This thesis entitled "Psychological Aspects of Interrogation of Children" deals with the psychological aspects of interrogation of sexually abused children aged six to twelve. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first section consists of five chapters and it focuses on theoretical knowledge. There is described expert knowledge about children´s development, interrogation, the output interrogation, i.e. testimony, and specifics of interrogation of children. The second part processes the results of the actual research. The research objective of the thesis was to identify psychological aspects which affect the interrogation of children, to determine and describe them. In this thesis qualitative research was used to achieve the aim, especially a part of the grounded theory method. In my research I termed eleven categories aspects which influence the interrogation of children. These categories are described in detail in the chapters entitled Result and they are discussed in detail. This thesis can serve to individual institutions involved in criminal proceedings concerning juvenile offenders as well as to general public.

The main concern of this thesis is to describe the motivation of the offender of murder and psychological background of this extremely aggressive antisocial act. The whole work was conceived from the perspective of expert's witness work. It draws mainly on the knowledge of forensic psychology, as well as other border areas. It is based on a total of processing 38 expert witness statements of accused murderers. In this set, Schlesinger's concept of criminal motivation was applied by using a simple methodology. The aim was to verify whether it is possible to determine the nature of motivation. Also used was the opportunity of causal assessment recidivism, and compared the responses with expert witness's opinion if they were comparable. Both hypothesis were confirmed on significance level α = 0,05. Since this is a relatively unique set of explorands with high proportion of homicide offenders active in organized crime and hired killers, there were compiled descriptive statistics of the tested group, which was divided subsequently into two smaller criterion: murder by organized crime. Group "organized murderers" (n = 17) was compared with the file "unorganized murderers" (n = 21). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Most investigative interviewing protocols, including the National Institute of Justice’s 1999 guidelines on collecting eyewitness evidence, recommend building rapport with cooperative witnesses to increase the quality and quantity of details obtained at recall. To date, only three published articles have empirically addressed the effects of rapport-building on adult witness memory, and all suggest an increase in witness accuracy under certain conditions. However, to our knowledge no research has addressed the importance of the investigator when building rapport and whether rapport can increase witness susceptibility to suggestive-leading questions – the aim of the current research. Specifically, this project examined the effects of change in interviewer between rapport and retrieval, and the effects of interviewer suggestion after rapport eyewitness memory accuracy. Participant witnesses (N=198) viewed a videotaped mock convenience store robbery followed by rapport-building or a standard police interview about non-crime related details (rapport manipulation). One week later all participants were interviewed about the mock crime they witnessed either by the same or a different interviewer (interviewer manipulation). All witnesses were interviewed about the mock crime using open-ended questions about the event, witnesses, suspect, and location followed by a series of specific suggestive questions containing both correct- and incorrect-leading information about the crime. Videotaped and transcribed witness reports were scored for accurate and false information by two independent raters. Findings indicated that, contrary to all hypotheses, neither rapport-building on day 1 nor change in interviewer on day 2 (one week later) manipulations resulted in significant effects on the primary accuracy dependent measures on day 2, including open-ended and suggestive-leading questions. The present study was the first to investigate the effect of rapport-building on eyewitness recall after a delay, whether changing interviewers across the investigation impacts recall, and whether rapport can act as a safeguard by inoculating witnesses against investigator-provided misinformation. These null findings further suggest that future research should disentangle the specific conditions under which rapport-building facilitates witness recall need to be disentangled in future research.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O deslocamento dos fluÃdos presentes no poÃo atà a superfÃcie à ocasionado, principalmente, pela injeÃÃo da Ãgua do mar nessas unidades produtoras de petrÃleo. Entretanto, tal processo induz a formaÃÃo de incrustaÃÃes, uma vez que a mistura da Ãgua salina com a Ãgua conata presente no poÃo ocasiona a formaÃÃo de sais insolÃveis. A fim de reduzir os danos causados por essa deposiÃÃo de sais emprega-se a tÃcnica squeeze de injeÃÃo de inibidor de incrustaÃÃo, a partir da qual ocorre a retenÃÃo de um anti-incrustante na superfÃcie da formaÃÃo rochosa inibindo a formaÃÃo dos cristais. O presente estudo visou compreender o mecanismo de retenÃÃo de um inibidor em uma rocha caracterÃstica do prÃ-sal e para tanto, foram realizados estudos fundamentais em batelada empregando uma rocha testemunho calcÃtica desagregada (IL) e os principais minerais que ocorrem nas formaÃÃes (calcita e quartzo) e como inibidor de incrustaÃÃo, o Ãcido nitrilotrismetilfosfÃnico (ATMP). Foram levantadas isotermas de adsorÃÃo/dessorÃÃo de N2 e ensaios de DRX para caracterizaÃÃo dos materiais utilizados para retenÃÃo do inibidor. Os experimentos em batelada foram conduzidos sob diferentes condiÃÃes de operaÃÃo em um banho termostÃtico. Foi avaliada a influÃncia da temperatura, presenÃa de um tensoativo, granulometria, adiÃÃo dos cÃtions Ca2+ e Mg2+ e tempo de contato. A concentraÃÃo de inibidor foi determinada a partir da anÃlise da quantidade de fÃsforo em soluÃÃo empregando-se a tÃcnica de Espectroscopia de EmissÃo Ãtica com Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (ICP-OES). Os resultados obtidos nos levaram a concluir que a retenÃÃo do ATMP na rocha testemunho à controlada pela precipitaÃÃo desse inibidor; o aumento da temperatura resulta em um gradual acrÃscimo na quantidade de inibidor retida e a adiÃÃo do tensoativo Igepal nÃo ocasiona bruscas variaÃÃes nessa retenÃÃo. / The movement of fluids present in the well moving to surface is caused mainly by the injection of sea water in these petroleum units producing. However, this process induce to scale formation, since the mixing of saline water with the water present in the well leads to formation of insoluble salts. In order to reduce the damage caused by the deposition of these salts employs the squeeze technique of scale inhibitor injection, from which occurs the retention of an anti-fouling on the surface of rock formation by inhibiting the formation of crystals. The present work had as main objective to understand the mechanism of retention of an inhibitor in a characteristic rock of the pre-salt. Therefore, fundamental studies of batch were performed employing a witness rock calcite disaggregated (IL), the main minerals that occur in the formations (calcite and quartz) and as scale inhibitor, the nitrilotrismetylenephosphonic acid (NTMP). It was raised isotherm adsorption/desorption of N2 and XRD characterization of materials used for retention of the inhibitor. The batch experiments were conducted under different operating conditions in a thermostatic bath. Evaluated the influence of temperature, the presence of a surfactant, particle size, addition of cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ and contact time. The inhibitor concentration was determined by analyzing of the amount of phosphorus in solution employing the technique Optical Emission Spectroscopy Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES). The results led us to conclude that the retention of NTMP in the rock record is controlled by the precipitation of inhibitor; increasing the temperature results in a gradual increase in the amount of trapped inhibitor and the addition of the surfactant Igepal does not cause abrupt variations this retention.

The aim of this thesis is the analysis of a cooperating defendant as a legal instrument of combating organized crime not only in the law regulations of the Czech Republic, but also in the laws of other European countries. This thesis also outlines the origin and development of this institution, both in the international context and in the context of the Czech legislation, including amendments and proposals de lege ferenda. In my work I am also comparing the Czech legislation with specific national legislations. I also mention some interesting legal cases that relate to these issues and present the views of the scientific capacities and respected experts. The thesis is divided into five chapters, which are complemented by introduction and conclusion. The first chapter deals with the historical development of the institute, both in the Czech Republic and in the territories of other states. The second chapter deals with the Czech legislation, the introduction of the institute, and amendments regarding also the laws outside of the Criminal Procedure Code. I also bring up some of the views of experts who evaluate the institute from various angles and express their opinion de lege ferenda. The third chapter presents the problems of organized crime, a topic closely related; institute of cooperating...

RÉSUMÉ IN ENGLISH The topic of this master thesis is the principle of promptness in the criminal proceedings because this question is nowadays the subject-matter of numerous discussions, in which it is spoken about overloaded Czech justice system, about delays in court proceedings and about options, how to relieve the system of Czech criminal justice system. The aim of the submitted thesis is to evaluate critically the current legal institutes helping to make the criminal proceedings faster, mainly the investigation of crimes, and to contemplate its potential extension, without having caused any more significant limitation of the right of the accused to defence. Among other principles, which stay often contrary to the principle of promptness and which the legislators always must bear in mind, are the principle of material truth and the principle of contradiction. The thesis is divided into seven basic chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. The second chapter deals with the meaning of promptness of criminal proceedings for each particular subject of the criminal proceedings, mainly for the accused and the injured party. Third chapter presents the statistic data on the average length of proceedings in the Czech Republic and within the European Union: the average length of criminal proceedings leaded...

anglicky The aim of this diploma is to describe the role of an expert psychologist witness in criminal trial and to define purpose of forensic psychological assessments. It also tries to answer current questions related to the field of psychological expert opinions. The psychological forensic expert witness is appointed in the same way as other legal expert witnesses. That means he has the same rights and obligations as them. The first chapter is therefore devoted to connoisseurship in general. It deals with the historical development of expert witnesses, current applicable legislation and upcoming legislative changes in this area. The second chapter approaches other expert witnesses in court too. It includes number of forensic experts in various fields and compares expert psychologists to psychiatrists, who often provide their opinions alongside psychologists'. The main part of the chapter is left to expert opinions. It clarifies terms such as personality, intellect, memory, motivation and dangerousness of the offender, that are the most commonly evaluated aspects. Conclusion of second chapter summarises the expert opinions in selected EU countries and the USA. The final chapter is devoted to the expert report as evidence in criminal proceedings. In addition to the description of expert witnesses...

Zusammenarbeitende Angeklagte Diese Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit der Problematik des Instituts des "zusammenarbeitenden Angeklagten", dessen Regelung in die strafrechtlichen Vorschriften durch die Novelle des Strafgesetzbuches Nr. 41/2009 Slg. verankert wurde, die am 1. 1. 2010 in Kraft trat. Die Tschechische Republik reagierte hiermit auf die Aufforderungen der internationalen Organisationen, die die Aufnahme der für die Bekämpfung der organisierten Kriminalität nötigen rechtlichen Instrumente verlangten. Das Phänomen des "zusammenarbeitenden Angeklagten", bzw. des Kronzeugen ruft rege Fachdebatten hervor, denn es stellt ein kontroverses Thema dar. Die Straftäter können nämlich für ihre Zusammenarbeit mit den im konkreten Fall tätigen Organen mit bis zur vollständigen Straffreiheit belohnt werden. Vor allem setzt sich diese Arbeit zum Ziel, die wirksame Rechtsregelung des "zusammenarbeitenden Angeklagten" zu beschreiben, auf einige strittige Aspekte aufmerksam zu machen und zu beurteilen, ob die Verankerung dieses Rechtsinstruments als gerecht gesehen werden kann. Die Diplomarbeit besteht aus sechs Grundkapiteln, die weiter aufgegliedert und ausführlicher ausgearbeitet werden. Im ersten Kapitel liegt der Schwerpunkt in der Klassifikation der Begriffe "zusammenarbeitender Angeklagter" und...

In John 5:39-40 we see a dividing line being drawn over the proper interpretation of “the Scriptures” between the Jewish leaders of the first century and the early Christians of the Johannine community. Both parties agreed that “searching the Scriptures” was essential; however, the two groups disagreed about the nature with which one was to “search the Scriptures” and how one was to possess or lay hold of this eternal life. “The Jews” viewed eternal life as a birthright that was maintained by rigorous study of the law and strict observance of its principles. The study of the law became an end in itself. The Christians of the Johannine community, on the other hand, believed that eternal life was only granted as gift when a person comes to the one of whom the Scriptures testified, Jesus Christ. Eternal life was neither a birthright nor something that could be merited, but rather a gift given to those who truly “search the Scriptures” and truly see the one who they are written of. This disagreement between the Johannine community and the first century Jewish leadership is a reflection of the division between Jesus and the Jewish leaders during his day as well as a reflection of the division between Christians and Jews in our day. But perhaps more importantly, it is a reflection of the complacent attitude that pervades much of the church today. The words of this passage are a warning or wake-up call to us all. We must be careful not to presume that eternal life is ours because of any merit or association. We must be careful to search “the Scriptures” with our eyes wide open and without presuppositions that will hinder of from discerning its true meaning. But most importantly, we must look to the one of whom these “Scriptures” testify, Jesus Christ. If we truly want to live, as we assume all men do, then we must do what is necessary to inherit eternal life. We must heed the words of “the Scriptures” and we must heed Jesus’ words: we must come to Jesus who alone is the source of eternal life. This begins and ends with proper interpretation of the Word of God. / Dissertation (MA (New Testament Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / New Testament Studies / MA / unrestricted

The topic of my study is: The Christian witness in the context of poverty, with special reference to South African Charismatic Evangelicals. The big challenge that I am addressing is the endemic poverty that is facing our entire nation. The issue of the Christian’s response to poverty needs to be addressed adequately. In this case, particularly, the focus is on the response of the Charismatic Evangelical Church to the plight of the poor. Poverty is more than just a theoretical theological question. Poverty is about existential problems faced by real people in their struggle for freedom from powerlessness and marginalization. Therefore, I seek to reflect on the many human faces of poverty in South Africa, highlighting the causes of poverty and the unique experiences of the poor. I am also exploring the theological foundations of the Church and its witness amongst the poor. Reading through the Scriptures one discovers the foundational principles that are imperative in defining the Church’s mission, ministry and message. This is followed by a theological reflection on key aspects of poverty eradication in the 20th Century. This includes a reflection on relief, development, transformation and sustainability. These concepts have all influenced various responses of Christians in dealing with the issue of poverty in their witness. Poverty should not continue unabated in the Christian community, the very people who received the commission to minister to the poor in their suffering from the Lord Jesus Himself. Throughout the centuries, the Church was challenged to minister to the poor in distress. The challenge has not disappeared. In our time, in our country, also in the circles of Charismatic Evangelical Christians, we are called to respond to the cry of the poor. Thus, in this study I present a brief background to the Charismatic Evangelicals in South Africa, looking at their fundamental teachings and theology, and the development of their missiological thinking when facing the realities of poverty. This is followed by their practical responses to poverty, based on a report on interviews that have been conducted with various leaders within the Charismatic Evangelical Church, which often has been accused of being apolitical and socially irrelevant. Finally, I reflect on the conclusions that I have drawn on how the Charismatic Evangelical Churches have reconceptualized their Christian Witness amongst the poor. I examine the manner in which they have pursued an empowering ministry in poor communities, and how they have consolidated their theological and practical positions in their ministry to eradicate poverty. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Science of Religion and Missiology / unrestricted