables Pi with finite mean and second moment. Utilizing available results, we obtain expressions for mean packet delay. Extensive simulations are conducted to verify the analytical results.

Orientador: Paulo Cardieri / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T23:43:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MunozGallego_DavidAlfonso_M.pdf: 701198 bytes, checksum: b2030ec2292717eca9c4a897402834ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma estimação da capacidade das redes sem fio tipo Mesh. As redes deste tipo têm topologias e padrões de tráfego únicos que as diferenciam das redes sem fio convencionais. Nas redes sem fio tipo mesh os nós atuam como clientes e como servidores e o tráfego e encaminhado para uma ou várias gateways em um modo multi-salto. A estimação da capacidade é baseada em estudos da Camada Física e MAC. Efeitos da propagação do canal são avaliados / Abstract: This work addresses the capacity of wireless mesh networks (WMN). This kind of networks has unique topologies and traffic patterns that differentiate them from conventional wireless networks. In WMN, the nodes act as clients and hosts and the traffic is forwarded to one or more gateways in a multihop fashion. The capacity estimation presented in this work is based on the physical and link layer investigation, using computer simulation / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Today Moblity Management is one of the most important tasks that need to be accomplished to secure availability and performance of communication between people. This paper explains how moblity management is currently structured and what algorithms and approaches from Peer-To-Peer technology could be used to increase availability and performance.

This thesis dissertation addresses the problem of providing video streaming services over mobile wireless ad hoc networks. This sort of network represents a hostile environment for this kind of realtime data transmission to the extent that obtaining a good quality of viewer experience is challenging and still under study. Besides the research point of view, providing high-quality multimedia services is decisive for the practical usability and feasibility of wireless ad hoc networks so that service providers can broaden the range of services offered. So far, mobile wireless ad hoc networks have been used to provide network connection among users who could not have connectivity otherwise. However, quality expectations and requirements have been increased notably, fostered by the advent of real-time multimedia applications over mobile devices. Due to the considerable processing and bandwidth constraints underlying these types of devices, coupled with their ability to move freely, it becomes a difficult task to achieve an acceptable quality of service throughout the entire video transmission. Thus, the contribution of this thesis work is twofold. On the one hand, the main problems and limitations that may be encountered and should be faced when deploying real-time services over mobile wireless ad hoc networks are analyzed and discussed. Bandwidth constraints and node mobility are portrayed as the major causes that prevent good quality of service and smooth video playback. On the other hand, following then the aim of improving video streaming quality, this thesis proposes practical solutions that involve diverse routing and cross-layer techniques. One of the proposed approaches focuses on hierarchical routing. Hierarchical arrangement of network nodes may reduce packet interference as well as offer a structured architecture that reduces control traffic overhead. Particularly, the proposed hierarchical routing protocol aims at providing scalability when the number of nodes grows, while maintaining complexity as low as possible. The resulting reduction in packet losses and video playback interruptions finally enhances the quality of received video streams. Furthermore, on the basis that the nodes in an ad hoc network are willing to perform routing tasks, every node could become essential for the proper network operation and routing performance. In tune with this philosophy, a new cross-layer mechanism for recovering lost packets is proposed. By overhearing packets over the wireless shared medium, any node in the surrounding area of the destination endpoint can altruistically retransmit those video packets that have not been correctly received at destination. Moreover, due to the video awareness and frame prioritization algorithm considered in this proposal, it becomes very convenient for real-time video streaming services. The results show that the presented mechanism succeeds in improving video quality and user experience, especially when packet losses are caused due to the mobility of the destination node. / Arce Vila, P. (2014). Hierarchical routing and cross-layer mechanisms for improving video streaming quality of service over mobile wireless ad hoc networks [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/36538 / Alfresco