No description available.

M.S.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clothing needs and the selection and buying practices of women attending the Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Subjects for the study included 40 Virginia Polytechnic Institute women selected at random from the freshman, sophomore, junior and senior classes and from rural and urban areas. With personal explanation from the writer each girl filled out the schedule, “Factors Associated with Clothing Selection and Purchase by College Girls.” / M.S.

Protein has long been recognized as an essential dietary substance, necessary for the building and repair of body tissue. However, in recent years we have learned even more of the versatility of protein in body processes. In addition to the need of protein for growth and repair of tissue breakdown, protein compounds are now known to serve also as parts of hormones to regulate body processes, enzymes to digest foods, plasma albumin to maintain water balance and blood volume, globulins to resist infection, and hemoglobin to transport oxygen to the tissues. In times of food shortages, protein deficiency is more likely to occur than that of any other of the important dietary essentials. This is due to the fact that there is a shortage of the foods that furnish protein of high biological value, i.e., the proteins of meat, milk, eggs and cheese. At the present time, where food shortages exist, these foods are scarce and when available expensive. Because of this situation, research concerned with protein metabolism is especially significant today. Proteins differ from one another on the basis of the number and kind of amino acids of which they are made. Since there are nine (possibly 10) essential amino acids, that cannot be synthesized in the body in adequate amounts from other amino acids, they must be present in the food. These essential amino acids are found in protein of animal origin. Plant protein is good for supplementing other protein, but alone, it is inadequate for maintenance and growth in the body. With complete protein foods both scarce and expensive, a knowledge of the protein requirement, the factors that affect its utilization, and how the body needs are met are of prime importance. The protein requirement has been determined from the data obtained from protein (or nitrogen) balance experiments in man. However, due to the nature of the data and the many variable factors involved in the amino acid content of various dietaries, there have been disagreements as to the real requirement, some advocating a high intake, others suggesting a lower intake. Today a compromise of the two extremes is generally advocated. The National Research Council has suggested an adult protein allowance of 60 to 70 gm. per day, from a diet of mixed protein (both animal and plant foods). In view of the fact that the number of studies to determine the protein requirement of human beings has of necessity been small, this problem was originally undertaken to observe the effect of the variation of caloric intake on protein use by means of the nitrogen balance experiment. In developing a low protein diet for the above study, coffee was suggested by one of the subjects to make the diet more palatable. This raised the question of whether or not coffee might in some way affect protein utilization or nitrogen excretion. A search was made for data on this point. In reviewing the available literature it was found that workers between 1853 and 1912 had done some work on the effect of caffeine on the nitrogen in the urine of men and dogs, but their results were contradictory, and in most cases they had used varying and unspecified amounts of caffeine. Since that time this problem has apparently been neglected. In the hope of obtaining further information concerning the effect of coffee on nitrogen metabolism, this study was planned with the following purposes: To 1. Develop dietary and laboratory technique for the nitrogen balance experiment. 2. Attempt to reach the point of nitrogen equilibrium in subjects on a known protein and caloric intake. 3. Determine the effect, if any, of the ingestion of a known amount of coffee on the total nitrogen, urea and ammonia excretions. / Master of Science

1. A saturation study was conducted on three normal college girls, weighing 50, 43, and 54 kg. Subject I was found to require more than 2.2 mg. per kg. of ascorbic acid or a total of 110 mg. To maintain tissue saturation and subjects II and III were found to require 1.6 mg. per kg. or a total of 67 mg. And 86 mg. respectively. 2. The data for subjects II and III suggest that they may be a relationship between body size and the ascorbic acid requirement, since on the per kg. basis, they both needed the same (1.6 mg. per kg.). However, the fact that subject I required a much greater amount to maintain tissue saturation, more than 2. mg. per kg. Indicates that individual difference may overshadow body size in its effect on requirement of vitamin C. 3. The effect of various factors on the ascorbic acid excretion were observed: a. The correlations between the percentage of ascorbic acid intake excreted and the urinary pH were -.2122, -.315, and -/8588 for subjects I, II, and III respectively, only that of subject III being significant. b. Insignificant correlations of .293, -.2015, and -.0507 were found between the urinary volume and the percentage of ascorbic acid excreted. c. Correlations for subjects I and II between ascorbic acid excretion and cigarettes smoked were .0243 and .3198. Neither was considered significant. d. Insignificant correlations, -.149 and .00286, were found between ascorbic acid excretion and the coffee intake. e. A slightly significant correlation of -.3848 was found between the percentage (Average for the three subjects) of the ascorbic acid intake excreted and the maximum daily temperature. 4. A comparison of the results of this saturation study with two other saturation studies (2, 24) points out that 1.6-1.7 mg. per kg. May be an adequate requirement in most of the cases studied. However, all three studies give data on only thirteen subjects. 5. Suggestions are offered which it is hoped will so simplify the procedure of the saturation test that with efficient planning a much larger number of subjects may be studied: a. Collection and analysis of urine only on test dose days. b. Ad libitum intake of foods containing negligible amounts of vitamin C. c. Determination of the urinary pH at the time of collection. / Master of Science

This study has developed and tested a model to explain the abortion standards of single women. A sample of 263 college women was used to test the two hypotheses proposed by the model. The findings show support for Hypothesis I that abortion permissiveness and premarital sexual permissiveness are positively associated for single women. This association is not significantly affected by either the controls of age or religion. Hypothesis II, which proposed a positive relationship between abortion permissiveness and number of times in love, is supported when age is controlled but not when religion is introduced as a control. Specifically, the failure of this hypothesis results from the fact that Catholics in the sample have been in love less and score lower on abortion permissiveness than non-Catholics. Additional findings of the study include successful development of a 13-item Guttman scale to measure standards for acceptance of abortion. This concept, as operationalized by the scale items, measures a concern for the social consequences of premarital pregnancy and childbirth. A serendipitous finding of the study is that the Reiss premarital sexual permissiveness scale failed to perform in the anticipated manner. This suggests the need to revise the Reiss scale so that it incorporates changes in premarital sexual standards. / M.S.

Total and differential leucocyte counts were made on 30 college women of ages of 18 to 28 years. / Master of Science

The intent and purposes of this study are (1) to discover the extent of the guidance needs and problems which confront the women students in North Texas State Teachers College and the extent to which the students are adjusting and developing into normal and socially effective individuals; (2) to interpret the data collected from the individual questionnaires in order that plans for a more adequate and effective guidance program may be made, and to offer a functional basis for individual and group guidance; and (3) to measure their present needs and problems in relation to personal and social adjustments as individuals and as groups.

Tam, Kok-wing = 從質性研究探討中國香港女性大學生運動習慣的決定因素 / 譚玨穎. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-116). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Tam, Kok-wing = Cong zhi xing yan jiu tan tao Zhongguo Xianggang nü xing da xue sheng yun dong xi guan de jue ding yin su / Tan Jueying. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Tables --- p.vii / List of Figures --- p.viii / Chapter CHAPTER ONE / Introduction --- p.1 / Background --- p.1 / Purpose of Study --- p.6 / Operational Definition of Terms --- p.6 / Assumptions --- p.7 / Delimitations --- p.8 / Limitations --- p.8 / Significance of the Study --- p.8 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO / Review of Literature --- p.10 / Psychological Aspects of Physical Activity --- p.10 / Theoretical Background --- p.10 / Reduction of Stress and Depression --- p.11 / Enhancement of Mood --- p.13 / Improvement in Self Concept --- p.14 / Higher Quality of Life --- p.15 / Reasons for Exercise Participation --- p.16 / Exercise Determinants --- p.17 / Research Related to the Determinants of Physical Activity --- p.18 / Personal Characteristics --- p.18 / Psychological and Behavioural Determinants --- p.19 / Environmental Determinants - Social factors --- p.21 / Environmental Determinants - Physical factors --- p.22 / Physical Activity Characteristics --- p.23 / Exercise Facilitators --- p.24 / Exercise Barriers --- p.24 / Gender --- p.25 / Decline of Young Adult Exercise Pattern --- p.27 / The Transtheoretical Model --- p.28 / Theoretical Background --- p.28 / The Five Stages of Change --- p.31 / Precontemplation Stage - --- p.31 / Contemplation Stage --- p.31 / Preparation Stage --- p.31 / Action Stage --- p.32 / Maintenance Stage --- p.32 / Research related to the Transtheoretical Model and physical activity --- p.33 / Summary --- p.35 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE / Method --- p.36 / Participants --- p.36 / Survey sample --- p.36 / Interview sample --- p.37 / Procedures --- p.37 / Surveying --- p.37 / In-depth interviewing process --- p.38 / Instrumentation --- p.39 / Questionnaire for the Survey Sample (818 students) --- p.39 / Exercise Stage Assessment --- p.39 / Interview guide for the interview sub-sample --- p.40 / Data Analysis --- p.42 / Questionnaire Analysis --- p.42 / Data analysis for the interview --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR / Results --- p.46 / The General Results from Exercise Stage Assessment --- p.46 / Background of the 15 Interviewees --- p.47 / Reasons for sedentary behaviour of the non-exercisers --- p.50 / Personal Characteristics --- p.52 / Psychological and Behavioural Determinants --- p.53 / Exercise Determinants - Physical aspects --- p.55 / Exercise Determinants - Social aspects --- p.58 / Physical Activity Characteristics --- p.60 / Reasons for the non-exercisers to change their sedentary behaviour- --- p.61 / Personal Characteristics --- p.62 / Psychological and Behavioural Determinants --- p.63 / Exercise Determinants - Physical aspects --- p.65 / Exercise Determinants - Social aspects --- p.66 / Physical Activity Characteristics --- p.67 / Reasons for the exercisers to be active --- p.67 / Personal Characteristics --- p.68 / Psychological and Behavioural Determinants --- p.70 / Exercise Determinants - Physical aspects --- p.72 / Exercise Determinants - Social aspects --- p.72 / Physical Activity Characteristics --- p.74 / Reasons for the exercisers to terminate their active behaviour --- p.75 / Personal Characteristics --- p.76 / Psychological and Behavioural Determinants --- p.76 / Exercise Determinants - Physical aspects --- p.78 / Exercise Determinants - Social aspects --- p.81 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE / Discussion --- p.83 / Exercise Determinants in Personal Characteristics --- p.85 / Exercise Determinants in Psychological and Behavioural Dimensions --- p.89 / Exercise Determinants in Environmental - Physical aspects --- p.91 / Exercise Determinants in Environmental - Social aspects --- p.95 / Exercise Determinants in Physical Activity Characteristics --- p.96 / Summary and Conclusion --- p.97 / Recommendations --- p.100 / References --- p.102 / Appendix A --- p.117 / Appendix B --- p.119 / Appendix C --- p.120 / Appendix D --- p.122 / Appendix E --- p.124 / Appendix F --- p.126 / Appendix G --- p.128 / Appendix H --- p.130 / Appendix I --- p.131 / Appendix J --- p.133 / Appendix K --- p.135

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 294-311).