Similar to a car’s license plate, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) has released new regulations imposing the registration of drone operators and the broadcasting of the drone’s “digital license plate”, i.e., the drone Remote Identification (RID) in flight, which gives a new opportunity in drone surveillance. Thus, it is meaningful to test the performance of Direct Remote Identification (DRI). To evaluate whether DRI can further improve the performance of the current Counter-Unmanned Aerial System (CUAS), it is essential to understand the performance of DRI, e.g., the effective region (maximal range). In this project, the field test of DRI reception with two broadcast protocols, Wireless Fidelity (Wi‑Fi) and Bluetooth, is carried out. As a result, with a 10dB high-gain receiving antenna and Mavic 3 as the transmitter in suburban areas, the maximal range can reach 1300 meters and still performs well in urban areas with a 700-meter maximal range when predicted with empirical propagation models. The field test results regard DRI signal as a helpful assistant in drone detection and surveillance. Therefore, a DRI receiver is developed in this project. All the basic functions like signal receiving and processing, Internet connection, and data transmission are successfully implemented. With further developments, the receiver could become a product that provides drone detection and tracking services. / Liknande en bils registreringsskylt har Europeiska unionens byrå för luftfartssäkerhet (EASA) infört nya regler som kräver registrering av drönaroperatörer och sändning av drönarens ”digitala registreringsskylt”, det vill säga fjärridentifiering (RID) under flygning, vilket ger nya möjligheter inom drönarövervakning. Därför är det meningsfullt att testa prestandan för Direkt Fjärridentifiering (DRI). För att utvärdera om DRI kan förbättra prestandan för det nuvarande systemet för bekämpning av obemannade luftfarkoster (CUAS), är det väsentligt att förstå DRIs prestanda, till exempel den effektiva regionen (maximal räckvidd). I detta projekt genomförs fälttest av DRI-mottagning med två sändningsprotokoll, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) och Bluetooth. Som resultat, med en 10dB högvinstantenn och Mavic 3 som sändare i förortsområden, kan maximal räckvidd nå 1300 meter och presterar fortfarande bra i urbana områden med en maximal räckvidd på 700 meter när det förutsägs med empiriska propagationsmodeller. Fälttestresultaten betraktar DRI-signalen som en hjälpsam assistent i drönardetektion och övervakning. Därför utvecklas en DRI-mottagare i detta projekt. Alla grundläggande funktioner som signal mottagning och bearbetning, internetanslutning och datatransmission är framgångsrikt implementerade. Med ytterligare utvecklingar kan mottagaren bli en produkt som tillhandahåller tjänster för detektering och spårning av drönare.

The potential of implementing subthreshold radio frequency circuits in deep sub-micron CMOS technology was investigated for developing low-power front-ends for wireless personal area network (WPAN) applications. It was found that the higher transconductance to bias current ratio in weak inversion could be exploited in developing low-power wireless front-ends, if circuit techniques are employed to mitigate the higher device noise in subthreshold region. The first fully integrated subthreshold low noise amplifier was demonstrated in the GHz frequency range requiring only 260 μW of power consumption. Novel subthreshold variable gain stages and down-conversion mixers were developed. A 2.4 GHz receiver, consuming 540 μW of power, was implemented using a new subthreshold mixer by replacing the conventional active low noise amplifier by a series-resonant passive network that provides both input matching and voltage amplification. The first fully monolithic subthreshold CMOS receiver was also implemented with integrated subthreshold quadrature LO (Local Oscillator) chain for 2.4 GHz WPAN applications. Subthreshold operation, passive voltage amplification, and various low-power circuit techniques such as current reuse, stacking, and differential cross coupling were combined to lower the total power consumption to 2.6 mW. Extremely compact resistive feedback CMOS low noise amplifiers were presented as a cost-effective alternative to narrow band LNAs using high-Q inductors. Techniques to improve linearity and reduce power consumption were presented. The combination of high linearity, low noise figure, high broadband gain, extremely small die area and low power consumption made the proposed LNA architecture a compelling choice for many wireless applications.

This work describes the design, construction a performance of such a complete wireless pager suitable for health care centers, rest homes, home application, for example for calling an attendant. This appliance is designed to be easy to attendance. A wireless transceiver is simplified and is attended only by one button. A wireless receiver also doesn't require a complicated manipulation. The aim is to create pager, which will be an useful assistant thanks to its price and simple construction.